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Oracle重建索引Shell腳本、SQL腳本分享，oracleshell

編輯：Oracle教程

Oracle重建索引Shell腳本、SQL腳本分享，oracleshell

索引是提高數據庫查詢性能的有力武器。沒有索引，就好比圖書館沒有圖書標簽一樣，找一本書自己想要的書比登天還難。然而索引在使用的過程中，尤其是在批量的DML的情形下會產生相應的碎片，以及B樹高度會發生相應變化，因此可以對這些變化較大的索引進行重構以提高性能。N久以前Oracle建議我們定期重建那些高度為4，已刪除的索引條目至少占有現有索引條目總數的20%的這些表上的索引。但Oracle現在強烈建議不要定期重建索引。具體可以參考文章：Oracle 重建索引的必要性。盡管如此重建索引還是有必要的，只是不建議定期。本文給出了重建索引的腳本供大家參考。

1、重建索引shell腳本

robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/bin> more rebuild_unbalanced_indices.sh 
# +-------------------------------------------------------+
# +  Rebulid unblanced indices             |
# +  Author : Leshami                  | 
# +  Parameter : No                   |
# +-------------------------------------------------------+

#!/bin/bash 
# --------------------
# Define variable
# --------------------

if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; then
. ~/.bash_profile
fi

DT=`date +%Y%m%d`;       export DT
RETENTION=1
LOG_DIR=/tmp
LOG=${LOG_DIR}/rebuild_unbalanced_indices_${DT}.log
[email protected]

# ------------------------------------
# Loop all instance in current server
# -------------------------------------
echo "Current date and time is : `/bin/date`">>${LOG}

for db in `ps -ef | grep pmon | grep -v grep |grep -v asm |awk '{print $8}'|cut -c 10-`
do
  echo "$db"
  export ORACLE_SID=$db
  echo "Current DB is $db" >>${LOG}
  echo "===============================================">>${LOG}
  $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus -S /nolog @/users/robin/dba_scripts/custom/sql/rebuild_unbalanced_indices.sql>>${LOG}
done;

echo "End of rebuilding index for all instance at : `/bin/date`">>${LOG}
# -------------------------------------
# Check log file 
# -------------------------------------
status=`grep "ORA-" ${LOG}`
if [ -z $status ];then
  mail -s "Succeeded rebuilding indices on `hostname` !!!" ${DBA} <${LOG}
else
  mail -s "Failed rebuilding indices on `hostname` !!!" ${DBA} <${LOG}
fi

# ------------------------------------------------
# Removing files older than $RETENTION parameter 
# ------------------------------------------------

find ${LOG_DIR} -name "rebuild_unb*" -mtime +$RETENTION -exec rm {} \;

exit

2、重建索引調用的SQL腳本

robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/sql> more rebuild_unbalanced_indices.sql 
conn / as sysdba
set serveroutput on;
DECLARE
  resource_busy        EXCEPTION;
  PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT (resource_busy, -54);
  c_max_trial    CONSTANT PLS_INTEGER := 10;
  c_trial_interval  CONSTANT PLS_INTEGER := 1;
  pmaxheight     CONSTANT INTEGER := 3;
  pmaxleafsdeleted  CONSTANT INTEGER := 20;

  CURSOR csrindexstats
  IS
   SELECT NAME,
       height,
       lf_rows AS leafrows,
       del_lf_rows AS leafrowsdeleted
    FROM index_stats;

  vindexstats         csrindexstats%ROWTYPE;

  CURSOR csrglobalindexes
  IS
   SELECT owner,index_name, tablespace_name
    FROM dba_indexes
    WHERE partitioned = 'NO'
    AND owner IN ('GX_ADMIN');

  CURSOR csrlocalindexes
  IS
   SELECT index_owner,index_name, partition_name, tablespace_name
    FROM dba_ind_partitions
    WHERE status = 'USABLE'
    AND index_owner IN ('GX_ADMIN');

  trial            PLS_INTEGER;
  vcount           INTEGER := 0;
BEGIN
  trial := 0;

  /* Global indexes */
  FOR vindexrec IN csrglobalindexes
  LOOP
   EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
     'analyze index ' || vindexrec.owner ||'.'|| vindexrec.index_name || ' validate structure';

   OPEN csrindexstats;

   FETCH csrindexstats INTO vindexstats;

   IF csrindexstats%FOUND
   THEN
     IF  (vindexstats.height > pmaxheight)
      OR (  vindexstats.leafrows > 0
        AND vindexstats.leafrowsdeleted > 0
        AND (vindexstats.leafrowsdeleted * 100 / vindexstats.leafrows) >
            pmaxleafsdeleted)
     THEN
      vcount := vcount + 1;
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (
        'Rebuilding index ' || vindexrec.owner ||'.'|| vindexrec.index_name || '...');

      <<alter_index>>
      BEGIN
        EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
           'alter index '
         || vindexrec.owner ||'.'
         || vindexrec.index_name
         || ' rebuild'
         || ' parallel nologging compute statistics'
         || ' tablespace '
         || vindexrec.tablespace_name;
      EXCEPTION
        WHEN resource_busy OR TIMEOUT_ON_RESOURCE
        THEN
         DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (
           'alter index - busy and wait for 1 sec');
         DBMS_LOCK.sleep (c_trial_interval);

         IF trial <= c_max_trial
         THEN
           GOTO alter_index;
         ELSE
           DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (
              'alter index busy and waited - quit after '
            || TO_CHAR (c_max_trial)
            || ' trials');
           RAISE;
         END IF;
        WHEN OTHERS
        THEN
         DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('alter index err ' || SQLERRM);
         RAISE;
      END;
     END IF;
   END IF;

   CLOSE csrindexstats;
  END LOOP;

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Global indices rebuilt: ' || TO_CHAR (vcount));
  vcount := 0;
  trial := 0;

  /* Local indexes */
  FOR vindexrec IN csrlocalindexes
  LOOP
   EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
      'analyze index '
     || vindexrec.index_owner||'.'
     || vindexrec.index_name
     || ' partition ('
     || vindexrec.partition_name
     || ') validate structure';

   OPEN csrindexstats;

   FETCH csrindexstats INTO vindexstats;

   IF csrindexstats%FOUND
   THEN
     IF  (vindexstats.height > pmaxheight)
      OR (  vindexstats.leafrows > 0
        AND vindexstats.leafrowsdeleted > 0
        AND (vindexstats.leafrowsdeleted * 100 / vindexstats.leafrows) >
            pmaxleafsdeleted)
     THEN
      vcount := vcount + 1;
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (
        'Rebuilding index ' || vindexrec.index_owner||'.'|| vindexrec.index_name || '...');

      <<alter_partitioned_index>>
      BEGIN
        EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
           'alter index '
         || vindexrec.index_owner||'.'
         || vindexrec.index_name
         || ' rebuild'
         || ' partition '
         || vindexrec.partition_name
         || ' parallel nologging compute statistics'
         || ' tablespace '
         || vindexrec.tablespace_name;
      EXCEPTION
        WHEN resource_busy OR TIMEOUT_ON_RESOURCE
        THEN
         DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (
           'alter partitioned index - busy and wait for 1 sec');
         DBMS_LOCK.sleep (c_trial_interval);

         IF trial <= c_max_trial
         THEN
           GOTO alter_partitioned_index;
         ELSE
           DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (
              'alter partitioned index busy and waited - quit after '
            || TO_CHAR (c_max_trial)
            || ' trials');
           RAISE;
         END IF;
        WHEN OTHERS
        THEN
         DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (
           'alter partitioned index err ' || SQLERRM);
         RAISE;
      END;
     END IF;
   END IF;

   CLOSE csrindexstats;
  END LOOP;

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Local indices rebuilt: ' || TO_CHAR (vcount));
END;
/
exit;

3、輸入日志樣本

Current date and time is : Sun Apr 20 02:00:02 HKT 2014 
Current DB is SYBO2 ===============================================
Rebuilding index GX_ADMIN.SYN_OUT_DATA_TBL_PK...
Rebuilding index GX_ADMIN.IDX_TDBK_SPLNK_PARENT_REF...
Rebuilding index GX_ADMIN.IDX_TDBK_SPLNK_CHILD_REF...
Rebuilding index GX_ADMIN.PK_TRADE_BROKER_TBL...
Rebuilding index GX_ADMIN.IDX_TDBK_INPUT_DATE...
  ................

4、後記

a、如果同一台服務器上有多個實例，且每個實例有相同的schema，此腳本會輪巡所有實例並根據analyze結果來rebuild。
a、大家應根據需要作相應調整，如腳本的路徑信息等。
b、需要修改相應的schema name。
d、可根據系統環境調整相應的並行度。

linux下編寫以個shell腳本，實現對oracle數據庫抽取指定條件的數據並且保存在一個文本文件中

empno=100不存在的，改成有的數據了。
#!/bin/bash
result=$(sqlplus -s 'scott/tiger@dbname'<<EOF
spool test.txt
set pages 0
set feed off
set heading off;
set feedback off;
set verify off;
set linesize 1000;
SELECT * FROM scott.emp where empno=7369;
spool off
EOF
)
echo $result
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
"test.sh" 14L, 256C written
oracle@****:~> ./test.sh
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 2240.06 20
oracle@****:~> more test.txt
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 2240.06
20