mysql字符集查詢和設置 MySQL 亂碼的根源是的 MySQL 字符集設置不當的問題，本文匯總了有關查看 MySQL 字符集的命令。包括查看 MySQL 數據庫服務器字符集、查看 MySQL 數據庫字符集，以及數據表和字段的字符集、當前安裝的 MySQL 所支持的字符集等。 一、查看 MySQL 數據庫服務器和數據庫字符集。 mysql> show variables like '%char%'; +--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------ | Variable_name | Value |...... +--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------ | character_set_client | utf8 |...... -- 客戶端字符集 | character_set_connection | utf8 |...... | character_set_database | utf8 |...... -- 數據庫字符集 | character_set_filesystem | binary |...... | character_set_results | utf8 |...... | character_set_server | utf8 |...... -- 服務器字符集 | character_set_system | utf8 |...... | character_sets_dir | D:\MySQL Server 5.0\share\charsets\ |...... +--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------ 二、查看 MySQL 數據表（table） 的字符集。 mysql> show table status from sqlstudy_db like '%countries%'; +-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------ | Name | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Collation |...... +-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------ | countries | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 11 | utf8_general_ci |...... +-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------ 三、查看 MySQL 數據列（column）的字符集。 mysql> show full columns from countries; +----------------------+-------------+-----------------+-------- | Field | Type | Collation | ....... +----------------------+-------------+-----------------+-------- | countries_id | int(11) | NULL | ....... | countries_name | varchar(64) | utf8_general_ci | ....... | countries_iso_code_2 | char(2) | utf8_general_ci | ....... | countries_iso_code_3 | char(3) | utf8_general_ci | ....... | address_format_id | int(11) | NULL | ....... +----------------------+-------------+-----------------+-------- 四、查看當前安裝的 MySQL 所支持的字符集。 mysql> show charset; mysql> show char set; +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen | +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 | | dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 | | cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 | | hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 | | koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 | | latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 | | latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 | | swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 | | ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 | | ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 | | sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 | | hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 | | tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 | | euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 | | koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 | | gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 | | greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 | | cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 | | gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 | | latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 | | armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 | | utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 | | ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 | | cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 | | keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 | | macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 | | macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 | | cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 | | latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 | | cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 | | cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 | | cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 | | binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 | | geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 | | cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 | | eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 | +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ 以上查看 MySQL 字符集命令，適用於 Windows & Linux。 1.查找MySQL的cnf文件的位置 find / -iname '*.cnf' -print /usr/share/mysql/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf /usr/share/mysql/my-large.cnf /usr/share/mysql/my-small.cnf /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /usr/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /usr/share/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf /usr/share/texmf/web2c/mktex.cnf /usr/share/texmf/web2c/fmtutil.cnf /usr/share/texmf/tex/xmltex/xmltexfmtutil.cnf /usr/share/texmf/tex/jadetex/jadefmtutil.cnf /usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf /usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-large.cnf /usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-small.cnf /usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-medium.cnf /usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-huge.cnf 2. 拷貝 small.cnf、my-medium.cnf、my-huge.cnf、my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf其中的一個到/etc下，命名為my.cnf cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf 3. 修改my.cnf vi /etc/my.cnf 在[client]下添加 default-character-set=utf8 在[mysqld]下添加 default-character-set=utf8 4.重新啟動MySQL [root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart Shutting down MySQL [ 確定 ] Starting MySQL. [ 確定 ] [root@bogon ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.1.22-rc-community-log MySQL Community Edition (GPL) Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. 5.查看字符集設置 mysql> show variables like 'collation_%'; +----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-----------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8_general_ci | | collation_server | utf8_general_ci | +----------------------+-----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.02 sec) mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.02 sec) mysql> 其他的一些設置方法： 修改數據庫的字符集 mysql>use mydb mysql>alter database mydb character set utf-8（utf8); 創建數據庫指定數據庫的字符集 mysql>create database mydb character set utf-8（utf8); 通過配置文件修改: 修改/var/lib/mysql/mydb/db.opt default-character-set=latin1 default-collation=latin1_swedish_ci 為 default-character-set=utf8 default-collation=utf8_general_ci 重起MySQL: [root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart 通過MySQL命令行修改: mysql> set character_set_client=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_database=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_results=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_server=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_system=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> set collation_connection=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> set collation_database=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> set collation_server=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) 查看: mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.03 sec) mysql> show variables like 'collation_%'; +----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-----------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8_general_ci | | collation_server | utf8_general_ci | +----------------------+-----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.04 sec)
