Python辦公自動化，五分鐘掌握openpyxl操作

各種數據需要導入Excel？多個Excel要合並？目前，Python處理Excel文件有很多庫，openpyxl算是其中功能和性能做的比較好的一個。接下來我將為大家介紹各種Excel操作。

看到最後有大收獲哦！

1、打開Excel文件

新建一個Excel文件

>>> from openpyxl import Workbook
>>> wb = Workbook()

打開現有Excel文件

>>> from openpyxl import load_workbook
>>> wb2 = load_workbook('test.xlsx')

打開大文件時，根據需求使用只讀或只寫模式減少內存消耗。

wb = load_workbook(filename='large_file.xlsx', read_only=True)
wb = Workbook(write_only=True)

2、獲取、創建工作表

獲取當前活動工作表：

>>> ws = wb.active

創建新的工作表：

>>> ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") # insert at the end (default)
# or
>>> ws2 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", 0) # insert at first position
# or
>>> ws3 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", -1) # insert at the penultimate position

使用工作表名字獲取工作表：

>>> ws3 = wb["New Title"]

獲取所有的工作表名稱：

>>> print(wb.sheetnames)
['Sheet2', 'New Title', 'Sheet1']
使用for循環遍歷所有的工作表：
>>> for sheet in wb:
... print(sheet.title)

保存到流中在網絡中使用：

>>> from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
>>> from openpyxl import Workbook
>>> wb = Workbook()
>>> with NamedTemporaryFile() as tmp:
wb.save(tmp.name)
tmp.seek(0)
stream = tmp.read()
保存到文件：
>>> wb = Workbook()
>>> wb.save('balances.xlsx')
保存為模板：
>>> wb = load_workbook('document.xlsx')
>>> wb.template = True
>>> wb.save('document_template.xltx')

4、單元格

單元格位置作為工作表的鍵直接讀取：

>>> c = ws['A4']

為單元格賦值：

>>> ws['A4'] = 4
>>> c.value = 'hello, world'

多個單元格 可以使用切片訪問單元格區域：

>>> cell_range = ws['A1':'C2']

使用數值格式：

>>> # set date using a Python datetime
>>> ws['A1'] = datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 21)
>>>
>>> ws['A1'].number_format
'yyyy-mm-dd h:mm:ss'

使用公式：

>>> # add a simple formula
>>> ws["A1"] = "=SUM(1, 1)"

合並單元格時，除左上角單元格外，所有單元格都將從工作表中刪除：

>>> ws.merge_cells('A2:D2')
>>> ws.unmerge_cells('A2:D2')
>>>
>>> # or equivalently
>>> ws.merge_cells(start_row=2, start_column=1, end_row=4, end_column=4)
>>> ws.unmerge_cells(start_row=2, start_column=1, end_row=4, end_column=4)

5、行、列

可以單獨指定行、列、或者行列的范圍：

>>> colC = ws['C']
>>> col_range = ws['C:D']
>>> row10 = ws[10]
>>> row_range = ws[5:10]

可以使用Worksheet.iter_rows()方法遍歷行：

>>> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2):
... for cell in row:
... print(cell)
<Cell Sheet1.A1>
<Cell Sheet1.B1>
<Cell Sheet1.C1>
<Cell Sheet1.A2>
<Cell Sheet1.B2>
<Cell Sheet1.C2>

同樣的Worksheet.iter_cols()方法將遍歷列：

>>> for col in ws.iter_cols(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2):
... for cell in col:
... print(cell)
<Cell Sheet1.A1>
<Cell Sheet1.A2>
<Cell Sheet1.B1>
<Cell Sheet1.B2>
<Cell Sheet1.C1>
<Cell Sheet1.C2>

遍歷文件的所有行或列，可以使用Worksheet.rows屬性：

>>> ws = wb.active
>>> ws['C9'] = 'hello world'
>>> tuple(ws.rows)
((<Cell Sheet.A1>, <Cell Sheet.B1>, <Cell Sheet.C1>),
(<Cell Sheet.A2>, <Cell Sheet.B2>, <Cell Sheet.C2>),
(<Cell Sheet.A3>, <Cell Sheet.B3>, <Cell Sheet.C3>),
(<Cell Sheet.A4>, <Cell Sheet.B4>, <Cell Sheet.C4>),
(<Cell Sheet.A5>, <Cell Sheet.B5>, <Cell Sheet.C5>),
(<Cell Sheet.A6>, <Cell Sheet.B6>, <Cell Sheet.C6>),
(<Cell Sheet.A7>, <Cell Sheet.B7>, <Cell Sheet.C7>),
(<Cell Sheet.A8>, <Cell Sheet.B8>, <Cell Sheet.C8>),
(<Cell Sheet.A9>, <Cell Sheet.B9>, <Cell Sheet.C9>))

或Worksheet.columns屬性：

>>> tuple(ws.columns)
((<Cell Sheet.A1>,
<Cell Sheet.A2>,
<Cell Sheet.A3>,
<Cell Sheet.A4>,
<Cell Sheet.A5>,
<Cell Sheet.A6>,
...
<Cell Sheet.B7>,
<Cell Sheet.B8>,
<Cell Sheet.B9>),
(<Cell Sheet.C1>,
<Cell Sheet.C2>,
<Cell Sheet.C3>,
<Cell Sheet.C4>,
<Cell Sheet.C5>,
<Cell Sheet.C6>,
<Cell Sheet.C7>,
<Cell Sheet.C8>,
<Cell Sheet.C9>))

使用Worksheet.append()或者迭代使用Worksheet.cell()新增一行數據：

>>> for row in range(1, 40):
... ws1.append(range(600))
>>> for row in range(10, 20):
... for col in range(27, 54):
... _ = ws3.cell(column=col, row=row, value="{0}".format(get_column_letter(col)))

插入操作比較麻煩。可以使用Worksheet.insert_rows()插入一行或幾行：

>>> from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter
>>> ws.insert_rows(7)
>>> row7 = ws[7]
>>> for col in range(27, 54):
... _ = ws3.cell(column=col, row=7, value="{0}".format(get_column_letter(col)))
Worksheet.insert_cols()操作類似。Worksheet.delete_rows()和Worksheet.delete_cols()用來批量刪除行和列。

6、只讀取值

使用Worksheet.values屬性遍歷工作表中的所有行，但只返回單元格值：

for row in ws.values:
for value in row:
print(value)

Worksheet.iter_rows()和Worksheet.iter_cols()可以設置values_only參數來僅返回單元格的值：

>>> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2, values_only=True):
... print(row)
(None, None, None)
(None, None, None)

點擊 Python辦公自動化+Excel 讓數據飛起來！