Swift數組詳細用法解析

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一、闡明

Swift數組中的類型必需分歧，這一點與OC不同

// 數組初始化
var numbers = [0,1,2,3,4,5]
var vowels = ["A","E","I","O","U"]

// 數組的類型： [Int] 或許 Array<Int>
//var numbers: [Int] = [0,1,2,3,4,5]
//var numbers: Array<Int> = [0,1,2,3,4,5]

// 空數組
var emptyArray1:[Int] = []
var emptyArray2:Array<Int> = []
var emptyArray3 = [Int]()
var emptyArray4 = Array<Int>()

// 創立具有默許值的數組(相反元素的數組)
var allZeros = Array<Int>(repeating: 0, count: 5)
//[0,0,0,0,0]
var allZeros2 = [Int](repeating: 0, count: 5)
//[0,0,0,0,0]

二、常用辦法

var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5]
var vowels = ["A","E","I","O","U"]
var emptyArray = [Int]()


// 數組長度
vowels.count


// 判空
numbers.isEmpty
emptyArray.isEmpty


// 獲取元素
vowels[2]
// 數組越界是一個嚴重的錯誤
//vowels[-1]
//vowels[5]


// 獲取第一個元素和最後一個元素，前往的是可選型
vowels.first 
vowels.last  //.first和.last的前往值都為可選型
emptyArray.first

if let firstVowel = vowels.first{
  print("The first vowel is " + firstVowel)
}

vowels.first!

vowels[vowels.count-1]

// 獲取最小，最大值
numbers.min() //1
vowels.max() //U


// 運用范圍
numbers[2..<4] //[3,4]
numbers[2..<numbers.count] //[3,4,5]


// 包括
vowels.contains("A")
vowels.contains("B")

let letter = "A"
if vowels.contains( letter ){
  print("\(letter) is a vowel")
}
else{
  print("\(letter) is not a vowel")
}


vowels.index(of: "E") //獲取索引，前往值為可選型

if let index = vowels.index(of: "E"){
  print("E is a vowel in position \(index+1).")
}
else{
  print("E is not a vowel.")
}


// 遍歷
for index in 0..<numbers.count{
  numbers[index]
}

for number in numbers{
  print(number)
}

for (index, vowel) in vowels.enumerated(){
  //遍歷數組索引和元素
  print("\(index+1): \(vowel)")
}


// 比擬
var oneToFive = [1,2,3,4,5]
numbers == oneToFive //true

var oneToFive2 = [1,2,4,3,5]
numbers == oneToFive //true

//swift 3.0之前數組是有序的數據集合，swift 3.0後為無序

三、更多操作

var courses = ["A","B","C"]

// 添加元素
courses.append("D") //["A","B","C","D"]
print(courses)

// 數組常量
//運用let定義的數組不可以更改任何內容

courses += ["E"] //+=前面必需和後面的類型分歧 //["A","B","C","D","E"]
print(courses)

// 兩個數組相加
courses = courses + ["F","G"] //+前面必需是數組
//["A","B","C","D","E","F","G"]
print(courses)

courses.insert("Q", at: 5) 
//["A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "Q", "F", "G"]
print(courses)


// 刪除元素
courses.removeLast()
//["A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "Q", "F"]
print(courses)

courses.removeFirst()
//["B", "C", "D", "E", "Q", "F"]
print(courses)

courses.remove(at: 4)
//["B", "C", "D", "E", "F"]
//courses.removeAtIndex(10)
print(courses)


//區間刪除操作
//courses.removeRange(0..<4)
//courses.removeRange(0..<10)
//print(courses)

//courses.removeAll()
//print(courses)


// 修正元素
courses[0] = "W"
//["W", "C", "D", "E", "F"]
print(courses)
//范圍修正
courses[1...3] = ["W","W","W"]
//["W", "W", "W", "W", "F"]
print(courses)

courses[0...3] = ["W"]
//["W", "F"]
print(courses)

四、二維數組

var board = [ [1024,16,2,0] , [256,4,2,0] , [64,2,0,0] , [2,0,0,0] ]
//var board:[[Int]] = [ [1024,16,2,0] , [256,4,2,0] , [64,2,0,0] , [2,0,0,0] ]
//var board:[Array<Int>] = = [ [1024,16,2,0] , [256,4,2,0] , [64,2,0,0] , [2,0,0,0] ]
//var board:Array<[Int]> = [ [1024,16,2,0] , [256,4,2,0] , [64,2,0,0] , [2,0,0,0] ]
//var board:Array<Array<Int>> = [ [1024,16,2,0] , [256,4,2,0] , [64,2,0,0] , [2,0,0,0] ]


// 二維數組獲取元素
board[0]
board[0][0]


// 獲取二維數組兩個維度的信息
board.count
board[0].count


// Swift中的二維數組，每一維度的元素數目可以不同
board[0].append(0)
board


// 為二維數組的第一個維度添加的元素是一個數組
board.append([0,0,0,0])
board += [ [0,0,0,0] ]
board

五、NSArray

NSArray是一個類，Array是一個構造體

var array1 = [] //會默許是NSArray,swift3.0之後該寫法廢棄

var array2 = [1,2,3,4,5] as NSArray

var array3: NSArray = [1,"hello"]

var array4: [NSObject] = [1 as NSObject,"hello" as NSObject]

以上就是本文的全部內容，希望對大家的學習有所協助，也希望大家多多支持。