程式師世界 >> 數據庫知識 >> Oracle數據庫 >> Oracle教程 >> ORA-12547:TNS:lostcontact錯誤處理

ORA-12547:TNS:lostcontact錯誤處理

編輯：Oracle教程

ORA-12547:TNS:lostcontact錯誤處理

閒來無事，配置一下oracle數據庫的隨系統自動重啟，查閱資料得知，主要需要配置/etc/oratab 和 rc.local。配置oracle隨系統自啟動主要使用了$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart文件。先把dbstart的內容貼出來，方便查看

#!/bin/sh
#
# $Id: dbstart.sh 22-may-2008.05:05:45 arogers Exp $ 
# Copyright (c) 1991, 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved.  
#

###################################
# 
# usage: dbstart $ORACLE_HOME
#
# This script is used to start ORACLE from /etc/rc(.local).
# It should ONLY be executed as part of the system boot procedure.
#
# This script will start all databases listed in the oratab file
# whose third field is a "Y".  If the third field is set to "Y" and
# there is no ORACLE_SID for an entry (the first field is a *),
# then this script will ignore that entry.
#
# This script requires that ASM ORACLE_SID's start with a +, and 
# that non-ASM instance ORACLE_SID's do not start with a +.
#
# If ASM instances are to be started with this script, it cannot
# be used inside an rc*.d directory, and should be invoked from
# rc.local only. Otherwise, the CSS service may not be available
# yet, and this script will block init from completing the boot
# cycle.
#
# If you want dbstart to auto-start a single-instance database that uses
# an ASM server that is auto-started by CRS (this is the default behavior
# for an ASM cluster), you must change the database's ORATAB entry to use
# a third field of "W" and the ASM's ORATAB entry to use a third field of "N".
# These values specify that dbstart auto-starts the database only after
# the ASM instance is up and running.
#
# Note:
# Use ORACLE_TRACE=T for tracing this script.
#
# The progress log for each instance bringup plus Error and Warning message[s]
# are logged in file $ORACLE_HOME/startup.log. The error messages related to 
# instance bringup are also logged to syslog (system log module).
# The Listener log is located at $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/listener.log
# 
# On all UNIX platforms except SOLARIS
# ORATAB=/etc/oratab
#
# To configure, update ORATAB with Instances that need to be started up
#    Entries are of the form:
#    $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y|W>:
#    An example entry:
#    main:/usr/lib/oracle/emagent_10g:Y
#
# Overall algorithm:
# 1) Bring up all ASM instances with 'Y' entry in status field in oratab entry
# 2) Bring up all Database instances with 'Y' entry in status field in
#    oratab entry
# 3) If there are Database instances with 'W' entry in status field
#    then
#      iterate over all ASM instances (irrespective of 'Y' or 'N') AND
#      wait for all of them to be started
#    fi
# 4) Bring up all Database instances with 'W' entry in status field in
#    oratab entry
#
#####################################

LOGMSG="logger -puser.alert -s "

trap 'exit' 1 2 3

# for script tracing
case $ORACLE_TRACE in
  T) set -x ;;
esac
    
# Set path if path not set (if called from /etc/rc)
SAVE_PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/etc:${PATH} ; export PATH
SAVE_LLP=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

# First argument is used to bring up Oracle Net Listener
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1
if [ ! $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER ] ; then
  echo "ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener"
  echo "Usage: $0 ORACLE_HOME"
else
  LOG=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/listener.log

  # Set the ORACLE_HOME for the Oracle Net Listener, it gets reset to
  # a different ORACLE_HOME for each entry in the oratab.
  export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER

  # Start Oracle Net Listener
  if [ -x $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr ] ; then
    echo "$0: Starting Oracle Net Listener" >> $LOG 2>&1
    $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl start >> $LOG 2>&1 &
    VER10LIST=`$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl version | grep "LSNRCTL for " | cut -d' ' -f5 | cut -d'.' -f1`
    export VER10LIST
  else
    echo "Failed to auto-start Oracle Net Listener using $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr"
  fi
fi

# Set this in accordance with the platform
ORATAB=/etc/oratab
if [ ! $ORATAB ] ; then
  echo "$ORATAB not found"
  exit 1;
fi

# Checks Version Mismatch between Listener and Database Instance.
# A version 10 listener is required for an Oracle Database 10g database.
# Previous versions of the listener are not supported for use with an Oracle
# Database 10g database. However, it is possible to use a version 10 listener
# with previous versions of the Oracle database.
checkversionmismatch() {
  if [ $VER10LIST ] ; then
    VER10INST=`sqlplus -V | grep "Release " | cut -d' ' -f3 | cut -d'.' -f1`
    if [ $VER10LIST -lt $VER10INST ] ; then
      $LOGMSG "Listener version $VER10LIST NOT supported with Database version $VER10INST"
      $LOGMSG "Restart Oracle Net Listener using an alternate ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER:"
      $LOGMSG "lsnrctl start"
    fi
  fi
}

# Starts a Database Instance
startinst() {
  # Called programs use same database ID
  export ORACLE_SID

  # Put $ORACLE_HOME/bin into PATH and export.
  PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:${SAVE_PATH} ; export PATH
  # add for bug # 652997
  LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/lib:${SAVE_LLP} ; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
  PFILE=${ORACLE_HOME}/dbs/init${ORACLE_SID}.ora
  SPFILE=${ORACLE_HOME}/dbs/spfile${ORACLE_SID}.ora
  SPFILE1=${ORACLE_HOME}/dbs/spfile.ora

  echo ""
  echo "$0: Starting up database \"$ORACLE_SID\""
  date
  echo ""

  checkversionmismatch

  # See if it is a V6 or V7 database
  VERSION=undef
  if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqldba ] ; then
    SQLDBA=sqldba
    VERSION=`$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqldba command=exit | awk '
      /SQL\*DBA: (Release|Version)/ {split($3, V, ".") ;
      print V[1]}'`
    case $VERSION in
      "6") ;;
      *) VERSION="internal" ;;
    esac
  else
    if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/svrmgrl ] ; then
      SQLDBA=svrmgrl
      VERSION="internal"
    else
      SQLDBA="sqlplus /nolog"
    fi
  fi

  STATUS=1
  if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/sgadef${ORACLE_SID}.dbf ] ; then
    STATUS="-1"
  fi
  if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/sgadef${ORACLE_SID}.ora ] ; then
    STATUS="-1"
  fi
  pmon=`ps -ef | grep -w "ora_pmon_$ORACLE_SID"  | grep -v grep`
  if [ "$pmon" != "" ] ; then
    STATUS="-1"
    $LOGMSG "Warning: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" already started."
  fi

  if [ $STATUS -eq -1 ] ; then
    $LOGMSG "Warning: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" possibly left running when system went down (system crash?)."
    $LOGMSG "Action: Notify Database Administrator."
    case $VERSION in
      "6")  sqldba "command=shutdown abort" ;;
      "internal")  $SQLDBA $args <<EOF
connect internal
shutdown abort
EOF
        ;;
      *)  $SQLDBA $args <<EOF
connect / as sysdba
shutdown abort
quit
EOF
        ;;
    esac

    if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then
      STATUS=1
    else
      $LOGMSG "Error: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" NOT started."
    fi
  fi

  if [ $STATUS -eq 1 ] ; then
    if [ -e $SPFILE -o -e $SPFILE1 -o -e $PFILE ] ; then
      case $VERSION in
        "6")  sqldba command=startup ;;
        "internal")  $SQLDBA <<EOF 
connect internal
startup
EOF
          ;;
        *)  $SQLDBA <<EOF 
connect / as sysdba
startup
quit
EOF
          ;;
      esac

      if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then
        echo "" 
        echo "$0: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" warm started." 
      else
        $LOGMSG "" 
        $LOGMSG "Error: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" NOT started." 
      fi
    else
      $LOGMSG "" 
      $LOGMSG "No init file found for ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\"." 
      $LOGMSG "Error: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" NOT started." 
    fi
  fi
}

# Starts an ASM Instance
startasminst() {
  # Called programs use same database ID
  export ORACLE_SID
  ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -`
  # Called scripts use same home directory
  export ORACLE_HOME

  # For ASM instances, we have a dependency on the CSS service.
  # Wait here for it to become available before instance startup.

  # Is the 10g install intact? Are all necessary binaries present?
  if [ ! -x $ORACLE_HOME/bin/crsctl ]; then
    $LOGMSG "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/crsctl not found when attempting to start"
    $LOGMSG "  ASM instance $ORACLE_SID."

  else 
    COUNT=0
    $ORACLE_HOME/bin/crsctl check css
    RC=$?
    while [ "$RC" != "0" ];
      do
      COUNT=`expr $COUNT + 1`
      if [ $COUNT = 15 ] ; then
        # 15 tries with 20 sec interval => 5 minutes timeout
        $LOGMSG "Timed out waiting to start ASM instance $ORACLE_SID"         
        $LOGMSG "  CSS service is NOT available."
        exit $COUNT
      fi
      $LOGMSG "Waiting for Oracle CSS service to be available before starting "
      $LOGMSG " ASM instance $ORACLE_SID. Wait $COUNT."
      sleep 20
      $ORACLE_HOME/bin/crsctl check css
      RC=$?
    done
  fi
  startinst
}

# Start of dbstartup script
#
# Loop for every entry in oratab file and and try to start
# that ORACLE.
#
# ASM instances need to be started before 'Database instances'
# ASM instance is identified with '+' prefix in ORACLE_SID
# Following loop brings up ASM instance[s]

cat $ORATAB | while read LINE
do
case $LINE in
  \#*)                ;;        #comment-line in oratab
  *)
  ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`
  if [ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then
    # same as NULL SID - ignore this entry
    ORACLE_SID=""
    continue
  fi
  # Proceed only if last field is 'Y'.
  if [ "`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $NF}' -`" = "Y" ] ; then
    # If ASM instances
    if [ `echo $ORACLE_SID | cut -b 1` = '+' ]; then
      INST="ASM instance"
      ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -`
      # Called scripts use same home directory
      export ORACLE_HOME
      # file for logging script's output
      LOG=$ORACLE_HOME/startup.log
      touch $LOG
      chmod a+r $LOG
      echo "Processing $INST \"$ORACLE_SID\": log file $ORACLE_HOME/startup.log"
      startasminst >> $LOG 2>&1
    fi
  fi
  ;;
esac
done

# exit if there was any trouble bringing up ASM instance[s]
if [ "$?" != "0" ] ; then
  exit 2
fi

#
# Following loop brings up 'Database instances'
#
cat $ORATAB | while read LINE
do
case $LINE in
  \#*)                ;;        #comment-line in oratab
  *)
  ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`
  if [ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then
    # same as NULL SID - ignore this entry
    ORACLE_SID=""
    continue
  fi
  # Proceed only if last field is 'Y'.
  if [ "`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $NF}' -`" = "Y" ] ; then
    # If non-ASM instances
    if [ `echo $ORACLE_SID | cut -b 1` != '+' ]; then
      INST="Database instance"
      ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -`
      # Called scripts use same home directory
      export ORACLE_HOME
      # file for logging script's output
      LOG=$ORACLE_HOME/startup.log
      touch $LOG
      chmod a+r $LOG
      echo "Processing $INST \"$ORACLE_SID\": log file $ORACLE_HOME/startup.log"
      startinst >> $LOG 2>&1
    fi
  fi
  ;;
esac
done

#
# Following loop brings up 'Database instances' that have wait state 'W'
#
cat $ORATAB | while read LINE
do
case $LINE in
  \#*)                ;;        #comment-line in oratab
  *)
  ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`
  if [ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then
    # same as NULL SID - ignore this entry
    ORACLE_SID=""
    continue
  fi
  # Proceed only if last field is 'W'.
  if [ "`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $NF}' -`" = "W" ] ; then
    W_ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`
    # DB instances with 'W' (wait state) have a dependency on ASM instances via CRS.
    # Wait here for 'all' ASM instances to become available.
    cat $ORATAB | while read LINE
    do
    case $LINE in
      \#*)                ;;        #comment-line in oratab
      *)
      ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`
      if [ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then
        # same as NULL SID - ignore this entry
        ORACLE_SID=""
        continue
      fi
      if [ `echo $ORACLE_SID | cut -b 1` = '+' ]; then
        INST="ASM instance"
        ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -`
        if [ -x $ORACLE_HOME/bin/srvctl ] ; then
          COUNT=0
          NODE=`olsnodes -l`
          RNODE=`srvctl status asm -n $NODE | grep "$ORACLE_SID is running"`
          RC=$?
          while [ "$RC" != "0" ]; # wait until this comes up!
          do
            COUNT=$((COUNT+1))
            if [ $COUNT = 5 ] ; then
              # 5 tries with 60 sec interval => 5 minutes timeout
              $LOGMSG "Error: Timed out waiting on CRS to start ASM instance $ORACLE_SID"         
              exit $COUNT
            fi
            $LOGMSG "Waiting for Oracle CRS service to start ASM instance $ORACLE_SID"
            $LOGMSG "Wait $COUNT."
            sleep 60
            RNODE=`srvctl status asm -n $NODE | grep "$ORACLE_SID is running"`
            RC=$?
          done
        else
          $LOGMSG "Error: \"${W_ORACLE_SID}\" has dependency on ASM instance \"${ORACLE_SID}\""
          $LOGMSG "Error: Need $ORACLE_HOME/bin/srvctl to check this dependency"
        fi
      fi     # asm instance
      ;;
    esac
    done # innner while
  fi
  ;;
esac
done # outer while

# by now all the ASM instances have come up and we can proceed to bring up
# DB instance with 'W' wait status

cat $ORATAB | while read LINE
do
case $LINE in
  \#*)                ;;        #comment-line in oratab
  *)
  ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`
  if [ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then
    # same as NULL SID - ignore this entry
    ORACLE_SID=""
    continue
  fi
  # Proceed only if last field is 'W'.
  if [ "`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $NF}' -`" = "W" ] ; then
    INST="Database instance"
    if [ `echo $ORACLE_SID | cut -b 1` = '+' ]; then
      $LOGMSG "Error: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" NOT started"
      $LOGMSG "Error: incorrect usage: 'W' not allowed for ASM instances"
      continue
    fi
    ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -`
    # Called scripts use same home directory
    export ORACLE_HOME
    # file for logging script's output
    LOG=$ORACLE_HOME/startup.log
    touch $LOG
    chmod a+r $LOG
    echo "Processing $INST \"$ORACLE_SID\": log file $ORACLE_HOME/startup.log"
    startinst >> $LOG 2>&1
  fi
  ;;
esac
done

從上面可以看出，oracle是通過rc.local來自啟動的，啟動的過程中會檢測/etc/oratab來決定啟動哪個實例。廢話少說，動起來先，配置 rc.local文件如下

[root@yue rc.d]# cat rc.local                                                                                                                 
#!/bin/bash                                                                                                                                   
su - oraele -c "/home/app/oraele/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"

配置/etc/oratab文件如下

[root@yue rc.d]# cat /etc/oratab 
#                                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                              
# This file is used by ORACLE utilities.  It is created by root.sh                                                                            
# and updated by the Database Configuration Assistant when creating                                                                           
# a database.                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                              
# A colon, ':', is used as the field terminator.  A new line terminates                                                                       
# the entry.  Lines beginning with a pound sign, '#', are comments.
#
# Entries are of the form:
#   $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>:
#
# The first and second fields are the system identifier and home
# directory of the database respectively.  The third filed indicates
# to the dbstart utility that the database should , "Y", or should not,
# "N", be brought up at system boot time.
#
# Multiple entries with the same $ORACLE_SID are not allowed.
#
#
oraten:/home/app/oraten/product/10.2.0/db_1:Y
oraele:/home/app/oraele/product/11.2.0/db_1:Y

oraten和oraele分別屬於用戶oraten 和oraele,用戶屬性如下：

[root@yue rc.d]# id oraten
uid=1001(oraten) gid=1002(oinstall) 組=1002(oinstall),1001(dba)
[root@yue rc.d]# id oraele
uid=1522(oraele) gid=1002(oinstall) 組=1002(oinstall),1001(dba)

手工測試dbstart腳本能否正常執行，

[oraele@yue ~]$ dbstart $ORACLE_HOME

問題出現了，只有oraele實例啟動，初步估計是用戶權限的問題，在oraele用戶下，設置oraten用戶的環境變量，然後啟動sqlplus，報如下錯誤：

oraele@yue db_1]$ ./bin/sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 星期四 12月 4 14:13:30 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

SQL> conn / as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-12547: TNS:lost contact

網絡搜集資料如下：

1:缺少必要安裝包，glibc glibc-devel libaio libaio-devel

2:$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle文件的權限不對

3:系統內核配置不正確，如文件數量限制等

4:環境變量設置不正確

5：檢查$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle 和 $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/config.o 的文件大小是否為0，若為0需要重新編譯

經查看oacle文件的權限不對，當前設置為：

[oraele@yue bin]$ ll oracle
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oraten oinstall 125155528 8月  19 21:07 oracle

修改如下：

[root@yue bin]# chmod 6751 oracle
[root@yue bin]# ll oracle
-rwsr-s--x 1 oraten oinstall 125155528 8月  19 21:07 oracle

文件權限的詳細說明如下：

u：User，即文件或目錄的擁有者。
g：Group，即文件或目錄的所屬群組。
o：Other，除了文件或目錄擁有者或所屬群組之外，其他用戶皆屬於這個范圍。
a：All，即全部的用戶，包含擁有者，所屬群組以及其他用戶。
有關權限代號的部分，列表於下：
r：讀取權限，數字代號為"4"。
w：寫入權限，數字代號為"2"。
x：執行或切換權限，數字代號為"1"。
-：不具任何權限，數字代號為"0"。
s：當文件被執行時，根據who參數指定的用戶類型設置文件的setuid或者setgid權限。

看來oracle文件的默認權限是具有s的，而我們手工對其進行了修改，看來在安裝完數據庫後，即使我們執行chmod -R 777 $ORACLE_HOME的操作也可能是有問題的，

修改權限後，重啟系統，一切正常