我們已經看到SQL SELECT命令和WHERE子句一起使用,來從MySQL表中提取數據,但是,當我們試圖給出一個條件,比較字段或列值設置為NULL,它確不能正常工作。
為了處理這種情況,MySQL提供了三大運算符
IS NULL: 如果列的值為NULL,運算結果返回 true
IS NOT NULL: 如果列的值不為NULL,運算結果返回 true
<=>: 運算符比較值,(不同於=運算符)即使兩個空值它返回 true
涉及NULL的條件是特殊的。不能使用= NULL或!= NULL來匹配查找列的NULL值。這樣的比較總是失敗,因為它是不可能告訴它們是否是true。 甚至 NULL = NULL 也是失敗的。
要查找列的值是或不是NULL,使用IS NULL或IS NOT NULL。
假設在 test 數據庫中的表 tcount_tbl 它包含兩個列 tutorial_author 和 tutorial_count, 其中 tutorial_count 的值為NULL表明其值未知:
試試下面的例子:
root@host# mysql -u root -p password;
Enter password:
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> create table tcount_tbl
-> (
-> tutorial_author varchar(40) NOT NULL,
-> tutorial_count INT
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl
-> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values ('mahran', 20);
mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl
-> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values ('mahnaz', NULL);
mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl
-> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values ('Jen', NULL);
mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl
-> (tutorial_author, tutorial_count) values ('Gill', 20);
mysql> SELECT * from tcount_tbl;
+-----------------+----------------+
| tutorial_author | tutorial_count |
+-----------------+----------------+
| mahran | 20 |
| mahnaz | NULL |
| Jen | NULL |
| Gill | 20 |
+-----------------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
可以看到,= 及 != 不能與 NULL值不能正常工作(匹配)如下:
mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl WHERE tutorial_count = NULL; Empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl WHERE tutorial_count != NULL; Empty set (0.01 sec)
要查找記錄中,其中 tutorial_count 列的值是或不是NULL,查詢應該這樣寫:
mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl
-> WHERE tutorial_count IS NULL;
+-----------------+----------------+
| tutorial_author | tutorial_count |
+-----------------+----------------+
| mahnaz | NULL |
| Jen | NULL |
+-----------------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT * from tcount_tbl
-> WHERE tutorial_count IS NOT NULL;
+-----------------+----------------+
| tutorial_author | tutorial_count |
+-----------------+----------------+
| mahran | 20 |
| Gill | 20 |
+-----------------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
可以使用 if...else 條件來基於NULL值的查詢。
下面的示例,從外面使用 tutorial_count,然後在表中可用的值進行比較。
<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost:3036';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = '';
$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn )
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
if( isset($tutorial_count ))
{
$sql = 'SELECT tutorial_author, tutorial_count
FROM tcount_tbl
WHERE tutorial_count = $tutorial_count';
}
else
{
$sql = 'SELECT tutorial_author, tutorial_count
FROM tcount_tbl
WHERE tutorial_count IS $tutorial_count';
}
mysql_select_db('test');
$retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn );
if(! $retval )
{
die('Could not get data: ' . mysql_error());
}
while($row = mysql_fetch_array($retval, MYSQL_ASSOC))
{
echo "Author:{$row['tutorial_author']} <br> ".
"Count: {$row['tutorial_count']} <br> ".
"--------------------------------<br>";
}
echo "Fetched data successfully\n";
mysql_close($conn);
?>