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Galaxy (hdu 5073 數學)

編輯：C++入門知識

Galaxy (hdu 5073 數學)

Galaxy

Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 262144/262144 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 827 Accepted Submission(s): 201
Special Judge

Problem Description Good news for us: to release the financial pressure, the government started selling galaxies and we can buy them from now on! The first one who bought a galaxy was Tianming Yun and he gave it to Xin Cheng as a present.

To be fashionable, DRD also bought himself a galaxy. He named it Rho Galaxy. There are n stars in Rho Galaxy, and they have the same weight, namely one unit weight, and a negligible volume. They initially lie in a line rotating around their center of mass.

Everything runs well except one thing. DRD thinks that the galaxy rotates too slow. As we know, to increase the angular speed with the same angular momentum, we have to decrease the moment of inertia.

The moment of inertia I of a set of n stars can be calculated with the fZ喎?http://www.Bkjia.com/kf/ware/vc/" target="_blank" class="keylink">vcm11bGE8YnI+Cjxicj4KPGNlbnRlcj48aW1nIHNyYz0="http://www.2cto.com/uploadfile/Collfiles/20141024/20141024091815318.jpg" alt="\">
where w_i is the weight of star i, d_i is the distance form star i to the mass of center.

As DRD’s friend, ATM, who bought M78 Galaxy, wants to help him. ATM creates some black holes and white holes so that he can transport stars in a negligible time. After transportation, the n stars will also rotate around their new center of mass. Due to financial pressure, ATM can only transport at most k stars. Since volumes of the stars are negligible, two or more stars can be transported to the same position.

Now, you are supposed to calculate the minimum moment of inertia after transportation.
Input The first line contains an integer T (T ≤ 10), denoting the number of the test cases.

For each test case, the first line contains two integers, n(1 ≤ n ≤ 50000) and k(0 ≤ k ≤ n), as mentioned above. The next line contains n integers representing the positions of the stars. The absolute values of positions will be no more than 50000.
Output For each test case, output one real number in one line representing the minimum moment of inertia. Your answer will be considered correct if and only if its absolute or relative error is less than 1e-9.
Sample Input

Sample Output

0
0.5

Source 2014 Asia AnShan Regional Contest
題意：數軸上有n個點，每個點重量1 ，可以移動其中k個點到任何位置，使得題中式子的值最小。
思路：具體推導過程看這位大神~ 代碼：

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#pragma comment (linker,"/STACK:102400000,102400000")
#define maxn 50050
#define MAXN 2005
#define mod 1000000009
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
#define pi acos(-1.0)
#define eps 1e-6
typedef long long ll;
using namespace std;

double a[maxn];

int main()
{
    int n,k,cas;
    double t,sum1,sum2;
    scanf("%d",&cas);
    while (cas--)
    {
        scanf("%d%d",&n,&k);
        sum1=0.0;
        sum2=0.0;
        for (int i=1;i<=n;i++)
            scanf("%lf",&a[i]);
        if (n==1||n==k||k==(n-1))
        {
            printf("0.00000000000\n");
            continue;
        }
        sort(a+1,a+n+1);
        for (int i=1;i<=n-k;i++)
        {
            sum1+=a[i];
            sum2+=a[i]*a[i];
        }
        double ans=(n-k)*sum2-sum1*sum1;
        for (int i=1;i<=k;i++)
        {
            sum1=sum1+a[n-k+i]-a[i];
            sum2=sum2+a[n-k+i]*a[n-k+i]-a[i]*a[i];
            double temp=(n-k)*sum2-sum1*sum1;
            if (temp