程式師世界 >> 數據庫知識 >> MYSQL數據庫 >> MySQL綜合教程 >> MySQL備份與恢復之熱備（3）

MySQL備份與恢復之熱備（3）

編輯：MySQL綜合教程

MySQL備份與恢復之熱備（3）。本站提示廣大學習愛好者：（MySQL備份與恢復之熱備（3））文章只能為提供參考，不一定能成為您想要的結果。以下是MySQL備份與恢復之熱備（3）正文

在上兩篇文章（MySQL備份與恢復之冷備，MySQL備份與恢復之真實情況應用冷備）中，我們提到了冷備和真實情況中應用冷備。那從這篇文章開端我們看下熱備。明顯熱備和冷備是兩個絕對的概念，冷備是把數據庫辦事，好比MySQL，Oracle停上去，然後應用拷貝、打包或許緊縮敕令對數據目次停止備份；那末我們很輕易想到熱備就是在MySQL或許其他數據庫辦事在運轉的情形下停止備份。然則，這裡存在一個成績，由於臨盆庫在運轉的情形下，有對該庫的讀寫，讀寫頻率有能夠高，也能夠低，不論頻率高下，總會就會形成備份出來的數據和臨盆庫中的數據紛歧致的情形。熱備這段時光，其別人弗成以操作是不實際的，由於你總弗成能終止用戶拜訪Web法式。要處理這個成績，可以采取指定備份戰略，好比哪一個時光段停止備份，備份哪些數據等等，總之，包管數據的完全性和分歧性，切記，備份重於一切！！！
熱備可以對多個庫停止備份，可以對單張表或許某幾張表停止備份。然則沒法同時備份多個庫多個表，只要離開備份。上面我們看下熱備的表示圖，並停止熱備模仿。
表示圖

熱備模仿

1、對單個庫停止備份
第一步，移除LVM快照。（假如沒有創立，疏忽此步）

[root@serv01 data]# lvremove /dev/data/smydata 
Do you really want to remove active logical volume smydata? [y/n]: y
 Logical volume "smydata" successfully removed

第二步，設置MySQL的暗碼

mysql> set password=password("123456");
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

第三步，檢查MySQL能否啟動。由於是熱備，所以請求MySQL辦事啟動

[root@serv01 data]# /etc/init.d/mysqld status
 SUCCESS! MySQL running (2664)

第四步，導出單個數據庫

[root@serv01 data]# cd /databackup/

#實質是導出為SQL
[root@serv01 databackup]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --database larrydb
-- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.5.29, for Linux (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost Database: larrydb
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version 5.5.29-log

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Current Database: `larrydb`
--

CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `larrydb` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */;

USE `larrydb`;

--
-- Table structure for table `class`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `class`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `class` (
 `cid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
 `cname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `class`
--

LOCK TABLES `class` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `class` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `class` VALUES (1,'linux'),(2,'oracle');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `class` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;

--
-- Table structure for table `stu`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `stu`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `stu` (
 `sid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
 `sname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
 `cid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `stu`
--

LOCK TABLES `stu` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `stu` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `stu` VALUES (1,'larry01',1),(2,'larry02',2);
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `stu` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

 Dump completed on 2013-09-10 18:56:06

#將輸入成果保留到文件中
[root@serv01 databackup]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --database larrydb > larrydb.sql

第五步，模仿數據喪失，進入MySQL，刪除數據庫

[root@serv01 data]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.29-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database  |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| crm  |
| game  |
| hello  |
| larrydb  |
| mnt  |
| mysql  |
| performance_schema |
| test  |
+--------------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop database larrydb;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database  |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| crm  |
| game  |
| hello  |
| mnt  |
| mysql  |
| performance_schema |
| test  |
+--------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye

第六步，導入數據

[root@serv01 databackup]# mysql -uroot -p123456 <larrydb.sql

第七步，登錄MySQL，檢查數據能否正常

[root@serv01 data]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.5.29-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show database;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'database' at line 1
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database  |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| crm  |
| game  |
| hello  |
| larrydb  |
| mnt  |
| mysql  |
| performance_schema |
| test  |
+--------------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use larrydb;
Database changed
mysql> select * from class;
+------+--------+
| cid | cname |
+------+--------+
| 1 | linux |
| 2 | oracle |
+------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from stu;
+------+---------+------+
| sid | sname | cid |
+------+---------+------+
| 1 | larry01 | 1 |
| 2 | larry02 | 2 |
+------+---------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

對多個庫停止備份
第一步，檢查有哪些數據庫

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database  |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| crm  |
| game  |
| hello  |
| larrydb  |
| mnt  |
| mysql  |
| performance_schema |
| test  |
+--------------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use game;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_game |
+----------------+
| country |
| fight  |
| hero  |
+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from country;
+-----+---------+----------+
| cno | cname | location |
+-----+---------+----------+
| 10 | caowei | luoyang |
| 20 | shuhan | chengdou |
| 30 | sunwu | nanjing |
| 40 | houhan | luoyang |
| 50 | beisong | kaifeng |
| 60 | 魏國 | 洛陽 |
+-----+---------+----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

第二步，備份多個庫

[root@serv01 databackup]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --databases larrydb game > larrydb_game.sql
[root@serv01 databackup]# ll larrydb_game.sql 
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6159 Sep 10 19:05 larrydb_game.sql

第三步，模仿數據喪失。

mysql> drop database game;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> drop database larrydb;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use crm;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_crm |
+---------------+
| test  |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop database crm;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

第四步，恢單數據

[root@serv01 databackup]# mysql -uroot -p123456 < larrydb_game.sql

第五步，檢查數據能否正常

[root@serv01 data]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 5.5.29-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database  |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| game  |
| hello  |
| larrydb  |
| mnt  |
| mysql  |
| performance_schema |
| test  |
+--------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use game;
Database changed
mysql> select * from country;
+-----+---------+----------+
| cno | cname | location |
+-----+---------+----------+
| 10 | caowei | luoyang |
| 20 | shuhan | chengdou |
| 30 | sunwu | nanjing |
| 40 | houhan | luoyang |
| 50 | beisong | kaifeng |
| 60 | 魏國 | 洛陽 |
+-----+---------+----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use larrydb;
Database changed
mysql> select * from class;
+------+--------+
| cid | cname |
+------+--------+
| 1 | linux |
| 2 | oracle |
+------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

備份一切的庫

[root@serv01 databackup]# mysqldump --help | grep all-database
OR mysqldump [OPTIONS] --all-databases [OPTIONS]
 -A, --all-databases Dump all the databases. This will be same as --databases
   --databases= or --all-databases), the logs will be
   --all-databases or --databases is given.
all-databases   FALSE

[root@serv01 databackup]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --all-databases > all_databases.sql
[root@serv01 databackup]# ll all_databases.sql -h
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 506K Sep 10 19:16 all_databases.sql

備份某張表或許某幾張表
第一步，備份某張表和某幾張表

[root@serv01 databackup]# mysqldump game hero country -uroot -p123456 > game_hero_country.sql
[root@serv01 databackup]# ll game_hero_country.sql 
-rw-r--r—. 1 root root 3955 Sep 10 19:11 game_hero_country.sql

第二步，模仿數據喪失

mysql> use game;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_game |
+----------------+
| country |
| fight  |
| hero  |
+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop table hero;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop table country;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

第三步，檢查數據能否正常

[root@serv01 databackup]# mysql -uroot -p123456 < game_hero_country.sql 
ERROR 1046 (3D000) at line 22: No database selected
[root@serv01 databackup]# mysql -uroot -p123456 --database game < game_hero_country.sql 

[root@serv01 databackup]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "select * from game.country"
+-----+---------+----------+
| cno | cname | location |
+-----+---------+----------+
| 10 | caowei | luoyang |
| 20 | shuhan | chengdou |
| 30 | sunwu | nanjing |
| 40 | houhan | luoyang |
| 50 | beisong | kaifeng |
| 60 | 魏國 | 洛陽 |
+-----+---------+----------+

經由過程這兩天關於MySQL熱備和冷備的進修，年夜家是否是對MySQL備份與恢復的懂得加倍深刻了，不論是冷備照樣熱備其目標都是分歧的包管數據的完全性和分歧性，切記，備份重於一切！！！

信任明天所學的常識在以後的進修任務中對年夜家有所贊助。