在同一台機器上搭建物理備用數據庫的步驟，linux環境 oracle 11.2.0.1
主庫：orcl
備庫：stby
1 檢查偵聽是否啟動
2 配置主備數據庫的初始化參數文件
sqlplus "/as sysdba"
create pfile='/home/oracle/initprim.ora' from spfile;
cp /home/oracle/initprim.ora /home/oracle/initstby.ora
vi /home/oracle/initprim.ora
orcl.__db_cache_size=104857600
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__oracle_base='/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=155189248
orcl.__sga_target=268435456
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=142606336
orcl.__streams_pool_size=4194304
*.audit_file_dest='/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/oradata/flash_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/oradata/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4039114752
*.diagnostic_dest='/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.memory_target=422576128
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.fal_client='prim'
*.fal_server='stby'
*.standby_file_management=auto
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/oradata/arch/orcl valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=prim'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=stby valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=stby'
*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME=prim
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(prim,stby)'
編輯備庫的參數文件
vi /home/oracle/initstby.ora
stby.__db_cache_size=104857600
stby.__java_pool_size=4194304
stby.__large_pool_size=4194304
stby.__oracle_base='/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
stby.__pga_aggregate_target=155189248
stby.__sga_target=268435456
stby.__shared_io_pool_size=0
stby.__shared_pool_size=142606336
stby.__streams_pool_size=4194304
*.audit_file_dest='/oracle/admin/stby/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/oradata/stby/control01.ctl','/oradata/flash_recovery_area/stby/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orcl' #<-- 在同一台機器上搭建dg 要與主庫的一樣 否則ora-01103
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/oradata/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4039114752
*.diagnostic_dest='/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=stbyXDB)'
*.memory_target=622576128
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/oradata/orcl','/oradata/stby'
*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/oradata/orcl','/oradata/stby'
*.fal_client='stby'
*.fal_server='prim'
*.standby_file_management=auto
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/oradata/arch/stby valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=stby'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=prim valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=prim'
*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME='stby'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(prim,stby)'
備份主庫
rman target /
backup database format '/u01/oradata/dbfull%U';
創建備庫控制文件
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
sqlplus "/as sysdba"
alter database create standby controlfile as '/oradata/stby/stbycontrol.ctl';
cp /oradata/stby/stbycontrol.ctl /oradata/stby/control01.ctl
cp /oradata/stby/stbycontrol.ctl /oradata/flash_recovery_area/stby/control02.ctl
處理備庫
export ORACLE_SID=stby
orapwd file=/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwstby password=oracle entries=5 ignorecase=y #一定要加ignorecase=y 要不然歸檔傳不到備用庫上
sqlplus "/as sysdba"
startup nomount
alter database mount;
rman target /
restore database;
重啟主庫
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
sqlplus "/as sysdba"
shutdown immediate
startup pfile='/home/oracle/initprim.ora'
配置tnsnames.ora(因為在同一台機器上，所以就改這一個文件)
orcl =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = orcl)
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
)
)
stby =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = stby)
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
)
)
將備庫置於接收歸檔日志狀態
export ORACLE_SID=stby
sqlplus "/as sysdba"
alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
過一會兒檢查是否收到日志
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
sqlplus "/as sysdba"
select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log; --查看歸檔日志序列號
alter system switch logfile;
alter system switch logfile;
export ORACLE_SID=stby
sqlplus "/as sysdba"
select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log order by 1; --查看歸檔日志序列號
主備庫角色切換
角色切換
步驟1：驗證主庫能否進行角色切換，TO STANDBY表示可以進行
SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;
SWITCHOVER_STATUS
-----------------
TO STANDBY
步驟2：在主庫上執行角色切換到從庫角色
SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY;
步驟3：關閉並重新啟動之前的主庫實例
SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT
步驟4：在備庫的V$DATABASE視圖中查看備庫的切換狀態
SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;
SWITCHOVER_STATUS
-----------------
TO_PRIMARY
步驟5：切換備庫到主庫角色
SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY;
步驟6：完成備庫到主庫的切換
1. 如果備庫沒有以只讀模式打開，直接執行以下語句打開到新的主庫。
SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
2. 如果備庫以只讀模式打開，先關閉數據，然後再重新啟動。
SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
SQL> STARTUP;
步驟7：如果有必要，重新啟動一下新的備庫上的重做日志應用服務
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
(注：可以通過select message from v$dataguard_status;查看當前備庫應用重做日志的狀態)
步驟8：開始發送重做數據到備庫上
Issue the following statement on the new primary database:
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;
備注：
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE;
如果有缺失的歸檔日志文件，手工考背後，在備庫上：
ALTER DATABASE REGISTER PHYSICAL LOGFILE 'filespec1';
FORCE 關鍵詞終止目標物理備數據庫上活動的RFS 進程，使得故障轉移能不用等待網絡連接超時而立即進行。
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE FINISH FORCE;
