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 程式師世界 >> 編程語言 >> .NET網頁編程 >> C# >> 關於C# >> C#多線程編程起步

C#多線程編程起步

編輯:關於C#

.NET將關於多線程的功能定義在System.Threading名字空間中。因此,要使用多線程,必須先聲明引用此名字空間(using System.Threading;)。

即使你沒有編寫多線程應用程序的經驗,也可能聽說過“啟動線程”“殺死線程”這些詞,其實除了這兩個外,涉及多線程方面的還有諸如“暫停線程”“優先級”“掛起線程”“恢復線程”等等。下面將一個一個的解釋。

a.啟動線程

顧名思義,“啟動線程”就是新建並啟動一個線程的意思,如下代碼可實現:

Thread thread1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart( Count));

其中的 Count 是將要被新線程執行的函數。

b.殺死線程

“殺死線程”就是將一線程斬草除根,為了不白費力氣,在殺死一個線程前最好先判斷它是否還活著(通過 IsAlive 屬性),然後就可以調用 Abort 方法來殺死此線程。

c.暫停線程

它的意思就是讓一個正在運行的線程休眠一段時間。如 thread.Sleep(1000); 就是讓線程休眠1秒鐘。

d.優先級

這個用不著解釋了。Thread類中有一個ThreadPriority屬性,它用來設置優先級,但不能保證操作系統會接受該優先級。一個線程的優先級可 分為5種:Normal, AboveNormal, BelowNormal, Highest, Lowest。具體實現例子如下:

thread.Priority = ThreadPriority.Highest;

e.掛起線程

Thread類的Suspend方法用來掛起線程,知道調用Resume,此線程才可以繼續執行。如果線程已經掛起,那就不會起作用。

if (thread.ThreadState = ThreadState.Running)
{
 thread.Suspend();
}

f.恢復線程

用來恢復已經掛起的線程,以讓它繼續執行,如果線程沒掛起,也不會起作用。

if (thread.ThreadState = ThreadState.Suspended)
{
 thread.Resume();
}

下面將列出一個例子,以說明簡單的線程處理功能。此例子來自於幫助文檔。

using System;
using System.Threading;
// Simple threading scenario: Start a static method running
// on a second thread.
public class ThreadExample {
 // The ThreadProc method is called when the thread starts.
 // It loops ten times, writing to the console and yielding
 // the rest of its time slice each time, and then ends.
 public static void ThreadProc() {
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
   Console.WriteLine("ThreadProc: {0}", i);
   // Yield the rest of the time slice.
   Thread.Sleep(0);
  }
 }
 public static void Main() {
  Console.WriteLine("Main thread: Start a second thread.");
  // The constructor for the Thread class requires a ThreadStart
  // delegate that represents the method to be executed on the
  // thread. C# simplifies the creation of this delegate.
  Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ThreadProc));
  // Start ThreadProc. On a uniprocessor, the thread does not get
  // any processor time until the main thread yields. Uncomment
  // the Thread.Sleep that follows t.Start() to see the difference.
  t.Start();
  //Thread.Sleep(0);
  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
   Console.WriteLine("Main thread: Do some work.");
   Thread.Sleep(0);
  }
  Console.WriteLine("Main thread: Call Join(), to wait until ThreadProc ends.");
  t.Join();
  Console.WriteLine("Main thread: ThreadProc.Join has returned. Press Enter to end program.");
  Console.ReadLine();
 }
}

此代碼產生的輸出類似如下內容:

Main thread: Start a second thread.
Main thread: Do some work.
ThreadProc: 0
Main thread: Do some work.
ThreadProc: 1
Main thread: Do some work.
ThreadProc: 2
Main thread: Do some work.
ThreadProc: 3
Main thread: Call Join(), to wait until ThreadProc ends.
ThreadProc: 4
ThreadProc: 5
ThreadProc: 6
ThreadProc: 7
ThreadProc: 8
ThreadProc: 9
Main thread: ThreadProc.Join has returned. Press Enter to end program.

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