C語言實現的OOP

我倒不是為了OOP而OOP，實在是OOP的一些特征，例如封裝，多態其實是軟件工程思想，這些思想不分語言，遵循了這些思想可以使得程序更有彈性，更易修改和維護，避免僵化，脆弱

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shape.h 該文件定義的是圖形接口，所有具體圖形都必須實現自己計算面積，周長等API

#ifndef SHAPE_H
#define SHAPE_H

typedef struct shape_t
{
    void *shapeData;
    void (*area)(void *);
    void (*release)(void *);
}Shape;

#endifcircle.h 圓形接口

#ifndef CIRCLE_H
#define CIRCLE_H

typedef struct
{
    double r;
}CircleData;

typedef struct
{
    void *shapeData;
    void (*area)(void *);
    void (*release)(void *);
}Circle;

Circle *makeCircle(double r);

#endifcircle.c 圓形的實現代碼，static修飾的函數其實相當於private函數

#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "circle.h"

const double PI = 3.14159;

static void area(void *shape)
{
    Circle *_circle = (Circle *)shape;
    CircleData* data = (CircleData*)_circle->shapeData;
    printf("the circle area is %f \n", data->r * data->r * PI);
}

static void release(void *shape)
{
    Circle *_circle = (Circle *)shape;
    CircleData* data = (CircleData*)_circle->shapeData;
    free(data);
    free(_circle);
}

Circle *makeCircle(double r)
{
    CircleData* circleData = (CircleData*)malloc(sizeof(CircleData));
    Circle* circle = (Circle*)malloc(sizeof(Circle));
    assert(circleData != NULL);
    assert(circle != NULL);
    assert(r > 0);

   
    circleData->r = r;
    circle->shapeData = circleData;
    circle->area = &area;
    circle->release = &release;

    return circle;
}square.h

#ifndef SQUARE_H
#define SQUARE_H

typedef struct
{
    double x;
    double y;
}SquareData;

typedef struct
{
    void *shapeData;
    void (*area)(void *);
    void (*release)(void *);
}Square;

Square *makeSquare(double x, double y);

#endifsquare.c

#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "square.h"

static void area(void *shape)
{
    Square *square = (Square *)shape;
    SquareData* data = (SquareData*)square->shapeData;
    printf("the square area is %f \n", data->x * data->y);
}

static void release(void *shape)
{
    Square *square = (Square *)shape;
    SquareData* data = (SquareData*)square->shapeData;
    free(data);
    free(square);
}

Square *makeSquare(double x, double y)
{
    SquareData* squareData = (SquareData*)malloc(sizeof(SquareData));
    Square* square = (Square*)malloc(sizeof(Square));
    assert(squareData != NULL);
    assert(square != NULL);
    assert(x > 0 && y > 0);

    squareData->x = x;
    squareData->y = y;
    square->shapeData = squareData;
    square->area = &area;
    square->release = &release;

    return square;
}main.c 所有的工作，都為了它，是為了讓它的代碼穩定

#include <stdio.h>
#include "shape.h"
#include "circle.h"
#include "square.h"

void printShapeArea(Shape **shape,int length)
{
    int i=0;
    for(i=0;i<length;i++)
    {
        shape[i]->area(shape[i]);
        shape[i]->release(shape[i]);
    }
}

int main()
{
    Shape *p[3] = {(Shape*)makeCircle(3.2),(Shape*)makeCircle(3.2),(Shape*)makeSquare(3.1,4)};
    printShapeArea(p,3);
    return 0;
}

總結：

printShapeArea 函數並不知道傳入的圖形列表分別都是哪些圖形，這些圖形又都怎麼計算面積和周長，它唯一知道的是，這些圖形計算面積和周長的接口是什麼，通過這個接口計算就好了