串口通信 UART通信
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;
entity UART is --通用異步串行收發器實體
Port ( UART_clk : in STD_LOGIC; --收發器時鐘輸入，50MHz
UART_rst : in std_logic;
UART_TX_buf : in STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 downto 0);
UART_TX_TI : out std_logic;
UART_TX_EN : in std_logic;
UART_TXD : out std_logic;
UART_baudrate : out STD_LOGIC); --收發器波特率輸出19200的14倍頻（測試完成後可以取消）
end UART;
architecture Behavioral of UART is
signal baudrate_counter :std_logic_vector(6 downto 0):="0000000"; --波特率發生器分頻計數器
signal baudrate_out :std_logic:='0'; --波特率發生器波特率信號
signal TX_clk : std_logic:='0';
signal tx_clk_counter : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) :="0000";
type TX_STATE is (TX_idle,TX_transfer);
signal TX_current_state,TX_next_state : Tx_state;
signal TX_buf_shift : std_logic_vector(9 downto 0):= "0111111111";
signal TX_counter :std_logic_vector(3 downto 0):="0000";
signal TX_start : std_logic:='0';
signal TXD_buf: std_logic:='0';
signal TX_TI : std_logic:='1';
begin
baudrate: process (UART_clk) --波特率發生器進程
begin
if rising_edge(UART_clk) then --對輸入時鐘進行分頻獲得所需波特率的14倍頻
if (baudrate_counter >= "1011100") then
baudrate_counter <= "0000000";
baudrate_out <= not baudrate_out;
else
baudrate_counter <= baudrate_counter + '1';
baudrate_out <= baudrate_out;
end if;
end if;
end process;
UART_baudrate <= baudrate_out; --將波特率信號傳給輸出接口
sync_proc_tx: process(baudrate_out,UART_rst) --同步進程，狀態機轉換
begin
if (UART_rst = '1') then
tx_current_state <= tx_idle;
elsif (falling_edge(baudrate_out)) then
tx_current_state <= TX_next_state;
end if;
end process;
comb_proc_tx: process(baudrate_out,UART_rst) --組合邏輯，狀態機轉換、輸出
begin
if (UART_rst = '1') then
TX_next_state <= TX_idle;
TX_counter <= "0000";
TXD_buf <= '1';
TX_start <= '0';
TX_TI <= '1';
TX_clk_counter <= "0000";
TX_buf_shift <= "1111111111";
elsif (rising_edge(baudrate_out)) then
case TX_current_state is
when TX_idle =>
if (UART_TX_EN = '1' and TX_TI = '1') then --如果滿足發送起始條件
TX_next_state <= TX_transfer; --轉換下一狀態到發送
TX_counter <= "1010"; --發送bit計數器置數，發送10個bit，8bit數據加上開始結束位
TXD_buf <= '1'; --發送寄存器發送‘1’
TX_start <= '1'; --發送過程標志
TX_TI <= '0'; --發送進行中標志，表示發送器不可用
TX_clk_counter <= "1101"; --分頻計數器置數
TX_buf_shift <= '1' & UART_TX_buf & '0'; --寄存器保存數據與開始結束位
else
TX_next_state <= TX_idle;
TX_counter <= "0000";
TXD_buf <= '1';
TX_start <= '0';
TX_TI <= '1';
TX_clk_counter <= "0000";
TX_buf_shift <= "1111111111";
end if;
when TX_transfer =>
if (TX_start = '1' and TX_TI = '0' and TX_counter /= "0000") then --進入正常發送狀態
if (TX_clk_counter >= "1101") then --如果分頻完成
TX_next_state <= TX_transfer; --沒有發送完成，繼續進入發送狀態
TX_counter <= TX_counter - '1'; --發送bit計數器自減
TXD_buf <= TX_buf_shift(0); --發送數據
TX_start <= '1'; --發送過程標志繼續允許
TX_TI <= '0'; --發送器不允許使用
TX_clk_counter <= "0000"; --分頻計數器清靈，繼續下一次
TX_buf_shift <= '1' & TX_buf_shift(9 downto 1); --數據移位
else
TX_next_state <= TX_transfer;
TX_counter <= TX_counter;
TXD_buf <= TXD_buf;
TX_start <= '1';
TX_TI <= '0';
TX_clk_counter <= TX_clk_counter + '1';
TX_buf_shift <= TX_buf_shift;
end if;
else
TX_next_state <= TX_idle;
TX_counter <= "0000";
TXD_buf <= '1';
TX_start <= '0';
TX_TI <= '1';
TX_clk_counter <= "0000";
TX_buf_shift <= "1111111111";
end if;
when others =>
TX_next_state <= TX_idle;
TX_counter <= "0000";
TXD_buf <= '1';
TX_start <= '0';
TX_TI <= '1';
TX_clk_counter <= "0000";
TX_buf_shift <= "1111111111";
end case;
end if;
end process;
UART_TXD <= TXD_buf;
UART_TX_TI <= TX_TI;
end Behavioral;
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.std_logic_arith.all;
use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
entity transmitter is
port(cs,clk,rx:in std_logic;
indata:in std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);
txd,ti:out std_logic);
end transmitter;
architecture tr1 of transmitter is
signal sig_count:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
signal sig_ti,sig_ti1,sig_txd,sig_buffer:std_logic;
signal sig_data:std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);
signal sig_txddata:std_logic_vector(9 downto 0);
begin
process(cs,clk,rx)
begin
if(clk'event and clk='1')then
if(cs='0')then
if(sig_buffer='0')then
if(rx='0')then
for i in 8 downto 1 loop
sig_txddata(i)<=indata(i-1);
end loop;
sig_txddata(9)<='0'; --加起始位
sig_data<=indata;
sig_buffer<='1';
end if;
else
for i in 9 downto 1 loop
sig_txddata(i)<=sig_txddata(i-1);
end loop;
sig_txd<=sig_txddata(9);
sig_txddata(0)<='1'; --加停止位
if(sig_count="1000")then
sig_count<="0000";
elsif(sig_count="0000"and sig_ti='1')then
sig_buffer<='0';
sig_ti<='0';
else
sig_count<=sig_count+'1';
sig_ti<='1';
end if;
end if;
end if;
end if;
end process;
process
begin
if(sig_ti='0')then
txd<='1';
else txd<=sig_txd;
end if;
end process;
ti<=not sig_ti;
end tr1;
