源碼編譯安裝MySQL5.6.10最佳實踐

 　　1安裝cmake

　　MySQL從5.5版本開始，通過./configure進行編譯配置方式已經被取消，取而代之的是cmake工具。

　　因此，我們首先要在系統中源碼編譯安裝cmake工具。

　　# wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.7.tar.gz

　　# tar zxvf cmake-2.8.7.tar.gz

　　# cd cmake-2.8.7

　　# ./configure

　　# make

　　# make install

　　1.1cmake命令語法

　　1.2重新編譯時，需要清除舊的對象文件和緩存信息

　　# make clean

　　# rm -f CMakeCache.txt

　　1.3安裝選項

　　CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX值是安裝的基本目錄,其他cmake選項值是不包括前綴，是相對路徑名，絕對路徑包括CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX路徑。如-DINSTALL_SBINDIR=sbin的絕對路徑是/usr/local/mysql /sbin

　　1.4存儲引擎選項

　　mysql存儲引擎是插件式的，因此插件控制選項可以指定那個存儲引擎安裝。

　　configure編譯插件選項--with-plugins=csv,myisam,myisammrg,heap,innobase,archive,blackhole在cmake中沒有直接對應的相同選項。對於csv,myisam,myisammrg,heap在cmake中是不需要明確指定存儲引擎的名稱，因為它們是強制性安裝。

　　可以使用以下選擇來安裝innodb,archive,blackhole存儲引擎

　　-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

　　-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

　　-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

　　(1可以使用on代替)

　　如果既不是-DWITH__STORAGE_ENGINE也不是-DWITHOUT__STORAGE_ENGINE 來指定存儲引擎，該存儲引擎將安裝成共享模塊式的。如果不是共享模塊式的將排除在外。共享模塊安裝時必須使用INSTALL PLUGIN語句或--plugin-load才可以使用。

　　有關插件的CMake的選項的其他信息，請查閱： http://forge.mysql.com/wiki/MySQL_Internals_Support_for_Plug-Ins

　　1.5 lib庫選項

　　1.6其他選項

　　之前MySQL的編譯選項大多數都支持。新舊版本之間的安裝選項映射成大寫字母，刪除選項前面破折號，中間字符間的破折號替換成下劃線。如：

　　--with-debug => WITH_DEBUG=1

　　--with-embedded-server => WITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER

　　1.7調試配置過程

　　使用configure編譯完將生成config.log和config.status文件。

　　使用cmake編譯完在CMakeFiles目錄下生成CMakeError.log 和CMakeOutput.log文件。

　　1.8第三方接口工具

　　在之前的版本，第三方工具從MySQL頂層源目錄中讀取源configure.in文件來確定mysql版本。如：對5.5.7 - RC版本的AC_INIT線看起來像這樣：

　　AC_INIT([MySQLServer], [5.5.7-rc], [], [mysql])

　　現在的版本可以直接讀取版本文件。如：如果版本是5.5.8，文件看起來像這樣的：

　　MYSQL_VERSION_MAJOR=5

　　MYSQL_VERSION_MINOR=5

　　MYSQL_VERSION_PATCH=8

　　MYSQL_VERSION_EXTRA=rc

　　如果源碼包不是GA版，MYSQL_VERSION_EXTRA的值將非空。如：對於一個發布RC版本是這樣的： MYSQL_VERSION_EXTRA=rc

　　構建5位數字的版本號，使用下面公式：

　　MYSQL_VERSION_MAJOR*10000+ MYSQL_VERSION_MINOR*100 + MYSQL_VERSION_PATCH

　　2驗證安裝依賴

　　通過 rpm -qa | grep name的方式驗證以下軟件包是否已全部安裝。

　　gcc* gcc-c++* autoconf* automake* zlib*libxml* ncurses-devel* libmcrypt* libtool*

　　通過yum安裝示例

　　例:yum install gcc gcc-c++

　　例:yum install ncurses-devel

　　如果缺少相關的軟件包，可通過yum -y install的方式在線安裝，或直接從系統安裝光盤中找到並通過rpm -ivh的方式安裝。

　　3安裝前的系統設置

　　建立mysql安裝目錄及數據存放目錄

　　# mkdir /usr/mysql5.5

　　# mkdir /usr/mysql5.5/data

　　創建用戶和用戶組

　　# groupadd mysql

　　# useradd –gmysql mysql

　　賦予數據存放目錄權限

　　# chown mysql:mysql –R /opt/mysql5.5/data

　　4正式開始安裝(從configure更換為cmake)

　　我相信大多數人都已經習慣了之前的configure方式，並且所使用的參數也是比較個性化的，換成cmake之後，這一方面會帶來不少的麻煩。

　　還好，MySQL的官方網站提供了二者的參數對照表，我們可以盡可能的保留之前的參數，來編譯配置新的MySQL版本。

　　configure 與cmake參數對照指南：

　　http://forge.mysql.com/wiki/Autotools_to_CMake_Transition_Guide

　　以我自己為例，之前我一直使用的參數為：

　　./configure --prefix=/opt/mysql/

　　--sysconfdir=/opt/mysql/etc

　　--localstatedir=/opt/mysql/data

　　--with-tcp-port=3306

　　--with-unix-socket-path=/tmp/mysqld.sock

　　--with-mysqld-user=mysql

　　--enable-assembler

　　--with-extra-charsets=all

　　--enable-thread-safe-client

　　--with-big-tables

　　--with-readline

　　--with-ssl

　　--with-embedded-server

　　--enable-local-infile

　　--with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg

　　經過與cmake的參數對照之後，去除掉已經被取消的參數(大多數是因為新版本已經默認啟用)，cmake的參數配置如下：

　　cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/mysql

　　-DSYSCONFDIR=/opt/mysql/etc

　　-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/opt/mysql/data

　　-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306

　　-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysqld.sock

　　-DMYSQL_USER=mysql

　　-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all

　　-DWITH_READLINE=1

　　-DWITH_SSL=system

　　-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1

　　-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1

　　-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

　　-DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

　　不帶換行符的(只有一行)

　　4.1參數：-DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

　　在64位機器上編譯不過，會出現如下錯誤:(64位機器的浮點數運算上出錯,導致找不著相應的函數)

　　libsql.a(handler.cc.o): In function`get_ha_partition(partition_info*)’:

　　/data/mysql-5.5.14/sql/handler.cc:269: undefined reference to`ha_partition::ha_partition(handlerton*, partition_info*)’

　　/data/mysql-5.5.14/sql/handler.cc:271: undefined reference to`ha_partition::initialize_partition(st_mem_root*)’

　　libsql.a(sql_partition_admin.cc.o): In function`Alter_table_truncate_partition_statement::execute(THD*)’:

　　/data/mysql-5.5.14/sql/sql_partition_admin.cc:165: undefinedreference to `ha_partition::truncate_partition(Alter_info*, bool*)’

　　collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

　　make[2]: *** [sql/mysqld] Error 1

　　make[1]: *** [sql/CMakeFiles/mysqld.dir/all] Error 2

　　make: *** [all] Error 2

　　4.2參數:-DWITH_SSL=bundled

　　自mysql5.6.*及以後的版本都要默認帶上此參數，否則編譯不過 ,相關貼子:

　　https://github.com/santisaez/powerstack/issues/49

　　Use bundled SSL on CentOS-5

　　4.3安裝執行

　　# tar xvf mysql-5.5.10.tar.gz

　　# cd mysql-5.5.10

　　# cmake-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql5.5 -DSYSCONFDIR=/usr/local/mysql5.5/etc-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql5.5/data -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql5.5/mysqld.sock -DMYSQL_USER=mysql-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all-DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=bundled

　　#make

　　#make install

　　5 設置

　　#cd support-files/

　　拷貝配置文件:

　　#cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

　　設置開機自動啟動

　　#cp mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

　　5.1初始化數據庫

　　#/usr/local/mysql5.5/scripts/mysql_install_db--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql5.5--datadir=/usr/local/mysql5.5data --user=mysql

　　5.2設置

　　#vi /etc/init.d/mysqld(編輯此文件，查找並修改以下變量內容：)

　　basedir=/usr/local/mysql5.5

　　datadir=/var/mysql5.5/data

　　加入啟動項：

　　#chkconfig --add mysqld

　　#chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on

　　5.3啟動服務

　　#service mysqld start

　　如果文件夾：/usr/local/mysql5.5是只讀的，會報錯:

　　…

　　…

　　2013-04-08 11:12:45 7886 [Note] IPv6 is notavailable.

　　2013-04-08 11:12:45 7886 [Note] - '0.0.0.0' resolves to '0.0.0.0';

　　2013-04-08 11:12:45 7886 [Note] Server socketcreated on IP: '0.0.0.0'.

　　2013-04-08 11:12:45 7886 [ERROR] Can't startserver : Bind on unix socket: Permission denied

　　2013-04-08 11:12:45 7886 [ERROR] Do youalready have another mysqld server running on socket:/usr/local/mysql5.5/mysqld.sock ?

　　2013-04-08 11:12:45 7886 [ERROR] Aborting

　　…

　　2013-04-08 11:12:45 7886 [Note] InnoDB:Starting shutdown...

　　2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note] InnoDB:Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1626077

　　2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note] Shutting downplugin 'BLACKHOLE'

　　2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note] Shutting downplugin 'PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA'

　　2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note] Shutting downplugin 'ARCHIVE'

　　2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note] Shutting downplugin 'CSV'

　　2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note] Shutting downplugin 'MRG_MYISAM'

　　2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note] Shutting downplugin 'MyISAM'

　　2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note] Shutting downplugin 'MEMORY'

　　2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note] Shutting downplugin 'sha256_password'

　　2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note] Shutting downplugin 'mysql_old_password'

　　2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note] Shutting downplugin 'mysql_native_password'

　　2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note] Shutting downplugin 'binlog'

　　2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note]/usr/local/mysql5.5/bin/mysqld: Shutdown complete

　　130408 11:12:47 mysqld_safe mysqld from pidfile /usr/local/mysql5.5/data/zskw2.pid ended

　　解決辦法：將/usr/local/mysql5.5設為讀寫即可

　　…

　　5.4 設置密碼

　　#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin password[new-password]

　　6數據庫初始化

　　如果想讓數據庫可遠程訪問,必須在庫中mysql下的user裡存在如下用戶

　　Host user password

　　% root xxx

　　7附錄

　　7.1參考網址

　　http://www.centos.bz/2011/09/linux-compile-install-mysql-5-5-15-from-source/

　　http://blog.csdn.net/sunjingzhi/article/details/6671668

　　https://github.com/santisaez/powerstack/issues/49

　　http://heylinux.com/archives/993.html

　　http://www.mysqlops.com/2011/03/06/mysql_compile_reference.html

　　http://who0168.blog.51cto.com/253401/469898

　　7.2所用my.cnf

　　# Example MySQLconfig file for large systems.

　　#

　　# This is for a largesystem with memory = 512M where the system runs mainly

　　# MySQL.

　　#

　　# MySQL programs lookfor option files in a set of

　　# locations whichdepend on the deployment platform.

　　# You can copy thisoption file to one of those

　　# locations. Forinformation about these locations, see:

　　#http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html

　　#

　　# In this file, youcan use all long options that a program supports.

　　# If you want to knowwhich options a program supports, run the program

　　# with the"--help" option.

　　# The followingoptions will be passed to all MySQL clients

　　[client]

　　#password = your_password

　　port = 3306

　　#socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

　　socket = /usr/local/mysql5.5/mysqld.sock

　　#character-set-server= utf8

　　# Here followsentries for some specific programs

　　# The MySQL server

　　[mysqld]

　　port = 3306

　　#socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

　　socket = /usr/local/mysql5.5/mysqld.sock

　　user=mysql

　　skip-external-locking

　　key_buffer_size =256M

　　max_allowed_packet =1M

　　table_open_cache =256

　　sort_buffer_size = 1M

　　read_buffer_size = 1M

　　read_rnd_buffer_size= 4M

　　myisam_sort_buffer_size= 64M

　　thread_cache_size = 8

　　query_cache_size= 16M

　　# Try number ofCPU's*2 for thread_concurrency

　　thread_concurrency =8

　　#character-set-server= utf8

　　max_connections =1000

　　# Don't listen on aTCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,

　　# if all processesthat need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.

　　# All interactionwith mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.

　　# Note that usingthis option without enabling named pipes on Windows

　　# (via the"enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!

　　#

　　#skip-networking

　　# Replication MasterServer (default)

　　# binary logging isrequired for replication

　　log-bin=mysql-bin

　　# binary loggingformat - mixed recommended

　　binlog_format=mixed

　　# required unique idbetween 1 and 2^32 - 1

　　# defaults to 1 ifmaster-host is not set

　　# but will notfunction as a master if omitted

　　server-id = 1

　　# Replication Slave(comment out master section to use this)

　　#

　　# To configure thishost as a replication slave, you can choose between

　　# two methods :

　　#

　　# 1) Use the CHANGEMASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -

　　# the syntax is:

　　#

　　# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=,MASTER_PORT= ,

　　# MASTER_USER=,MASTER_PASSWORD= ;

　　#

　　# where you replace ,, by quoted strings and

　　# by the master's port number(3306 by default).

　　#

　　# Example:

　　#

　　# CHANGE MASTER TOMASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,

　　# MASTER_USER='joe',MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';

　　#

　　# OR

　　#

　　# 2) Set the variablesbelow. However, in case you choose this method, then

　　# start replication for the first time (evenunsuccessfully, for example

　　# if you mistyped the password inmaster-password and the slave fails to

　　# connect), the slave will create a master.infofile, and any later

　　# change in this file to the variables'values below will be ignored and

　　# overridden by the content of themaster.info file, unless you shutdown

　　# the slave server, delete master.info andrestart the slaver server.

　　# For that reason, you may want to leave thelines below untouched

　　# (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTERTO (see above)

　　#

　　# required unique idbetween 2 and 2^32 - 1

　　# (and different fromthe master)

　　# defaults to 2 ifmaster-host is set

　　# but will notfunction as a slave if omitted

　　#server-id = 2

　　#

　　# The replicationmaster for this slave - required

　　#master-host =

　　#

　　# The username theslave will use for authentication when connecting

　　# to the master -required

　　#master-user =

　　#

　　# The password theslave will authenticate with when connecting to

　　# the master -required

　　#master-password=

　　#

　　# The port the masteris listening on.

　　# optional - defaultsto 3306

　　#master-port =

　　#

　　# binary logging - notrequired for slaves, but recommended

　　#log-bin=mysql-bin

　　# Uncomment thefollowing if you are using InnoDB tables

　　#innodb_data_home_dir= /var/lib/mysql

　　#innodb_data_file_path= ibdata1:10M:autoextend

　　#innodb_log_group_home_dir= /var/lib/mysql

　　# You can set.._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %

　　# of RAM but bewareof setting memory usage too high

　　#innodb_buffer_pool_size= 256M

　　#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size= 20M

　　# Set.._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size

　　#innodb_log_file_size= 64M

　　#innodb_log_buffer_size= 8M

　　#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit= 1

　　#innodb_lock_wait_timeout= 50

　　[mysqldump]

　　quick

　　max_allowed_packet =16M

　　[mysql]

　　no-auto-rehash

　　# Remove the nextcomment character if you are not familiar with SQL

　　#safe-updates

　　[myisamchk]

　　key_buffer_size =128M

　　sort_buffer_size =128M

　　read_buffer = 2M

　　write_buffer = 2M

　　[mysqlhotcopy]

　　interactive-timeout