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SQLite 語法

編輯:Sqlite數據庫入門

SQLite 語法

SQLite 是遵循一套獨特的稱為語法的規則和准則。本教程列出了所有基本的 SQLite 語法,向您提供了一個 SQLite 快速入門。

大小寫敏感性

有個重要的點值得注意,SQLite 是不區分大小寫的,但也有一些命令是大小寫敏感的,比如 GLOBglob 在 SQLite 的語句中有不同的含義。

注釋

SQLite 注釋是附加的注釋,可以在 SQLite 代碼中添加注釋以增加其可讀性,他們可以出現在任何空白處,包括在表達式內和其他 SQL 語句的中間,但它們不能嵌套。

SQL 注釋以兩個連續的 "-" 字符(ASCII 0x2d)開始,並擴展至下一個換行符(ASCII 0x0a)或直到輸入結束,以先到者為准。

您也可以使用 C 風格的注釋,以 "/*" 開始,並擴展至下一個 "*/" 字符對或直到輸入結束,以先到者為准。SQLite的注釋可以跨越多行。

sqlite>.help -- This is a single line comment

SQLite 語句

所有的 SQLite 語句可以以任何關鍵字開始,如 SELECT、INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE、ALTER、DROP 等,所有的語句以分號(;)結束。

SQLite ANALYZE 語句:

ANALYZE;
or
ANALYZE database_name;
or
ANALYZE database_name.table_name;

SQLite AND/OR 子句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION-1 {AND|OR} CONDITION-2;

SQLite ALTER TABLE 語句:

ALTER TABLE table_name ADD COLUMN column_def...;

SQLite ALTER TABLE 語句(Rename):

ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_table_name;

SQLite ATTACH DATABASE 語句:

ATTACH DATABASE 'DatabaseName' As 'Alias-Name';

SQLite BEGIN TRANSACTION 語句:

BEGIN;
or
BEGIN EXCLUSIVE TRANSACTION;

SQLite BETWEEN 子句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  column_name BETWEEN val-1 AND val-2;

SQLite COMMIT 語句:

COMMIT;

SQLite CREATE INDEX 語句:

CREATE INDEX index_name
ON table_name ( column_name COLLATE NOCASE );

SQLite CREATE UNIQUE INDEX 語句:

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
ON table_name ( column1, column2,...columnN);

SQLite CREATE TABLE 語句:

CREATE TABLE table_name(
   column1 datatype,
   column2 datatype,
   column3 datatype,
   .....
   columnN datatype,
   PRIMARY KEY( one or more columns )
);

SQLite CREATE TRIGGER 語句:

CREATE TRIGGER database_name.trigger_name 
BEFORE INSERT ON table_name FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN 
   stmt1; 
   stmt2;
   ....
END;

SQLite CREATE VIEW 語句:

CREATE VIEW database_name.view_name  AS
SELECT statement....;

SQLite CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE 語句:

CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE database_name.table_name USING weblog( access.log );
or
CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE database_name.table_name USING fts3( );

SQLite COMMIT TRANSACTION 語句:

COMMIT;

SQLite COUNT 子句:

SELECT COUNT(column_name)
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION;

SQLite DELETE 語句:

DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE  {CONDITION};

SQLite DETACH DATABASE 語句:

DETACH DATABASE 'Alias-Name';

SQLite DISTINCT 子句:

SELECT DISTINCT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name;

SQLite DROP INDEX 語句:

DROP INDEX database_name.index_name;

SQLite DROP TABLE 語句:

DROP TABLE database_name.table_name;

SQLite DROP VIEW 語句:

DROP VIEW view_name;

SQLite DROP TRIGGER 語句:

DROP TRIGGER trigger_name

SQLite EXISTS 子句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  column_name EXISTS (SELECT * FROM   table_name );

SQLite EXPLAIN 語句:

EXPLAIN INSERT statement...;
or 
EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT statement...;

SQLite GLOB 子句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  column_name GLOB { PATTERN };

SQLite GROUP BY 子句:

SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION
GROUP BY column_name;

SQLite HAVING 子句:

SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION
GROUP BY column_name
HAVING (arithematic function condition);

SQLite INSERT INTO 語句:

INSERT INTO table_name( column1, column2....columnN)
VALUES ( value1, value2....valueN);

SQLite IN 子句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  column_name IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);

SQLite Like 子句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  column_name LIKE { PATTERN };

SQLite NOT IN 子句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  column_name NOT IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);

SQLite ORDER BY 子句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION
ORDER BY column_name {ASC|DESC};

SQLite PRAGMA 語句:

PRAGMA pragma_name;

For example:

PRAGMA page_size;
PRAGMA cache_size = 1024;
PRAGMA table_info(table_name);

SQLite RELEASE SAVEPOINT 語句:

RELEASE savepoint_name;

SQLite REINDEX 語句:

REINDEX collation_name;
REINDEX database_name.index_name;
REINDEX database_name.table_name;

SQLite ROLLBACK 語句:

ROLLBACK;
or
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;

SQLite SAVEPOINT 語句:

SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;

SQLite SELECT 語句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name;

SQLite UPDATE 語句:

UPDATE table_name
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2....columnN=valueN
[ WHERE  CONDITION ];

SQLite VACUUM 語句:

VACUUM;

SQLite WHERE 子句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION;
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