MySQL憑借著出色的性能、低廉的成本、豐富的資源，已經成為絕大多數互聯網公司的首選關系型數據庫。雖然性能出色，但所謂“好馬配好鞍”，如何能夠更好的使用它，已經成為開發工程師的必修課，我們經常會從職位描述上看到諸如“精通MySQL”、“SQL語句優化”、“了解數據庫原理”等要求。我們知道一般的應用系統，讀寫比例在10:1左右，而且插入操作和一般的更新操作很少出現性能問題，遇到最多的，也是最容易出問題的，還是一些復雜的查詢操作，所以查詢語句的優化顯然是重中之重。
問題：cpu負載過高，達到36。
現象：通過mysqladmin -uroot -p processlist 查看到大量如下信息：
Sending data select * from `rep_corp_vehicle_online_count` where corp_id = 48 and vehicle_id = 10017543
根據以上的可能是表rep_corp_vehicle_online_count的問題 做出如下測試：
查看表結構：
mysql> desc rep_corp_vehicle_online_count; +-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | corp_id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | | | vehicle_id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | | | online_day | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | | | loc_total | int(11) | NO | | NULL | | | create_time | datetime | NO | | NULL | | | update_time | datetime | NO | | NULL | | +-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看索引，只有主鍵索引：
mysql> show index from rep_corp_vehicle_online_count; +-------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+ | Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment | +-------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+ | rep_corp_vehicle_online_count | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | id | A | 1247259 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | | +-------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
代碼執行情況：
mysql>explain select * from rep_corp_vehicle_online_count where corp_id = 79 and vehicle_id = 10016911 and online_day = '2016-03-29'\G *************************** 1. row *************************** id: 1 select_type: SIMPLE table: rep_corp_vehicle_online_count type: ALL possible_keys: NULL key: NULL key_len: NULL ref: NULL rows: 1248495 Extra: Using where 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
表數據分析情況，重復數據很多：
mysql> select count(distinct corp_id) from rep_corp_vehicle_online_count; +-------------------------+ | count(distinct corp_id) | +-------------------------+ | 18 | +-------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.63 sec) mysql> select count(corp_id) from rep_corp_vehicle_online_count; +----------------+ | count(corp_id) | +----------------+ | 1239573 | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select count(distinct vehicle_id) from rep_corp_vehicle_online_count; +----------------------------+ | count(distinct vehicle_id) | +----------------------------+ | 2580 | +----------------------------+ 1 row in set (1.03 sec) mysql>explain select count(vehicle_id) from rep_corp_vehicle_online_count; +-------------------+ | count(vehicle_id) | +-------------------+ | 1239911 | +-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
最後處理，創建索引：
mysql> create index r_c_v on rep_corp_vehicle_online_count(corp_id,vehicle_id); Query OK, 1487993 rows affected (6.09 sec) Records: 1487993 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> show index from rep_corp_vehicle_online_count; +-------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+ | Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment | +-------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+ | rep_corp_vehicle_online_count | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | id | A | 1490176 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | | | rep_corp_vehicle_online_count | 1 | r_c_v | 1 | corp_id | A | 18 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | | | rep_corp_vehicle_online_count | 1 | r_c_v | 2 | vehicle_id | A | 2596 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | | +-------------------------------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
添加索引過後負載降低到了1.73：
以上內容是小編給大家介紹的Mysql數據庫之索引優化 ，希望對大家學習有所幫助！
