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 程式師世界 >> 編程語言 >> JAVA編程 >> 關於JAVA >> Java線程:深入ThreadLocal

Java線程:深入ThreadLocal

編輯:關於JAVA

ThreadLocal與線程成員變量還有區別,ThreadLocal該類提供了線程局部變量。這個局部變量與一般的成員變量不一樣,ThreadLocal的變量在被多個線程使用時候,每個線程只能拿到該變量的一個副本,這是Java API中的描述,通過閱讀API源碼,發現並非副本,副本什麼概念?克隆品? 或者是別的樣子,太模糊。

准確的說,應該是ThreadLocal類型的變量內部的注冊表(Map<Thread,T>)發生了變化,但ThreadLocal類型的變量本身的確是一個,這才是本質!

下面就做個例子:

一、標准例子

定義了MyThreadLocal類,創建它的一個對象tlt,分別給四個線程使用,結果四個線程tlt變量並沒有出現共用現象,二是各用各的,這說明,四個線程使用的是tlt的副本(克隆品)。

/**
* 使用了ThreadLocal的類
*
* @author leizhimin 2010-1-5 10:35:27
*/
public class MyThreadLocal {
         //定義了一個ThreadLocal變量,用來保存int或Integer數據
         private ThreadLocal<Integer> tl = new ThreadLocal<Integer>() {
                 @Override
                 protected Integer initialValue() {
                         return 0;
                 }
         };
         public Integer getNextNum() {
                 //將tl的值獲取後加1,並更新設置t1的值
                 tl.set(tl.get() + 1);
                 return tl.get();
         }
}

/**
* 測試線程
*
* @author leizhimin 2010-1-5 10:39:18
*/
public class TestThread extends Thread {
         private MyThreadLocal tlt = new MyThreadLocal();
         public TestThread(MyThreadLocal tlt) {
                 this.tlt = tlt;
         }
         @Override
         public void run() {
                 for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
                         System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + tlt.getNextNum());
                 }
         }
}

/**
* ThreadLocal測試
*
* @author leizhimin 2010-1-5 10:43:48
*/
public class Test {
         public static void main(String[] args) {
                 MyThreadLocal tlt = new MyThreadLocal();
                 Thread t1 = new TestThread(tlt);
                 Thread t2 = new TestThread(tlt);
                 Thread t3 = new TestThread(tlt);
                 Thread t4 = new TestThread(tlt);
                 t1.start();
                 t2.start();
                 t3.start();
                 t4.start();
         }
}

可以看出,三個線程各自獨立編號,互不影響:

Thread-0  1
Thread-1  1
Thread-0  2
Thread-1  2
Thread-0  3
Thread-1  3
Thread-2  1
Thread-3  1
Thread-2  2
Thread-3  2
Thread-2  3
Thread-3  3
Process finished with exit code 0

tlt對象是一個,廢話tl對象也是一個,因為組合關系是一對一的。但是tl對象內部的Map隨著線程的增多,會創建很多Integer對象。只是Integer和int已經通用了。所以感覺不到Integer的對象屬性。

二、不用ThreadLocal

假如不用ThreadLocal,只需要將MyThreadLocal類重新定義為:

/**
* 使用了ThreadLocal的類
*
* @author leizhimin 2010-1-5 10:35:27
*/
public class MyThreadLocal {
         private Integer t1 = 0;
         public Integer getNextNum(){
                 return t1=t1+1;
         }

//        //定義了一個ThreadLocal變量,用來保存int或Integer數據
//        private ThreadLocal<Integer> tl = new ThreadLocal<Integer>() {
//                @Override
//                protected Integer initialValue() {
//                        return 0;
//                }
//        };
//
//        public Integer getNextNum() {
//                //將tl的值獲取後加1,並更新設置t1的值
//                tl.set(tl.get() + 1);
//                return tl.get();
//        }
}

然後運行測試:

Thread-2  1
Thread-2  2
Thread-1  4
Thread-1  6
Thread-3  3
Thread-3  9
Thread-3  10
Thread-1  8
Thread-0  7
Thread-0  11
Thread-0  12
Thread-2  5 
Process finished with exit code 0

從這裡可以看出,四個線程共享了tlt變量,結果每個線程都直接修改tlt的屬性。

三、自己實現個ThreadLocal

package com.lavasoft.test2;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 使用了ThreadLocal的類
*
* @author leizhimin 2010-1-5 10:35:27
*/
public class MyThreadLocal {
         //定義了一個ThreadLocal變量,用來保存int或Integer數據
         private com.lavasoft.test2.ThreadLocal<Integer> tl = new com.lavasoft.test2.ThreadLocal<Integer>() {
                 @Override
                 protected Integer initialValue() {
                         return 0;
                 }
         };
         public Integer getNextNum() {
                 //將tl的值獲取後加1,並更新設置t1的值
                 tl.set(tl.get() + 1);
                 return tl.get();
         }
}
class ThreadLocal<T> {
         private Map<Thread, T> map = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<Thread, T>());
         public ThreadLocal() {
         }
         protected T initialValue() {
                 return null;
         }
         public T get() {
                 Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
                 T obj = map.get(t);
                 if (obj == null && !map.containsKey(t)) {
                         obj = initialValue();
                         map.put(t, obj);
                 }
                 return obj;
         }
         public void set(T value) {
                 map.put(Thread.currentThread(), value);
         }
         public void remove() {
                 map.remove(Thread.currentThread());
         }
}

運行測試:

Thread-0  1
Thread-0  2
Thread-0  3
Thread-2  1
Thread-2  2
Thread-3  1
Thread-2  3
Thread-3  2
Thread-1  1
Thread-3  3
Thread-1  2
Thread-1  3
Process finished with exit code 0

很意外,這個山寨版的ThreadLocal也同樣運行很好,實現了JavaAPI中ThreadLocal的功能。

四、透過現象看本質

其實從程序角度看,tlt變量的確是一個,毫無疑問的。但是為什麼打印出來的數字就互不影響呢?

是因為使用了Integer嗎?-----不是。

原因是:protected T initialValue()和get(),因為每個線程在調用get()時候,發現Map中不存在就創建。調用它的時候,就創建了一個新變量,類型為T。每次都新建,當然各用個的互不影響了。

為了看清本質,將Integer換掉,重寫部分類:

package com.lavasoft.test2;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 使用了ThreadLocal的類
*
* @author leizhimin 2010-1-5 10:35:27
*/
public class MyThreadLocal {
         //定義了一個ThreadLocal變量,用來保存int或Integer數據
         //        private ThreadLocal<Bean> tl = new ThreadLocal<Bean>() {
         private com.lavasoft.test2.ThreadLocal<Bean> tl = new com.lavasoft.test2.ThreadLocal<Bean>() {
                 @Override
                 protected Bean initialValue() {
                         return new Bean();
                 }
         };
         @Override
         public String toString() {
                 return "MyThreadLocal{" +
                                 "tl=" + tl +
                                 '}';
         }
         public Bean getBean() {
                 return tl.get();
         }
}
class ThreadLocal<T> {
         private Map<Thread, T> map = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<Thread, T>());
         public ThreadLocal() {
         }
         protected T initialValue() {
                 return null;
         }
         public T get() {
                 Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
                 T obj = map.get(t);
                 if (obj == null && !map.containsKey(t)) {
                         obj = initialValue();
                         map.put(t, obj);
                 }
                 return obj;
         }
         public void set(T value) {
                 map.put(Thread.currentThread(), value);
         }
         public void remove() {
                 map.remove(Thread.currentThread());
         }
}

package com.lavasoft.test2;
/**
* 測試Bean
*
* @author leizhimin 2010-1-5 14:18:26
*/
public class Bean {
         private String id = "0";
         private String name = "none";
         public Bean() {
         }
         public Bean(String id, String name) {
                 this.id = id;
                 this.name = name;
         }
         public String getId() {
                 return id;
         }
         public void setId(String id) {
                 this.id = id;
         }
         public String getName() {
                 return name;
         }
         public void setName(String name) {
                 this.name = name;
         }
         public String showinfo() {
                 return "Bean{" +
                                 "id='" + id + '\'' +
                                 ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                                 '}';
         }
}

package com.lavasoft.test2;
/**
* 測試線程
*
* @author leizhimin 2010-1-5 10:39:18
*/
public class TestThread extends Thread {
         private MyThreadLocal tlt = new MyThreadLocal();
         public TestThread(MyThreadLocal tlt) {
                 this.tlt = tlt;
         }
         @Override
         public void run() {
                 System.out.println(">>>>>:" + tlt);
                 for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
                         System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" +tlt.getBean()+"\t"+tlt.getBean().showinfo());
                 }
         }
}

然後運行測試:

>>>>>:MyThreadLocal{tl=com.lavasoft.test2.MyThreadLocal$1@1de3f2d}
>>>>>:MyThreadLocal{tl=com.lavasoft.test2.MyThreadLocal$1@1de3f2d}
>>>>>:MyThreadLocal{tl=com.lavasoft.test2.MyThreadLocal$1@1de3f2d}
>>>>>:MyThreadLocal{tl=com.lavasoft.test2.MyThreadLocal$1@1de3f2d}
Thread-1  com.lavasoft.test2.Bean@291aff  Bean{id='0', name='none'}
Thread-2  com.lavasoft.test2.Bean@fe64b9  Bean{id='0', name='none'}
Thread-3  com.lavasoft.test2.Bean@186db54  Bean{id='0', name='none'}
Thread-2  com.lavasoft.test2.Bean@fe64b9  Bean{id='0', name='none'}
Thread-2  com.lavasoft.test2.Bean@fe64b9  Bean{id='0', name='none'}
Thread-0  com.lavasoft.test2.Bean@291aff  Bean{id='0', name='none'}
Thread-3  com.lavasoft.test2.Bean@186db54  Bean{id='0', name='none'}
Thread-3  com.lavasoft.test2.Bean@186db54  Bean{id='0', name='none'}
Thread-1  com.lavasoft.test2.Bean@291aff  Bean{id='0', name='none'}
Thread-0  com.lavasoft.test2.Bean@291aff  Bean{id='0', name='none'}
Thread-0  com.lavasoft.test2.Bean@291aff  Bean{id='0', name='none'}
Thread-1  com.lavasoft.test2.Bean@291aff  Bean{id='0', name='none'}
Process finished with exit code 0

從打印結果很清楚的看到,MyThreadLocal的tlt對象的確是一個,tlt對象裡的ThreadLocal的tl對象也是一個,但是,將t1t給每個線程用的時候,線程會重新創建Bean對象加入到ThreadLocal的Map中去使用。

出處:http://lavasoft.blog.51cto.com/62575/258459

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