當一個表數據記錄過大時就會出現性能瓶頸,而一般對應的解決辦法是要麼做分區表,要麼分表,分區表就不說了,分表又分為垂直分割和水平分割,具體區別請自行搜索。一般而言,分庫分表屬於水平分割,按照一定的規則將數據插入到不同的表中去。而分庫則可以很方便的轉移數據庫的壓力,比如將一個很大庫的分別放在不同的服務器上。
下面是我寫的一個分庫分表的實現:
namespace App\Model\Database;
class Config
{
public $dsn;
public $user;
public $password;
/**
* @var string 分庫分表後得到的數據庫名
*/
public $dbname;
/**
* @var string 分庫分表後得到的表名
*/
public $table;
/**
* @var array MySQL 配置數組
*/
private static $config;
/**
* @var string 配置文件路徑
*/
private static $configFile = 'mysql.php';
public function __construct($dbname, $table, $id = 0)
{
if (is_null(static::$config)) {
$config = include(static::$configFile);
static::$config = $config;
}
$config = static::$config;
if (isset($config['shared']) && isset($config['shared'][$dbname])) {
$dbconfig = $config['shared'][$dbname];
$id = is_numeric($id) ? (int)$id : crc32($id);
$database_id = ($id / $dbconfig['database_split'][0]) % $dbconfig['database_split'][1];
$table_id = ($id / $dbconfig['table_split'][0]) % $dbconfig['table_split'][1];
foreach ($dbconfig['host'] as $key => $conf) {
list($from, $to) = explode('-', $key);
if ($from <= $database_id && $database_id <= $to) {
$the_config = $conf;
}
}
$this->dbname = $dbname . '_' . $database_id;
$this->table = $table . '_' . $table_id;
} else {
$this->dbname = $dbname;
$this->table = $table;
$the_config = $config['db'][$dbname];
}
$c = $the_config;
if (isset($c['unix_socket']) && $c['unix_socket']) {
$this->dsn = sprintf('mysql:dbname=%s;unix_socket=%s', $this->dbname, $c['unix_socket']);
} else {
$this->dsn = sprintf('mysql:dbname=%s;host=%s;port=%s', $this->dbname, $c['host'], $c['port']);
}
$this->user = $c['user'];
$this->password = $c['password'];
}
}
$default = array(
'unix_socket' => null,
'host' => 'localhost',
'port' => '3306',
'user' => 'root',
'password' => '',
);
$config = array(
// 不進行分庫分表的數據庫
'db' => array(
'my_site' => $default,
),
// 分庫分表
'shared' => array(
'user' => array(
'host' => array(
/**
* 編號為 0 到 10 的庫使用的鏈接配置
*/
'0-10' => $default,
/**
* 編號為 11 到 28 的庫使用的鏈接配置
*/
'11-28' => $default,
/**
* 編號為 29 到 99 的庫使用的鏈接配置
*/
'29-99' => $default,
),
// 分庫分表規則
/**
* 下面的配置對應百庫百表
* 如果根據 uid 進行分表,假設 uid 為 543234678,對應的庫表為:
* (543234678 / 1) % 100 = 78 為編號為 78 的庫
* (543234678 / 100) % 100 = 46 為編號為 46 的表
*/
'database_split' => array(1, 100),
'table_split' => array(100, 100),
),
),
);
return $config;
namespace App\Model;
use App\Model\Database\Config;
use \PDO;
abstract class Model
{
/**
* @var Config
*/
public $config;
/**
* @var PDO
*/
public $connection;
protected $dbnamePrefix;
protected $tablePrefix;
/**
* @var string 分庫分表後對應的表
*/
protected $table;
public function __construct($id)
{
$this->config = new Config($this->dbnamePrefix, $this->tablePrefix, $id);
$this->connection = new Pdo($this->config->dsn, $this->config->user, $this->config->password);
$this->table = $this->config->table;
}
public function update(array $data, array $where = array())
{
}
public function select(array $where)
{
}
public function insert(array $data)
{
}
public function query($sql)
{
return $this->connection->query($sql);
}
}
require 'Config.php';
require 'Model.php';
use App\Model\Model;
class User extends Model
{
protected $dbnamePrefix = 'user';
protected $tablePrefix = 'userinfo';
}
$user = new User(4455345345);
print_r($user);