配置靜態監聽解決ORA-12514錯誤的案例

配置靜態監聽解決ORA-12514錯誤的案例

今天做Linux下DG配置的時候，遇到一個現象，tnsname.ora文件配置都正常，tnsping也正常，監聽也正常，但是仍然報ORA-12514錯誤：
SQL> set lin 130 pages 130 SQL> select dest_id,error from v$archive_dest;
DEST_ID ERROR ---------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1 2 ORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
--查看主庫監聽 SQL> !lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:31:46
Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=prd)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production Start Date 08-OCT-2014 10:34:51 Uptime 0 days 1 hr. 56 min. 54 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=prd)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0))) Services Summary... Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s). Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "prd" has 1 instance(s). Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "prdXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "prd_XPT" has 1 instance(s). Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
--tnsnames.ora文件內容 # tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = PLSExtProc) (PRESENTATION = RO) ) )
PRD = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = prd)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = prd) ) )
STD = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = prd) ) )
--主庫tnsping測試網絡服務名是否正常 SQL> !tnsping prd
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:32:35
Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = prd)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = prd))) OK (10 msec)
SQL> !tnsping std
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:32:43
Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = prd))) OK (20 msec)
--查看備庫監聽 [oracle@std ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:29:52
Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=std)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production Start Date 08-OCT-2014 09:41:41 Uptime 0 days 2 hr. 48 min. 11 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=std)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0))) Services Summary... Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s). Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "std" has 1 instance(s). Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "std_XPT" has 1 instance(s). Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
--查看備庫遠程歸檔路徑 SQL> set lin 130 pages 130 SQL> col error for a20
SQL> select dest_id,error,status from v$archive_dest;
DEST_ID ERROR STATUS ---------- -------------------- --------- 1 VALID 2 VALID 3 INACTIVE 4 INACTIVE 5 INACTIVE 6 INACTIVE 7 INACTIVE 8 INACTIVE 9 INACTIVE 10 INACTIVE 11 VALID
--備庫tnsping測試網絡服務器名是否正常 SQL> !tnsping prd
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:39:40
Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = prd)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = prd))) OK (20 msec)
SQL> !tnsping std
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:39:44
Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = prd))) OK (10 msec)
tnsping測試下來也都是通的，這就比較奇怪了，但是ORA-12514錯誤很明顯是指監聽方面的問題，導致服務名無法解析，由於主備庫采用的是同一個實例名，因此兩邊的instance_name用的都是prd，乍一看好像很正常，但是解析確實出現了問題，那麼怎麼辦呢？
之前僅僅只是給服務器配置了一個動態監聽，內容如下：
--主庫監聽listener.ora # listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1) (PROGRAM = extproc) ) )
LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = prd)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0)) ) )
--主庫監聽listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1) (PROGRAM = extproc) ) )
LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0)) ) )
可以看到，區別僅僅是主機名不同而已，一個是prd，另一個是std，靜態監聽並未配置，即SID_LIST_LISTENER這一項裡面的欄目，那麼現在為主備庫都配置一個監聽。靜態監聽可以用netmgr配置，這裡為了方便，不再進入圖形界面執行該命令，而是直接通過修改listener.ora文件來達到目的，其效果是一樣的，在原來的listener.ora文件中的SID_LIST_LISTENER中添加如下內容（紅色部分）：
SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = prd) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1) (SID_NAME = prd) ) (SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1) (PROGRAM = extproc) ) )
LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0)) ) )
注意，加上的內容中，SID_NAME，即instance_name，而GLOBAL_DBNAME，即tnsnames.ora中的SERVICE_NAME，由於tnsnames.ora中的SERVICE_NAME都是prd，因此這裡的兩個名字是一樣的，不會有什麼影響，把修改好的文件替換掉原文件，再重新加載監聽文件
SQL> ! [oracle@prd ~]$ lsnrctl reload
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:55:17
Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=prd)(PORT=1521))) The command completed successfully [oracle@prd ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:55:24
Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=prd)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production Start Date 08-OCT-2014 10:34:51 Uptime 0 days 2 hr. 20 min. 33 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=prd)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0))) Services Summary... Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s). Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "prd" has 2 instance(s). Instance "prd", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "prdXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "prd_XPT" has 1 instance(s). Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully [oracle@prd ~]$
注意，這個UNKNOW的prd實例對應的服務名prd就是剛才我們通過靜態監聽發現的服務名，同那樣地，備庫也重新加載監聽：
[oracle@std ~]$ lsnrctl reload
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:57:15
Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=std)(PORT=1521))) The command completed successfully [oracle@std ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 08-OCT-2014 12:57:25
Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=std)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production Start Date 08-OCT-2014 09:41:41 Uptime 0 days 3 hr. 15 min. 44 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=std)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0))) Services Summary... Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s). Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "prd" has 1 instance(s). Instance "prd", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "std" has 1 instance(s). Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "std_XPT" has 1 instance(s). Instance "prd", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
可以看到，此時備庫也多了一個UNKNOWN的，和實例名prd對應的服務prd
--再次查看主庫遠程歸檔路徑狀態 SQL> select dest_id,status,error from v$archive_dest_status;
DEST_ID STATUS ERROR ---------- --------- -------------------- 1 VALID 2 VALID 3 INACTIVE 4 INACTIVE 5 INACTIVE 6 INACTIVE 7 INACTIVE 8 INACTIVE 9 INACTIVE 10 INACTIVE
原來dest_id=2的那個遠程歸檔路徑的ORA-12514的問題解決了，此時歸檔日志就可以通過網路遠程傳輸到備庫相應的歸檔路徑中了，再執行redo apply也不會有任何問題了。
總結：
這個案例是由於主備庫都采用了同一個實例名產生的問題，當我們只配置一個默認的動態監聽，會發現主庫無法監聽到遠程備庫的相應服務，通過靜態監聽手動添加上與實例名對應的服務，才能解決這個問題。使用靜態監聽的另一個好處是，當Oracle數據庫實例還沒有啟動的時候，就會先把對應的服務和實例名，通過靜態配置的監聽文件給啟動起來，而不是等啟動實例後由pmon進程再去啟動，這樣速度更快。不用再等待若干秒，我們的客戶端就可以通過靜態監聽立即臉上數據庫服務器了，也就是說，可以不依賴服務器進程，完成監聽的工作。