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 程式師世界 >> 編程語言 >> JAVA編程 >> 關於JAVA >> 談談HttpClient應用詳解

談談HttpClient應用詳解

編輯:關於JAVA

談談HttpClient應用詳解。本站提示廣大學習愛好者:(談談HttpClient應用詳解)文章只能為提供參考,不一定能成為您想要的結果。以下是談談HttpClient應用詳解正文


HttpClient是一個客戶真個HTTP通訊完成庫。HttpClient的目的是發送和吸收HTTP報文。

Http協定的主要性信任不消我多說了,HttpClient比擬傳統JDK自帶的URLConnection,增長了易用性和靈巧性(詳細差別,往後我們再評論辯論),它不只是客戶端發送Http要求變得輕易,並且也便利了開辟人員測試接口(基於Http協定的),即進步了開辟的效力,也便利進步代碼的硬朗性。是以闇練控制HttpClient是很主要的?內容,控制HttpClient後,信任關於Http協定的懂得會加倍深刻。

1、簡介

HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子項目,用來供給高效的、最新的、功效豐碩的支撐HTTP協定的客戶端編程對象包,而且它支撐HTTP協定最新的版本和建議。HttpClient曾經運用在許多的項目中,好比Apache Jakarta上很有名的別的兩個開源項目Cactus和HTMLUnit都應用了HttpClient。

下載地址: http://hc.apache.org/downloads.cgi

2、特征

1. 基於尺度、純潔的java說話。完成了Http1.0和Http1.1
2. 以可擴大的面向對象的構造完成了Http全體的辦法(GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE)。
3. 支撐HTTPS協定。
4. 經由過程Http署理樹立通明的銜接。
5. 應用CONNECT辦法經由過程Http署理樹立地道的https銜接。
6. Basic, Digest, NTLMv1, NTLMv2, NTLM2 Session, SNPNEGO/Kerberos認證計劃。
7. 插件式的自界說認證計劃。
8. 便攜靠得住的套接字工場使它更輕易的應用第三方處理計劃。
9. 銜接治理器支撐多線程運用。支撐設置最年夜銜接數,同時支撐設置每一個主機的最年夜銜接數,發明並封閉過時的銜接。
10. 主動處置Set-Cookie中的Cookie。
11. 插件式的自界說Cookie戰略。
12. Request的輸入流可以免流中內容直接緩沖到socket辦事器。
13. Response的輸出流可以有用的從socket辦事器直接讀取響應內容。
14. 在http1.0和http1.1中應用KeepAlive堅持耐久銜接。
15. 直接獲得辦事器發送的response code和 headers。
16. 設置銜接超時的才能。
17. 試驗性的支撐http1.1 response caching。
18. 源代碼基於Apache License 可收費獲得。

3、應用辦法

應用HttpClient發送要求、吸收呼應很簡略,普通須要以下幾步便可。

1. 創立HttpClient對象。
2. 創立要求辦法的實例,並指定要求URL。假如須要發送GET要求,創立HttpGet對象;假如須要發送POST要求,創立HttpPost對象。
3. 假如須要發送要求參數,可挪用HttpGet、HttpPost配合的setParams(HetpParams params)辦法來添加要求參數;關於HttpPost對象而言,也可挪用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)辦法來設置要求參數。
4. 挪用HttpClient對象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)發送要求,該辦法前往一個HttpResponse。
5. 挪用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等辦法可獲得辦事器的呼應頭;挪用HttpResponse的getEntity()辦法可獲得HttpEntity對象,該對象包裝了辦事器的呼應內容。法式可經由過程該對象獲得辦事器的呼應內容。
6. 釋放銜接。不管履行辦法能否勝利,都必需釋放銜接

4、實例

package com.test; 
import java.io.File; 
import java.io.FileInputStream; 
import java.io.IOException; 
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; 
import java.security.KeyManagementException; 
import java.security.KeyStore; 
import java.security.KeyStoreException; 
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; 
import java.security.cert.CertificateException; 
import java.util.ArrayList; 
import java.util.List; 
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; 
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; 
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; 
import org.apache.http.ParseException; 
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException; 
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity; 
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse; 
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; 
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; 
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory; 
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts; 
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy; 
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType; 
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder; 
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody; 
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody; 
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; 
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; 
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; 
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; 
import org.junit.Test; 
public class HttpClientTest { 
  @Test 
  public void jUnitTest() { 
    get(); 
  } 
  /** 
   * HttpClient銜接SSL 
   */ 
  public void ssl() { 
    CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null; 
    try { 
      KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType()); 
      FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("d:\\tomcat.keystore")); 
      try { 
        // 加載keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore  
        trustStore.load(instream, "123456".toCharArray()); 
      } catch (CertificateException e) { 
        e.printStackTrace(); 
      } finally { 
        try { 
          instream.close(); 
        } catch (Exception ignore) { 
        } 
      } 
      // 信任本身的CA和一切自簽名的證書 
      SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build(); 
      // 只許可應用TLSv1協定 
      SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext, new String[] { "TLSv1" }, null, 
          SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER); 
      httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build(); 
      // 創立http要求(get方法) 
      HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action"); 
      System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine()); 
      CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget); 
      try { 
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); 
        System.out.println("----------------------------------------"); 
        System.out.println(response.getStatusLine()); 
        if (entity != null) { 
          System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength()); 
          System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity)); 
          EntityUtils.consume(entity); 
        } 
      } finally { 
        response.close(); 
      } 
    } catch (ParseException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } catch (IOException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } catch (KeyManagementException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } catch (KeyStoreException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } finally { 
      if (httpclient != null) { 
        try { 
          httpclient.close(); 
        } catch (IOException e) { 
          e.printStackTrace(); 
        } 
      } 
    } 
  } 
  /** 
   * post方法提交表單(模仿用戶登錄要求) 
   */ 
  public void postForm() { 
    // 創立默許的httpClient實例.  
    CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); 
    // 創立httppost  
    HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action"); 
    // 創立參數隊列  
    List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>(); 
    formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin")); 
    formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456")); 
    UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity; 
    try { 
      uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8"); 
      httppost.setEntity(uefEntity); 
      System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI()); 
      CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost); 
      try { 
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); 
        if (entity != null) { 
          System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); 
          System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8")); 
          System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); 
        } 
      } finally { 
        response.close(); 
      } 
    } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) { 
      e1.printStackTrace(); 
    } catch (IOException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } finally { 
      // 封閉銜接,釋放資本  
      try { 
        httpclient.close(); 
      } catch (IOException e) { 
        e.printStackTrace(); 
      } 
    } 
  } 
  /** 
   * 發送 post要求拜訪當地運用並依據傳遞參數分歧前往分歧成果 
   */ 
  public void post() { 
    // 創立默許的httpClient實例.  
    CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); 
    // 創立httppost  
    HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action"); 
    // 創立參數隊列  
    List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>(); 
    formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("type", "house")); 
    UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity; 
    try { 
      uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8"); 
      httppost.setEntity(uefEntity); 
      System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI()); 
      CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost); 
      try { 
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); 
        if (entity != null) { 
          System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); 
          System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8")); 
          System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); 
        } 
      } finally { 
        response.close(); 
      } 
    } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) { 
      e1.printStackTrace(); 
    } catch (IOException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } finally { 
      // 封閉銜接,釋放資本  
      try { 
        httpclient.close(); 
      } catch (IOException e) { 
        e.printStackTrace(); 
      } 
    } 
  } 
  /** 
   * 發送 get要求 
   */ 
  public void get() { 
    CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); 
    try { 
      // 創立httpget.  
      HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.百度.com/"); 
      System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI()); 
      // 履行get要求.  
      CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget); 
      try { 
        // 獲得呼應實體  
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); 
        System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); 
        // 打印呼應狀況  
        System.out.println(response.getStatusLine()); 
        if (entity != null) { 
          // 打印呼應內容長度  
          System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength()); 
          // 打印呼應內容  
          System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity)); 
        } 
        System.out.println("------------------------------------"); 
      } finally { 
        response.close(); 
      } 
    } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } catch (ParseException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } catch (IOException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } finally { 
      // 封閉銜接,釋放資本  
      try { 
        httpclient.close(); 
      } catch (IOException e) { 
        e.printStackTrace(); 
      } 
    } 
  } 
  /** 
   * 上傳文件 
   */ 
  public void upload() { 
    CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); 
    try { 
      HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action"); 
      FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg")); 
      StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN); 
      HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build(); 
      httppost.setEntity(reqEntity); 
      System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine()); 
      CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost); 
      try { 
        System.out.println("----------------------------------------"); 
        System.out.println(response.getStatusLine()); 
        HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity(); 
        if (resEntity != null) { 
          System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength()); 
        } 
        EntityUtils.consume(resEntity); 
      } finally { 
        response.close(); 
      } 
    } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } catch (IOException e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } finally { 
      try { 
        httpclient.close(); 
      } catch (IOException e) { 
        e.printStackTrace(); 
      } 
    } 
  } 
}</namevaluepair></namevaluepair></namevaluepair></namevaluepair>

本實例是采取HttpClient4.3最新版本。該版本與之前的代碼寫法作風相差較年夜,年夜家多留心下。

好了,以上所述就是本文的全體內容,願望年夜家愛好。

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