SQL> select * from dba_roles where role='DBA'; ROLE PASSWORD_REQUIRED ------------------------------ ----------------- DBA NOdba_roles是查詢所有系統角色，從結果上看DBA是系統角色，不是權限，同樣dba_roles中沒有sysdba和sysoper說明這兩個不是角色。
SQL> select * from dba_role_privs where granted_role='DBA' and (grantee='SYS' or grantee='SYSTEM'); GRANTEE GRANTED_ROLE ADMIN_OPTION DEFAULT_ROLE ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------ ------------ SYS DBA YES YES SYSTEM DBA YES YESDBA_ROLE_PRIVS是查詢所有用戶或角色對應的角色，從結果上看sys和system都有DBA的角色。
SQL> select * from v$pwfile_users; USERNAME SYSDBA SYSOPER ------------------------------ ------ ------- SYS TRUE TRUE
SQL> select * from system_privilege_map;
PRIVILEGE NAME PROPERTY
---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------
-3 ALTER SYSTEM 0
-4 AUDIT SYSTEM 0
-5 CREATE SESSION 0
-6 ALTER SESSION 0
-7 RESTRICTED SESSION 0
-10 CREATE TABLESPACE 0
-11 ALTER TABLESPACE 0
-12 MANAGE TABLESPACE 0
-13 DROP TABLESPACE 0
-15 UNLIMITED TABLESPACE 0
-20 CREATE USER 0
-21 BECOME USER 0
-22 ALTER USER 0
-23 DROP USER 0
-30 CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT 0
-31 ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT 0
-32 DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT 0
-40 CREATE TABLE 0
-41 CREATE ANY TABLE 0
-42 ALTER ANY TABLE 0
PRIVILEGE NAME PROPERTY
---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------
-43 BACKUP ANY TABLE 0
-44 DROP ANY TABLE 0
-45 LOCK ANY TABLE 0
-46 COMMENT ANY TABLE 0
-47 SELECT ANY TABLE 0
-48 INSERT ANY TABLE 0
-49 UPDATE ANY TABLE 0
-50 DELETE ANY TABLE 0
-60 CREATE CLUSTER 0
-61 CREATE ANY CLUSTER 0
-62 ALTER ANY CLUSTER 0
-63 DROP ANY CLUSTER 0
-71 CREATE ANY INDEX 0
-72 ALTER ANY INDEX 0
-73 DROP ANY INDEX 0
-80 CREATE SYNONYM 0
-81 CREATE ANY SYNONYM 0
-82 DROP ANY SYNONYM 0
-83 SYSDBA 0
-84 SYSOPER 0
-85 CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM 0
PRIVILEGE NAME PROPERTY
---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------
-86 DROP PUBLIC SYNONYM 0
-90 CREATE VIEW 0
-91 CREATE ANY VIEW 0
-92 DROP ANY VIEW 0
-105 CREATE SEQUENCE 0
-106 CREATE ANY SEQUENCE 0
-107 ALTER ANY SEQUENCE 0
-108 DROP ANY SEQUENCE 0
-109 SELECT ANY SEQUENCE 0
-115 CREATE DATABASE LINK 0
-120 CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK 0
-121 DROP PUBLIC DATABASE LINK 0
-125 CREATE ROLE 0
-126 DROP ANY ROLE 0
-127 GRANT ANY ROLE 0
-128 ALTER ANY ROLE 0
-130 AUDIT ANY 0
-135 ALTER DATABASE 0
-138 FORCE TRANSACTION 0
-139 FORCE ANY TRANSACTION 0
-140 CREATE PROCEDURE 0
PRIVILEGE NAME PROPERTY
---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------
-141 CREATE ANY PROCEDURE 0
-142 ALTER ANY PROCEDURE 0
-143 DROP ANY PROCEDURE 0
-144 EXECUTE ANY PROCEDURE 0
-151 CREATE TRIGGER 0
-152 CREATE ANY TRIGGER 0
-153 ALTER ANY TRIGGER 0
-154 DROP ANY TRIGGER 0
-160 CREATE PROFILE 0
-161 ALTER PROFILE 0
-162 DROP PROFILE 0
-163 ALTER RESOURCE COST 0
-165 ANALYZE ANY 0
-167 GRANT ANY PRIVILEGE 0
-172 CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW 0
-173 CREATE ANY MATERIALIZED VIEW 0
-174 ALTER ANY MATERIALIZED VIEW 0
-175 DROP ANY MATERIALIZED VIEW 0
-177 CREATE ANY DIRECTORY 0
-178 DROP ANY DIRECTORY 0
-180 CREATE TYPE 0
PRIVILEGE NAME PROPERTY
---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------
-181 CREATE ANY TYPE 0
-182 ALTER ANY TYPE 0
-183 DROP ANY TYPE 0
-184 EXECUTE ANY TYPE 0
-186 UNDER ANY TYPE 0
-188 CREATE LIBRARY 0
-189 CREATE ANY LIBRARY 0
-190 ALTER ANY LIBRARY 0
-191 DROP ANY LIBRARY 0
-192 EXECUTE ANY LIBRARY 0
-200 CREATE OPERATOR 0
-201 CREATE ANY OPERATOR 0
-202 ALTER ANY OPERATOR 0
-203 DROP ANY OPERATOR 0
-204 EXECUTE ANY OPERATOR 0
-205 CREATE INDEXTYPE 0
-206 CREATE ANY INDEXTYPE 0
-207 ALTER ANY INDEXTYPE 0
-208 DROP ANY INDEXTYPE 0
-209 UNDER ANY VIEW 0
-210 QUERY REWRITE 0
PRIVILEGE NAME PROPERTY
---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------
-211 GLOBAL QUERY REWRITE 0
-212 EXECUTE ANY INDEXTYPE 0
-213 UNDER ANY TABLE 0
-214 CREATE DIMENSION 0
-215 CREATE ANY DIMENSION 0
-216 ALTER ANY DIMENSION 0
-217 DROP ANY DIMENSION 0
-218 MANAGE ANY QUEUE 1
-219 ENQUEUE ANY QUEUE 1
-220 DEQUEUE ANY QUEUE 1
-222 CREATE ANY CONTEXT 0
-223 DROP ANY CONTEXT 0
-224 CREATE ANY OUTLINE 0
-225 ALTER ANY OUTLINE 0
-226 DROP ANY OUTLINE 0
-227 ADMINISTER RESOURCE MANAGER 1
-228 ADMINISTER DATABASE TRIGGER 0
-233 MERGE ANY VIEW 0
-234 ON COMMIT REFRESH 0
-235 EXEMPT ACCESS POLICY 0
-236 RESUMABLE 0
PRIVILEGE NAME PROPERTY
---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------
-237 SELECT ANY DICTIONARY 0
-238 DEBUG CONNECT SESSION 0
-241 DEBUG ANY PROCEDURE 0
-243 FLASHBACK ANY TABLE 0
-244 GRANT ANY OBJECT PRIVILEGE 0
-245 CREATE EVALUATION CONTEXT 1
-246 CREATE ANY EVALUATION CONTEXT 1
-247 ALTER ANY EVALUATION CONTEXT 1
-248 DROP ANY EVALUATION CONTEXT 1
-249 EXECUTE ANY EVALUATION CONTEXT 1
-250 CREATE RULE SET 1
-251 CREATE ANY RULE SET 1
-252 ALTER ANY RULE SET 1
-253 DROP ANY RULE SET 1
-254 EXECUTE ANY RULE SET 1
-255 EXPORT FULL DATABASE 0
-256 IMPORT FULL DATABASE 0
-257 CREATE RULE 1
-258 CREATE ANY RULE 1
-259 ALTER ANY RULE 1
-260 DROP ANY RULE 1
PRIVILEGE NAME PROPERTY
---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------
-261 EXECUTE ANY RULE 1
-262 ANALYZE ANY DICTIONARY 0
-263 ADVISOR 0
-264 CREATE JOB 0
-265 CREATE ANY JOB 0
-266 EXECUTE ANY PROGRAM 0
-267 EXECUTE ANY CLASS 0
-268 MANAGE SCHEDULER 0
-269 SELECT ANY TRANSACTION 0
-270 DROP ANY SQL PROFILE 0
-271 ALTER ANY SQL PROFILE 0
-272 ADMINISTER SQL TUNING SET 0
-273 ADMINISTER ANY SQL TUNING SET 0
-274 CREATE ANY SQL PROFILE 0
-275 EXEMPT IDENTITY POLICY 0
-276 MANAGE FILE GROUP 1
-277 MANAGE ANY FILE GROUP 1
-278 READ ANY FILE GROUP 1
-279 CHANGE NOTIFICATION 0
-280 CREATE EXTERNAL JOB 0
166 rows selected
system_privilege_map是查詢所有系統權限，總共有166個系統權限，但沒有sysdba和sysoper。V$PWFILE_USERS是查詢所有擁有sysdba和sysoper權限的用戶，系統默認只有sys有sysdba和sysoper權限。結合可以看出sysdba和sysoper數據庫管理的特殊權限是不存在數據庫中的，接下來再看看sysdba和sysoper權限的區別（網上有很多我只粘來一張圖片）。 
導出具體分為：導出表、導出方案、導出數據庫三中方式（可以在cmd下導出也可以在oracle的bin目錄下exp.exe下導出）。導出使用exp命令來完成，學用的選項有： userid：指定執行導出操作的用戶名，口令，連接字符串。 table：指定導出操作的表。 owner：指定執行導出操作的方案。 full=y：指定執行導出操作的數據庫。 rows：指定執行導出操作是否導出表中的數據。 inctype：指定執行導出操作的增量類型。 file：指定導出文件名。 實例：（導出表）exp userid=scott/scott@orcl tables=(emp,dept) file=d:\data.dmp; （導出方案）exp userid=scott/scott@orcl owner=(scott) file=d:\data.dmp; （導出數據庫）exp userid=system/orclt@orcl full=y inctype=complete file=d:\data.dmp;
（2）導入
導入就是使用工具import將文件中的對象和數據導入到數據庫中，但導入要使用的文件必須是exp所導出的文件。
imp常用的選項有
userid：指定執行導出操作的用戶名，口令，連接字符串。 table：指定導出操作的表。 fromuser：指定源用戶。 touser：指定目標用戶。 file：指定導入文件名。 full=y：指定執行導入整個文件。 rows：指定執行導出操作是否導出表中的數據。 inctype：指定執行導出操作的增量類型。 ignore：如果表存在，則只導入數據。
