對MySQL的備份，直接通過mysqldump命令備份成sql格式就行了，最簡單的一個命令就是:
mysqldump databasename > bak.sql
-- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.6.17, for Win64 (x86_64) -- -- Host: localhost Database: test -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- Server version 5.6.17 /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */; /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */; /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */; /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */; /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */; -- -- Table structure for table `tb` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tb`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `tb` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `value` varchar(64) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; -- -- Dumping data for table `tb` -- LOCK TABLES `tb` WRITE; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tb` DISABLE KEYS */; INSERT INTO `tb` VALUES (3,'value'); /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tb` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; -- -- Table structure for table `tb2` -- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tb2`; /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */; CREATE TABLE `tb2` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(64) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; -- -- Dumping data for table `tb2` -- LOCK TABLES `tb2` WRITE; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tb2` DISABLE KEYS */; /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tb2` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */; /*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */; /*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */; /*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */; /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */; /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */; /*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */; /*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */; -- Dump completed on 2015-05-07 16:54:19
上邊的命令就已經簡單地把名字為數據庫 databasename的數據庫備份到 bak.sql文件中，如果我們要恢復數據可以簡單的使用命令：
source bak.sql
有些用戶上邊的命令就無法執行成功，必須使用一下命令：
mysqldump --user=root --password=root test > bak.sql
mysqldump 有很多操作的選項，可以幫助生成各種功能是備份sql，如恢復數據是是追加，還是清空再增加，等等：
詳細使用方法可以參考mysqldump官方文檔
備份所有數據庫：
mysqldump --all-databases > dump.sql備份多個數據庫：
mysqldump --databases db1 db2 db3 > dump.sql
下邊是自己簡單實現的可以在Linux 下通過crontab命令定時備份最新N個數據庫的Python腳本
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
#@arthur
#@date 2015-05-7
#@dsc 遠程備份s數據
import os
import sys
import logging
import traceback
import time
logger = logging.getLogger()
logging.basicConfig(
format = '%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(module)s.%(funcName)s Line:%(lineno)d\t%(message)s',
filename = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), r'backStrategyData.log'),
filemode = 'a+',
level = logging.NOTSET
)
class BackupDatabase():
'''
備份數據庫
'''
def __init__(self, dbIp, dbName, bakFile, user, pwd):
self.dbIp = dbIp
self.dbName = dbName
self.bakFile = bakFile
self.user =user
self.pwd = pwd
def __generateCmd(self):
cmd = 'mysqldump --host %s --user=%s --password=%s %s > %s' \
% (self.dbIp, self.user, self.pwd, self.dbName, self.bakFile)
return cmd
def runBackup(self):
cmd = self.__generateCmd()
try:
os.system(cmd)
except:
logger.error(traceback.format_exc())
#數據庫ip
__mysqlIp = ''
__bakPath = r'/data/backup/strategydata'
__dbName = 'strategydata'
__user = ''
__pwd = ''
# 備份個數
__bakCount = 5
# 備份文件後綴
__bakSuffix = 'strategydata.sql'
def backStrategyData():
files = os.listdir(__bakPath)
bakFiles = []
for f in files:
if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(__bakPath, f)) and f.endswith(__bakSuffix):
bakFiles.append(f)
bakFiles.sort(reverse=True)
delFiles = bakFiles[__bakCount - 1:]
try:
for f in delFiles:
df = os.path.join(__bakPath, f)
logger.info('delete file %s.' % df)
os.remove(df)
except:
logger.error(traceback.format_exc())
newBakFile = os.path.join(__bakPath, time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S") + __bakSuffix)
logger.info('backup %s:%s to %s!' % (__mysqlIp, __dbName, newBakFile))
oBack = BackupDatabase(__mysqlIp, __dbName, newBakFile, __user, __pwd)
oBack.runBackup()
def main():
try:
backStrategyData()
except:
logger.error(traceback.format_exc())
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
