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 程式師世界 >> 編程語言 >> JAVA編程 >> 關於JAVA >> 利用JBuilder2005開發Web應用程序

利用JBuilder2005開發Web應用程序

編輯:關於JAVA

JBuilder是一個開放的Java IDE,它集成了Tomcat、Weblogic等服務器。雖然JDK、Tomcat、Weblogic不斷升級,我們仍可以在JBuilder中使用它們的最新版本。由於Tomcat服務器的配置比較復雜,習慣了Windows平台的程序員常常對Tomcat的使用感到困惑。本文給出了一個使用Tomcat環境下的數據庫連接池Database Connection Pool (DBCP) 的例子,說明了用JBuilder開發Web應用的一般步驟,並回答了一些經常遇到的問題。

JBuilder2005所帶JDK的版本是1.4.2_04-b05,其文件放在目錄JBuilder_HOME\jdk1.4下,Tomcat的最新版本是5.0.27,其文件放在目錄JBuilder_HOME\thirdparty\ jakarta-tomcat-5.0.27下。下面首先給出給出了一個使用Tomcat環境下的數據庫連接池Database Connection Pool (DBCP) 的例子。

1.File-New Project新建工程文件,輸入工程文件名稱myWeb和目錄C:\myWeb

2.Project-Project Properties設置工程文件的屬性,選擇Tomcat為服務器

3.File-New新建Web Module(WAR)

輸入Web Module的名稱DBTest和目錄DBTest

4.File-New新建JSP,輸入jsp文件的名稱test.jsp,產生test.jsp文件後修改test.jsp的內容

Test.jsp:

<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=Big5" %>
<html>
<head>
 <title>DB Test</title>
</head>
<body>
 <%
  foo.DBTest tst = new foo.DBTest();
  tst.init();
 %>
 <h2>Results</h2>
 Foo <%= tst.getFoo() %><br/>
 Bar <%= tst.getBar() %>
</body>
</html>

將會生成一個名稱為test的runtime configuration。

選Run-Configurations-Edit可修改runtime configuration,特別是可以指定服務器的端口號和是否自動搜索為被占用的端口。

5.File-New Class,輸入類名DBTest和包名foo,產生DBTest.java文件後修改它的內容

DBTest.java

package foo;
import javax.naming.*;
import javax.sql.*;
import java.sql.*;
public class DBTest {
 String foo = "Not Connected";
 int bar = -1;
 public void init() {
  try{
   Context ctx = new InitialContext();
   if(ctx == null )
    throw new Exception("Boom - No Context");
    DataSource ds =(DataSource)ctx.lookup("java:comp/env/jdbc/TestDB");
    if (ds != null) {
     Connection conn = ds.getConnection();
     if(conn != null) {
      foo = "Got Connection "+conn.toString();
      Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
      ResultSet rst =stmt.executeQuery("select id, foo, bar from testdata");
      if(rst.next()) {
       foo=rst.getString(2);
       bar=rst.getInt(3);
      }
      conn.close();
     }
    }
   }catch(Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
   }
  }
 public String getFoo() { return foo; }
 public int getBar() { return bar;}
}

6.修改web.xml的內容

web.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" version="2.4">
 <description>MySQL Test App</description>
 <resource-ref>
  <description>DB Connection</description>
  <res-ref-name>jdbc/TestDB</res-ref-name>
  <res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>
  <res-auth>Container</res-auth>
 </resource-ref>
</web-app>

7.F9運行應用,myWeb目錄中將會生成Tomcat子目錄,其中包含了conf子目錄,

在Tomcat_HOME\conf\Catalina\localhost目錄中生成了DBTest.xml文件

8.將myWeb\Tomcat\conf目錄中的文件server8080.xml加入工程文件,修改server8080.xml的內容

server8080.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Server debug="0" port="8081" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<Service name="Catalina">
 <Connector acceptCount="10" connectionTimeout="60000" debug="0" maxThreads="75" minSpareThreads="5" port="8080"/>
 <Engine debug="0" defaultHost="localhost" name="Catalina">
 <Host appBase="C:\myWeb\Tomcat\webapps" autoDeploy="false" debug="0" deployXML="false" name="localhost" unpackWARs="false">
 <Context path="/DBTest" docBase="C:\myWeb\DBTest" debug="5" reloadable="true" crossContext="true" workDir="C:\myWeb\Tomcat\work\DBTest">
 <Logger className="org.apache.catalina.logger.FileLogger" prefix="localhost_DBTest_log." suffix=".txt" timestamp="true"/>
 <Resource name="jdbc/TestDB" auth="Container" type="javax.sql.DataSource"/>
 <ResourceParams name="jdbc/TestDB">
 <parameter>
  <name>factory</name>
  <value>org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSourceFactory</value>
 </parameter>
 <!--
  Maximum number of dB connections in pool.Make sure you
  configure your mysqld max_connections large enough to handle
  all of your db connections.Set to 0 for no limit.
 -->
 <parameter>
  <name>maxActive</name>
  <value>100</value>
 </parameter>
 <!--
  Maximum number of idle dB connections to retain in pool.
  Set to 0 for no limit.
 -->
 <parameter>
  <name>maxIdle</name>
  <value>30</value>
 </parameter>
 <!--
  Maximum time to wait for a dB connection to become available
  in ms, in this example 10 seconds.An Exception is thrown if
  this timeout is exceeded.Set to -1 to wait indefinitely.
 -->
 <parameter>
  <name>maxWait</name>
  <value>10000</value>
 </parameter>
 <!-- MySQL dB username and password for dB connections -->
 <parameter>
  <name>username</name>
  <value>sa</value>
 </parameter>
 <parameter>
  <name>password</name>
  <value>topcomputer</value>
 </parameter>
 <!-- Class name for mm.mysql JDBC driver -->
 <parameter>
  <name>driverClassName</name>
  <value>com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver</value>
 </parameter>
 <!--
  The JDBC connection url for connecting to your MySQL dB.
  The autoReconnect=true argument to the url makes sure that the
  mm.mysql JDBC Driver will automatically reconnect if mysqld closed the
  connection.mysqld by default closes idle connections after 8 hours.
 -->
 <parameter>
  <name>url</name>
  <value>jdbc:microsoft:sqlserver://nt04:1433;DatabaseName=test</value>
 </parameter>
</ResourceParams>
</Context>
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
</Server>

9.將JDBC驅動放在C:\Borland\JBuilder2005\thirdparty\jakarta-tomcat-5.0.27\common\lib目錄中

10.在SQL Server中建立數據庫test,數據庫表文件testdata

creatTable.sql:

if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N´[dbo].[testdata]´) and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N´IsUserTable´) = 1)
drop table [dbo].[testdata]
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[testdata] (
 [id] [int] NOT NULL ,
 [foo] [varchar] (50) COLLATE Chinese_Taiwan_Stroke_CI_AS NULL ,
 [bar] [int] NOT NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO

輸入幾條記錄作為測試數據。

11.F9

12.在c:\myWebmulu中建立批處理文件startup.bat和shutdown.bat內容分別如下:

startup.bat:

C:\Borland\JBuilder2005\jdk1.4\bin\javaw -classpath "C:\Borland\JBuilder2005\thirdparty\jakarta-tomcat-5.0.27\bin\bootstrap.jar;C:\Borland\JBuilder2005\jdk1.4\lib\tools.jar" "-Dcatalina.home=C:/Borland/JBuilder2005/thirdparty/jakarta-tomcat-5.0.27" org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap -config "C:\myWeb\Tomcat\conf\server8080.xml" start
Shutdown.bat:
C:\Borland\JBuilder2005\jdk1.4\bin\javaw -classpath "C:\Borland\JBuilder2005\thirdparty\jakarta-tomcat-5.0.27\bin\bootstrap.jar;C:\Borland\JBuilder2005\jdk1.4\lib\tools.jar" "-Dcatalina.home=C:/Borland/JBuilder2005/thirdparty/jakarta-tomcat-5.0.27" org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap -config "C:\myWeb\Tomcat\conf\server8080.xml" stop

13.運行startup.bat,在浏覽器輸入http://localhost:8080/DBTest/test.jsp

如何部署Web應用?

1.打包生成war文件

2.將DBTest.war拷貝到Tomcat_HOME\webapps

3.在Tomcat_HOME\conf\Catalina\localhost目錄中建立文件DBTest.xml

DBTest.xml

<!--
 Context configuration file for the Tomcat Administration Web App
$Id: admin.xml,v 1.2 2002/07/23 12:13:05 remm Exp $
-->
<Context path="/DBTest" docBase="/DBTest" debug="5" reloadable="true" crossContext="true" workDir="../work/DBTest">
<Logger className="org.apache.catalina.logger.FileLogger" prefix="localhost_DBTest_log." suffix=".txt" timestamp="true"/>
<Resource name="jdbc/TestDB" auth="Container" type="javax.sql.DataSource"/>
<ResourceParams name="jdbc/TestDB">
 <parameter>
  <name>factory</name>
  <value>org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSourceFactory</value>
 </parameter>
 <!--
  Maximum number of dB connections in pool.Make sure you
  configure your mysqld max_connections large enough to handle
  all of your db connections.Set to 0 for no limit.
 -->
 <parameter>
  <name>maxActive</name>
  <value>100</value>
 </parameter>
 <!--
  Maximum number of idle dB connections to retain in pool.
  Set to 0 for no limit.
 -->
 <parameter>
  <name>maxIdle</name>
  <value>30</value>
 </parameter>
 <!--
  Maximum time to wait for a dB connection to become available
  in ms, in this example 10 seconds.An Exception is thrown if
  this timeout is exceeded.Set to -1 to wait indefinitely.
 -->
 <parameter>
  <name>maxWait</name>
  <value>10000</value>
 </parameter>
 <!-- MySQL dB username and password for dB connections -->
 <parameter>
  <name>username</name>
  <value>sa</value>
 </parameter>
 <parameter>
  <name>password</name>
  <value>topcomputer</value>
 </parameter>
 <!-- Class name for mm.mysql JDBC driver -->
 <parameter>
  <name>driverClassName</name>
  <value>com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver</value>
 </parameter>
 <!--
  The JDBC connection url for connecting to your MySQL dB.
  The autoReconnect=true argument to the url makes sure that the
  mm.mysql JDBC Driver will automatically reconnect if mysqld closed the
  connection.mysqld by default closes idle connections after 8 hours.
 -->
 <parameter>
  <name>url</name>
  <value>jdbc:microsoft:sqlserver://nt04:1433;DatabaseName=test</value>
 </parameter>
</ResourceParams>
</Context>

4.啟動Tomcat,DBTest.war將會解壓到Tomcat_HOME\webapps\DBTest,並且在Tomcat_HOME\work\Catalina\localhost目錄中生成DBTest目錄

為什麼不能生成war文件?

在proterties for Web Module對話框中設置與Build有關的屬性Build Web archive。

如何在Web應用中加入目錄和文件?

右擊Module directory,在彈出的菜單中選擇New-directory,輸入目錄名稱;或右擊擬在其中建立文件的目錄,在彈出的菜單中選擇New-File,選擇文件類型,輸入文件名。注意這樣加入的文件只能是指定的文件類型。這樣加入的目錄和文件都會打包到war文件中。

如何加入其它類型的文件?

可以將文件拷貝到指定的目錄,在proterties for Web Module對話框中設置屬性Content,選擇include all classes and resources,這樣也可以將加入的文件打包到war文件中。

如何使用指定的JDK?

選擇菜單Tools-Configure-JDKs,在彈出的對話框中按New按鈕,然後選擇JDK的路徑。

選擇菜單Project-Project Properties,在彈出的對話框中選擇加入的JDK。

如何使用指定的Tomcat?

選擇菜單Enterprise-Configure Servers,在彈出的對話框中選擇Tomcat5.0後按Copy按鈕,

選擇Copy產生的服務器Copy of Tomcat 5.0,選擇Home Directory

選擇菜單Project-Project Properties,在彈出的對話框中設置屬性server,選擇加入的Tomcat服務器。

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