The speed of technology iteration is getting faster and faster , This is especially evident in the update and change of programming language . Not long ago ,Python developers Anaconda Released PyScript, Give Way Python Applications can run in browsers . In recent days , Developers use the same idea to make Go It can also run on the browser .
as everyone knows , Every language has its own characteristics , There is no substitute for each other .Python and Go These two languages are very popular nowadays . Technically speaking ,Go It is a procedural functional language built for speed , and Python It's an object-oriented 、 imperative 、 Functional and procedural languages .Go Support concurrency , That is, the algorithm can run its steps disorderly , and Python I won't support it .
From the latest issue of TIOBE The programming language rankings show ,Python Still firmly at the top of the list ,Go It ranks No 14 position .
“Python The most powerful , and Go The fastest ”, This should represent the voice of most programmers . in fact ,Python and Go Both languages have their own advantages , But in terms of popularity Python But it has the upper hand . Why? Go There is no language Python Popular ？
Want to explore the issue of popularity , It can be seen from the beginning of language .
Python yes 1991 Years of , Users of the , It has a large number of complete and detailed documents , Almost all libraries have official use documents , There are a lot of open source projects , Use Python, You can reuse the previous experience document code , therefore Python It can be well integrated into enterprise applications .
Go yes 2009 Developed by Google in , It is mainly used to solve the heavy burden of other programming languages and over designed languages , Although it has high performance and speed , But some functions are discarded , For example, it has no powerful library , Inheritance is not supported , Object oriented programming is not supported , This makes it ideal for lightweight threading implementations .
It should be noted that ,Python Produced earlier , More people use , Thus, there are more instruction documents and project codes , This promotes more and more people to use , A positive cycle is formed . and Go Although there are many advantages , But it is not suitable for heavyweight projects , There is not a large number of libraries , Object oriented programming is not possible , It basically cuts off the possibility of making it popular . Next, let's look at the difference between the two .
1、 grammar ：Python The syntax of uses indentation to indicate code blocks ,Go The language of is based on opening and closing parentheses .
2、 Example ：Python It is a multi paradigm based on object oriented programming , Imperative and functional programming languages . It always insists on ： If a language shows a certain way in some situations , Ideally, it should have a similar effect in all situations . But it is not pure OOP Language , It doesn't support strong encapsulation .Go It is a process programming language based on concurrent programming paradigm , It is associated with C Having surface similarity , actually ,Go More like C Updated version of .
3、 Concurrent ：Go Have built-in concurrency mechanism , and Python There is no built-in concurrency mechanism .
4、 Typification ：Python Is a dynamically typed language , and Go Is a statically typed language , It actually helps catch errors at compile time , This can further reduce serious errors in the later stages of production .
5、 usage ：Python More for Web Applications , It's great for solving data science problems .Go More around system programming , namely Go It's more like a system language .
6、 Security ：Python Is a strong type of language , It is compiled , So it adds a layer of security .Go Has a type assigned to each variable , therefore , It provides security . however , If anything goes wrong , Users need to run the whole code themselves .
7、 Manage memory ：Go Allows programmers to manage memory to a large extent . and Python Memory management in is fully automated and controlled by PythonVM management , It doesn't allow programmers to be responsible for memory management .
8、 library ： And Go comparison ,Python The number of libraries provided is much larger .
9、 Speed ：Go It's much faster than Python.
It's not difficult to find out by comparison , Both languages have their own advantages , Each has its own shortcomings . The popularity of a language , Need to have enough advantages , And the shortcomings are not fatal enough .
1、 Grammar is simple
And traditional C/C++、C# Equal language comparison ,Python The requirements for code format are not so strict , This looseness makes users more comfortable when writing code , Don't spend too much energy on details .
Python Is a programming language that represents minimalism , Read a beautifully arranged Python Code , It's like reading an English paragraph , Very close to human language , So people often say ,Python Is a programming language with pseudo code characteristics . Pseudocode must be clearly structured 、 The code is simple 、 Good readability , And similar to natural language .
2、 Open source and free
Mainly in two aspects ： First, programmers use Python The code is open source ; Two is Python Interpreters and modules are open source . The advantage of open source is , There is always a small group of people , They may not be attracted to fame and wealth , Or to achieve some purpose , Will continue to strengthen and improve Python.
3、 Cross platform
Python It's essentially using C Written , Yes C Where compilers are Python Interpreter . For those who have been around the world for decades C Come on , Already have a large number of adaptive platforms . As an interpretative language ,Python It can be cross platform , Better portability .
4、 Powerful （ There are many modules ）
Python There are many modules , Basically realized all the common functions , From simple string processing , To complex 3D Graph drawing , With the help of Python Modules can be easily completed .
Python The community is developing well , except Python The official core module , Many third-party organizations are also involved in the development of modules , There is Google、Facebook、Microsoft And other software giants . Even some niche features ,Python There are often corresponding open source modules , There may even be more than one module .
5、 A wide range of uses
Python Applicable to website 、 Desktop application development , Automation script , Complex computing systems , Scientific Computing , The Internet of things , Game design , machine learning , Natural language processing and many other aspects . It aims to improve the development efficiency of programmers rather than the code they compile . because Python The program code is simple , So compared with other programming languages , It is easier to maintain the program later , More comfortable . From a business point of view , Cost reduction required , The efficiency of programmers is improved .
“ Life is too short , I use Python”, This is a very popular Mantra at present . But have you ever thought about it , Other languages really don't smell good ？ comparison Python,Go It has its own advantages .
1、 Simple deployment
Go Compiling generates a static executable file , except glibc No external dependence . This makes deployment extremely convenient ： Only a basic system and necessary management are needed on the target machine 、 Monitoring tools , There is no need to worry about the various packages required by the application 、 Library dependencies , Greatly reduced the burden of maintenance . This sum Python There's a huge difference . For historical reasons ,Python The deployment tool ecosystem is quite chaotic , such as setuptools,、istutils、ip、buildout And compatibility problems . official PyPI The source often has problems , You need to set up a private image , However, it takes a lot of time and energy to maintain this image .
2、 Good language design
From an academic point of view ,Go The language is very mediocre , Many advanced language features are not supported ; But from an engineering point of view ,Go The design of is excellent ： The specification is simple and flexible enough , Programmers with a foundation in other languages can get started quickly . what's more Go Bring your own perfect tool chain , Greatly improves the consistency of teamwork . such as Gofmt Automatic typesetting Go Code , Largely put an end to the different people write the code layout style is inconsistent . Configure the editor to run automatically when editing the archive Gofmt, So when you write code, you can place it at will , When archiving, it will automatically become the correct typesetting code . Besides, there are Gofix,Govet And other very useful tools .
3、 Faster performance and concurrency
stay Go and Python Between ,Go It is a certain fact that the implementation is much faster . This is because of the relationship with Python comparison ,Go Save more resources .Python Use threads with high resource requirements , and Go Use independent Goroutine, This helps to save CPU And memory . This resource efficiency not only helps improve performance , It can also be cost-effective .
4、 Extensibility
Go Has many built-in functions , Can handle multiple concurrent Web request , This in turn makes it an efficient language for compilers . When a language can handle multiple concurrent requests , It also has high scalability automatically . With the development of enterprises , The program used will need to do many things at once . therefore , With Go Support for back-end programs , Any growing business will be able to better handle scalability issues .
in general ,Go More to solve C or C+ The pain point problem when programmers write high concurrency programs . In terms of grammatical features ,Go It is mainly a minority language designed to serve high concurrency background server programs , It can't be a popular language . High concurrency and high development efficiency , Just as you can't have both fish and bear's paws .
Go and Python Are easy to use and learn .Go It's really fast , and Python There is a lot of community support . at present , stay Go The development of ,Go Mainly used for server-side applications .Python Is the preferred language for data scientists , And it's likely to last a long time .
From the use of R & D personnel , Use... In intelligent analysis Python There will be more compilations , In part of the basic level call capacity, we use Go More .
In terms of scalability ,Go Extensibility was considered at the beginning of creation . Its built-in concurrency allows multiple tasks to be processed simultaneously .Python Concurrency is also used , But not built-in , It parallelizes through threads . This means that if you're going to work with large datasets ,Go Should be a more suitable choice .
In terms of performance ,Python Not memory /CPU Friendly language , But it has a lot of Libraries , Can efficiently perform basic development tasks .Go With built-in functions , More suitable for microservice software architecture .
From an application point of view ,Python Suitable for artificial intelligence 、 Data analysis 、 Deep learning and Web Development tasks , and Go Suitable for system programming , Developers who implement cloud computing and cluster computing applications like to use Go.
From a community and library perspective ,Python Its history gives it certain advantages , It has a large number of Libraries , Have a large support community . and Go Language is still growing , Not so much library and community support . however Go The growth rate and adoption rate of language are amazing , Expanding every day .
At the executive level , If speed is king , that Go Far ahead .
After considering the above , Specific use cases will be the decisive factor in which language to use . Suppose your development team wants to create microservices , that Go Is a more reasonable choice , Because it's fast 、 Easy to program 、 Excellent scalability . and Python More suitable for AI、ML And data analysis tasks . When developers choose a programming language , The nature and scale of the development project should be considered , And the required skill set .
however , When choosing a language , Don't be too tangled . because Go and Python Both languages continue to evolve 、 Expansion and growth . It means , Whatever language you choose , Future developers will see more features and improvements in these languages . Let's wait and see ！
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