Mysql的主從復制和級聯
記錄一下mysql的主主復制和級聯復制。
一、環境
主機:192.25.10.71
主機:192.25.10.73
從機:192.25.10.76
DB:Mysql 5.5.31
OS:CentOS 6.3
二、架構
三、實施步驟
mysql的安裝略
1.master端創建測試DB
[root@proxy1 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1959
Server version: 5.5.31-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> create database db_kenyon;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db_kenyon |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use db_kenyon;
Database changed
mysql> create table t_kenyon(id int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
mysql> insert into t_kenyon values(1),(2),(3);
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from t_kenyon;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
[root@localhost ~]#
2.修改配置/etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id =1
binlog-do-db=db_kenyon
innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data/
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data/
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 256M
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 20M
innodb_log_file_size = 64M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
3.創建slave端連到master端的用戶,重啟master
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL............ SUCCESS!
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
mysql>grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'192.25.10.73' identified by '123456';
mysql> flush privileges;
[root@localhost ~]#
4.備份master端數據,並拷貝至slave端
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 120 | db_kenyon | | |
+------------------+----------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
另外一個session:
[root@localhost log]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data
[root@localhost data]# tar -zcvf backup.tar.gz db_kenyon
[root@localhost ]# scp backup.tar.gz root@192.25.10.73:/usr/local/mysql/data/
--回到之前的session,從機搭完以後解鎖，保證數據一致
mysql> unlock tables;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
5.修改slave端的數據
[mysqld]
server-id = 2
master-host = 192.25.10.71 #5.5以上廢棄
master-user = repl #5.5以上廢棄
master-password = 123456 #5.5以上廢棄
master-port = 3306 #5.5以上廢棄
master-connect-retry=60 #重試時間60秒, #5.5以上廢棄
replicate-do-db=db_kenyon #需要同步的庫
log-slave-updates=1 #啟用從庫日志，這樣可以設置鏈式復制
read-only = 1 #0表示可讀寫，1表示只讀,但是只針對普通用戶，超級用戶和同步用戶不受此限制
6.重啟slave，並指定主機檢查
mysql> change master to master_host='192.25.10.71',master_user='repl',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',master_log_pos=120
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 192.25.10.71
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: No
Replicate_Do_DB: db_kenyon
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_Space: 120
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 0
Master_UUID:
Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State:
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
調整網絡和mysql參數等，使兩個參數：Slave_IO_Running， Slave_SQL_Running的狀態為YES 7.級聯過程 其他配置如上，注意級聯參數log-slave-updates開啟,該參數在my.cnf裡值應為1，或者
mysql> show variables like 'log_slave_%'; +-------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------+-------+ | log_slave_updates | ON | +-------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
8.主主的過程就是主從的基礎上再以從機為主機，反向操作一遍即可。簡單測試，在71上建表，73、76上都能看到該表即成功。 四、級聯的性能損耗測試 使用mysqlslap
[root@proxy1 bin]# ./mysqlslap --concurrency=2 --iterations=5 --number-int-cols=10 --number-char-cols=10 -a --auto-generate-sql-guid-primary --number-of-queries=10000 --auto-generate-sql-load-type=write
Benchmark
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 5.324 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 4.106 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 6.113 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 2
Average number of queries per client: 5000
每秒處理能力1878 改變concurrency,得到如下結果: 並發數 平均時間s(後者開啟級聯) 每秒處理 損耗 2 5.324 1878 0.6s 11% 2 5.912 1691 0.6s 11% 10 2.521 3966 0.3s 12% 10 2.828 3536 0.3s 12% 50 2.161 4627 0.2s 7% 50 2.331 4290 0.2s 7% 100 2.355 4246 0.3s 11% 100 2.618 3819 0.3s 11%
