在.net4.0以後異步操作,並行計算變得異常簡單,但是由於公司項目開發基於.Net3.5所以無法用到4.0的並行計算以及Task等異步編程。因此,為了以後更方便的進行異步方式的開發,我封裝實現了異步編程框架,通過BeginInvoke、EndInvoke的方式實現異步編程。
一、框架結構
整個框架包括四個部分
1、基類抽象Opeartor
我把每個異步執行過程稱為一個Operate,因此需要一個Opeartor去執行
2、FuncAsync
異步的Func
3、ActionAsync
異步的Action
4、Asynchorus
對ActionAsync和FuncAsync的封裝
Operator
Operator是一個抽象類,實現了IOperationAsync和IContinueWithAsync兩個接口。
IOperationAsync實現了異步操作,IContinueWithAsync實現了類似於Task的ContinueWith方法,在當前異步操作完成後繼續進行的操作
IOperationAsync接口詳解
public interface IOperationAsync
{
IAsyncResult Invoke();
void Wait();
void CompletedCallBack(IAsyncResult ar);
void CatchException(Exception exception);
}
IContinueWithAsync接口詳情
public interface IContinueWithAsync
{
Operator Previous { get; set; }
Operator Next { get; set; }
Operator ContinueWithAsync(Action action);
Operator ContinueWithAsync<TParameter>(Action<TParameter> action, TParameter parameter);
}
Previous:前一個操作
Next:下一個操作
ContinueWithAsync():異步繼續操作
public abstract class Operator : IOperationAsync, IContinueWithAsync
{
public IAsyncResult Middle;
public readonly string Id;
public Exception Exception { get; private set; }
public Operator Previous { get; set; }
public Operator Next { get; set; }
protected Operator()
{
Id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
}
public abstract IAsyncResult Invoke();
protected void SetAsyncResult(IAsyncResult result)
{
this.Middle = result;
}
public virtual void Wait()
{
if (!Middle.IsCompleted) Middle.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne();
}
public virtual void CompletedCallBack(IAsyncResult ar)
{
}
public void CatchException(Exception exception)
{
this.Exception = exception;
}
protected Operator ContinueAsync()
{
if (Next != null) Next.Invoke();
return Next;
}
public virtual Operator ContinueWithAsync(Action action)
{
Next = new ActionAsync(action);
Next.Previous = this;
return Next;
}
public virtual Operator ContinueWithAsync<TParameter>(Action<TParameter> action, TParameter parameter)
{
Next = new ActionAsync<TParameter>(action, parameter);
Next.Previous = this;
return Next;
}
public virtual Operator ContinueWithAsync<TResult>(Func<TResult> func)
{
Next = new FuncAsync<TResult>();
Next.Previous = this;
return Next;
}
public virtual Operator ContinueWithAsync<TParameter, TResult>(Func<TParameter, TResult> func,
TParameter parameter)
{
Next = new FuncAsync<TParameter, TResult>(func, parameter);
Next.Previous = this;
return Next;
}
}
無返回異步操作
ActionAsync
public class ActionAsync : Operator
{
private readonly Action _action;
protected ActionAsync()
{
}
public ActionAsync(Action action)
: this()
{
this._action = action;
}
public override IAsyncResult Invoke()
{
var middle = _action.BeginInvoke(CompletedCallBack, null);
SetAsyncResult(middle);
return middle;
}
public override void CompletedCallBack(IAsyncResult ar)
{
try
{
_action.EndInvoke(ar);
}
catch (Exception exception)
{
this.CatchException(exception);
}
ContinueAsync();
}
}
public class ActionAsync<T> : ActionAsync
{
public T Result;
private readonly Action<T> _action1;
protected readonly T Parameter1;
public ActionAsync()
{
}
public ActionAsync(T parameter)
{
this.Parameter1 = parameter;
}
public ActionAsync(Action<T> action, T parameter)
{
this._action1 = action;
this.Parameter1 = parameter;
}
public override IAsyncResult Invoke()
{
var result = _action1.BeginInvoke(Parameter1, CompletedCallBack, null);
SetAsyncResult(result);
return result;
}
public override void CompletedCallBack(IAsyncResult ar)
{
try
{
_action1.EndInvoke(ar);
}
catch (Exception exception)
{
this.CatchException(exception);
}
ContinueAsync();
}
}
有返回異步
FuncAsync實現了IFuncOperationAsync接口
IFuncOperationAsync
public interface IFuncOperationAsync<T>
{
void SetResult(T result);
T GetResult();
}
1）、FuncAsync
public class FuncAsync<TResult> : Operator, IFuncOperationAsync<TResult>
{
private TResult _result;
public TResult Result
{
get
{
if (!Middle.IsCompleted || _result == null)
{
_result = GetResult();
}
return _result;
}
}
private readonly Func<TResult> _func1;
public FuncAsync()
{
}
public FuncAsync(Func<TResult> func)
{
this._func1 = func;
}
public override IAsyncResult Invoke()
{
var result = _func1.BeginInvoke(CompletedCallBack, null);
SetAsyncResult(result);
return result;
}
public override void CompletedCallBack(IAsyncResult ar)
{
try
{
var result = _func1.EndInvoke(ar);
SetResult(result);
}
catch (Exception exception)
{
this.CatchException(exception);
SetResult(default(TResult));
}
ContinueAsync();
}
public virtual TResult GetResult()
{
Wait();
return this._result;
}
public void SetResult(TResult result)
{
_result = result;
}
}
public class FuncAsync<T1, TResult> : FuncAsync<TResult>
{
protected readonly T1 Parameter1;
private readonly Func<T1, TResult> _func2;
public FuncAsync(Func<T1, TResult> action, T1 parameter1)
: this(parameter1)
{
this._func2 = action;
}
protected FuncAsync(T1 parameter1)
: base()
{
this.Parameter1 = parameter1;
}
public override IAsyncResult Invoke()
{
var result = _func2.BeginInvoke(Parameter1, CompletedCallBack, null);
SetAsyncResult(result);
return result;
}
public override void CompletedCallBack(IAsyncResult ar)
{
try
{
var result = _func2.EndInvoke(ar);
SetResult(result);
}
catch (Exception exception)
{
CatchException(exception);
SetResult(default(TResult));
}
ContinueAsync();
}
}
Asynchronous 異步操作封裝
ActionAsync和FuncAsync為異步操作打下了基礎,接下來最重要的工作就是通過這兩個類執行我們的異步操作,為此我封裝了一個異步操作類
主要封裝了以下幾個部分：
後面四個包含若干個重載,這裡只是籠統的代表一個類型的方法
WaitAll
public static void WaitAll(IEnumerable<Operator> Operations)
{
foreach (var @Operator in Operations)
{
@Operator.Wait();
}
}
WaitAny
public static void WaitAny(IEnumerable<Operator> Operations)
{
while (Operations.All(o => !o.Middle.IsCompleted))
Thread.Sleep(100);
}
等待時間可以自定義
ActionInvoke
public static Operator Invoke(Action action)
{
Operator Operation = new ActionAsync(action);
Operation.Invoke();
return Operation;
}
public static Operator Invoke<T>(Action<T> action, T parameter)
{
Operator Operation = new ActionAsync<T>(action, parameter);
Operation.Invoke();
return Operation;
}
public static Operator Invoke<T1, T2>(Action<T1, T2> action, T1 parameter1, T2 parameter2)
{
Operator Operation = new ActionAsync<T1, T2>(action, parameter1, parameter2);
Operation.Invoke();
return Operation;
}
FuncInvoke
public static Operator Invoke<TResult>(Func<TResult> func)
{
Operator Operation = new FuncAsync<TResult>(func);
Operation.Invoke();
return Operation;
}
public static Operator Invoke<TParameter, TResult>(Func<TParameter, TResult> func, TParameter parameter)
{
TParameter param = parameter;
Operator Operation = new FuncAsync<TParameter, TResult>(func, param);
Operation.Invoke();
return Operation;
}
public static Operator Invoke<T1, T2, TResult>(Func<T1, T2, TResult> func, T1 parameter1, T2 parameter2)
{
Operator Operation = new FuncAsync<T1, T2, TResult>(func, parameter1, parameter2);
Operation.Invoke();
return Operation;
}
ContinueWithAction
public static Operator ContinueWithAsync(IEnumerable<Operator>Operators, Action action)
{
return Invoke(WaitAll, Operators)
.ContinueWithAsync(action);
}
public static Operator ContinueWithAsync<TParameter>(IEnumerable<Operator> Operators, Action<TParameter> action, TParameter parameter)
{
return Invoke(WaitAll, Operators)
.ContinueWithAsync(action, parameter);
}
ContinueWithFunc
public static Operator ContinueWithAsync<TResult>(IEnumerable<Operator> Operators,Func<TResult> func)
{
return Invoke(WaitAll, Operators)
.ContinueWithAsync(func);
}
public static Operator ContinueWithAsync<TParameter, TResult>(IEnumerable<Operator> Operators,
Func<TParameter, TResult> func, TParameter parameter)
{
return Invoke(WaitAll, Operators)
.ContinueWithAsync(func, parameter);
}
這裡有個bug當調用ContinueWithAsync後無法調用Wait等待,本來Wait需要從前往後等待每個異步操作,但是測試了下不符合預期結果。不過理論上來說應該無需這樣操作,ContinueWithAsync只是為了當上一個異步操作執行完畢時繼續執行的異步操作,若要等待,那不如兩個操作放到一起,最後再等待依然可以實現。
前面的都是單步異步操作的調用,若需要對某集合進行某個方法的異步操作,可以foreach遍歷
public void ForeachAsync(IEnumerbale<string> parameters)
{
foreach(string p in parameters)
{
Asynchronous.Invoke(Tast,p);
}
}
public void Test(string parameter)
{
//TODO:做一些事
}
每次都需要去手寫foreach,比較麻煩,因此實現類似於PLinq的並行計算方法實在有必要,不過有一點差別,PLinq是采用多核CPU進行並行計算,而我封裝的僅僅遍歷集合進行異步操作而已
ForeachAction
public static IEnumerable<Operator> Foreach<TParameter>(IEnumerable<TParameter> items, Action<TParameter> action)
{
return items.Select(t => Invoke(action, t)).ToList();
}
ForeachFunc
public static IEnumerable<Operator> Foreach<TParameter, TResult>(IEnumerable<TParameter> items, Func<TParameter, TResult> func)
{
return items.Select(parameter => Invoke(func, parameter)).ToList();
}
如何使用
無返回值異步方法調用
public void DOSomeThing()
{
//TODO:
}
通過Asynchronous.Invoke(DOSomeThing) 執行
? 1 2 3 4public void DOSomeThing(string parameter)
{
//TODO:
}
通過Asynchronous.Invoke(DOSomeThing,parameter) 執行
有返回值異步方法調用
? 1 2 3 4public string DOSomeThing()
{
//TODO:
}
通過Asynchronous.Invoke(()=>DOSomeThing())執行
? 1 2 3 4public string DOSomeThing(string parameter)
{
//TODO:
}
通過Asynchronous.Invoke(()=>DoSomeThing(parameter))執行,或者也可以傳入參數通過Asynchronous.Invoke(p=>DOSomeThing(p),parameter)
無返回值Foreach
? 1 2 3 4 5public void Test
{
int[] parameters = {1,2,3,4,5};
Asynchronous.Foreach(parameters,Console.WriteLine);
}
有返回值Foreach
? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8public void Test
{
int[] parameters = {1,2,3,4,5};
var Operators = Asynchronous.Foreach(parameters,p=> p*2);
Asynchrous.WaitAll(Operators);
Asynchronous.Foreach(Operators.Cast<FuncAsync<int,int>>(),
p=> Console.WriteLine(p.Result));
}
首先將集合每個值擴大2倍,然後輸出
異步執行完再執行
public void Test
{
int[] parameters = {1,2,3,4,5};
var Operators = Asynchronous.Foreach(parameters,p=> p*2);
Asynchrous.ContinueWithAsync(Operators,Console.WriteLine,"執行完成");
}
每次執行完繼續執行
可能有時候我們需要遍歷一個集合,每個元素處理完成後我們需要輸出XX處理完成
public void Test
{
int[] parameters = {1,2,3,4,5};
var Operators = Asynchronous.Foreach(parameters,p=> p*2);
Asynchronous.Foreach(Operators,o=>{
o.ContinueWithAsync(()={
//每個元素執行完時執行
if(o.Exception != null)
{
//之前執行時產生未處理的異常,這裡可以捕獲到
}
});
});
}
可以實現鏈式異步操作
? 1 2 3 4 5 6public void Chain()
{
Asynchronous.Invoke(Console.WriteLine,1)
.ContinueWithAsync(Console.WriteLine,2)
.ContinueWithAsync(Console.WriteLine,3)
}
這樣會按步驟輸出1,2,3
結束語
以上只是列出了部分重載方法，其他重載方法無非就是加參數，本質實際是一樣的。
希望對大家的學習有所幫助，在這祝大家新年快樂，新的一年大家一起努力。
