最近項目使用中要改造redis客戶端。就看了下文檔,總結分享一下。
一:協議規范
二:基礎通信
三:狀態命令
四:set、get命令
五:管道、事務
六:總結
redis允許客戶端以TCP方式連接,默認6379端口。傳輸數據都以\r\n結尾。
*<number of arguments>\r\n$<number of bytes of argument 1>\r\n<argument data>\r\n
例:*1\r\n$4\r\nINFO\r\n
1:簡單字符串,非二進制安全字符串,一般是狀態回復。 +開頭,例:+OK\r\n
2: 錯誤信息。 -開頭, 例:-ERR unknown command 'mush'\r\n
3: 整型數字。 :開頭, 例::1\r\n
4:大塊回復值,最大512M。 $開頭+數據長度。 例:$4\r\mush\r\n
5:多條回復。 *開頭, 例:*2\r\n$3\r\nfoo\r\n$3\r\nbar\r\n
定義配置類:
public class Configuration
{
public string Host { get; set; }
public int Port { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Socket 是否正在使用 Nagle 算法。
/// </summary>
public bool NoDelaySocket { get; set; }
public Configuration()
{
Host = "localhost";
Port = 6379;
NoDelaySocket = false;
}
}
實現socket連接:
public class RedisBaseClient
{
//配置文件
private Configuration configuration;
//通信socket
private Socket socket;
//接收字節數組
private byte[] ReceiveBuffer = new byte[100000];
public RedisBaseClient(Configuration config)
{
configuration = config;
}
public RedisBaseClient()
: this(new Configuration())
{
}
public void Connect()
{
if (socket != null && socket.Connected)
return;
socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp)
{
NoDelay = configuration.NoDelaySocket
};
socket.Connect(configuration.Host, configuration.Port);
if (socket.Connected)
return;
Close();
}
/// <summary>
/// 關閉client
/// </summary>
public void Close()
{
socket.Disconnect(false);
socket.Close();
}
}
調用:
RedisBaseClient redis = new RedisBaseClient(); redis.Connect();
服務端成功響應:
定義Redis命令枚舉:
public enum RedisCommand
{
GET, //獲取一個key的值
INFO, //Redis信息。
SET, //添加一個值
EXPIRE, //設置過期時間
MULTI, //標記一個事務塊開始
EXEC, //執行所有 MULTI 之後發的命令
}
發送命令構建:
public string SendCommand(RedisCommand command, params string[] args)
{
//請求頭部格式, *<number of arguments>\r\n
const string headstr = "*{0}\r\n";
//參數信息 $<number of bytes of argument N>\r\n<argument data>\r\n
const string bulkstr = "${0}\r\n{1}\r\n";
var sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.AppendFormat(headstr, args.Length + 1);
var cmd = command.ToString();
sb.AppendFormat(bulkstr, cmd.Length, cmd);
foreach (var arg in args)
{
sb.AppendFormat(bulkstr, arg.Length, arg);
}
byte[] c = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(sb.ToString());
try
{
Connect();
socket.Send(c);
socket.Receive(ReceiveBuffer);
Close();
return ReadData();
}
catch (SocketException e)
{
Close();
}
return null;
}
private string ReadData()
{
var data = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ReceiveBuffer);
char c = data[0];
//錯誤消息檢查。
if (c == '-') //異常處理。
throw new Exception(data);
//狀態回復。
if (c == '+')
return data;
return data;
}
調用:
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
RedisBaseClient redis = new RedisBaseClient();
var result = redis.SendCommand(RedisCommand.INFO);
richTextBox1.Text = result;
}
響應輸出。 937是數據長度。

調用:
private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
RedisBaseClient redis = new RedisBaseClient();
var result = redis.SendCommand(RedisCommand.SET, "msg", "testvalue");
richTextBox1.Text = result.ToString();
}
private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
RedisBaseClient redis = new RedisBaseClient();
var result = redis.SendCommand(RedisCommand.GET, "msg");
richTextBox1.Text = result.ToString();
}
輸出
MULTI,EXEC命令,原子操作。管道就是發送命令(無需等上次命令回復),進入命令隊列,然後多條命令一次執行,並返回客戶端結果。
我們平常使用ServiceStack.Redis客戶端都直接set了,其實是set、expire 2個命令。 簡單實現如下:
public void CreatePipeline()
{
SendCommand(RedisCommand.MULTI, new string[] {}, true);
}
public string EnqueueCommand(RedisCommand command, params string[] args)
{
return SendCommand(command, args, true);
}
public string FlushPipeline()
{
var result = SendCommand(RedisCommand.EXEC, new string[] {}, true);
Close();
return result;
}
public string SendCommand(RedisCommand command, string[] args, bool isPipeline=false)
{
//請求頭部格式, *<number of arguments>\r\n
const string headstr = "*{0}\r\n";
//參數信息 $<number of bytes of argument N>\r\n<argument data>\r\n
const string bulkstr = "${0}\r\n{1}\r\n";
var sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.AppendFormat(headstr, args.Length + 1);
var cmd = command.ToString();
sb.AppendFormat(bulkstr, cmd.Length, cmd);
foreach (var arg in args)
{
sb.AppendFormat(bulkstr, arg.Length, arg);
}
byte[] c = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(sb.ToString());
try
{
Connect();
socket.Send(c);
socket.Receive(ReceiveBuffer);
if (!isPipeline)
{
Close();
}
return ReadData();
}
catch (SocketException e)
{
Close();
}
return null;
}
public string SetByPipeline(string key, string value, int second)
{
this.CreatePipeline();
this.EnqueueCommand(RedisCommand.SET, key, value);
this.EnqueueCommand(RedisCommand.EXPIRE, key, second.ToString());
return this.FlushPipeline();
}
調用:
private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
RedisBaseClient redis = new RedisBaseClient();
richTextBox1.Text = redis.SetByPipeline("cnblogs", "mushroom", 1000);
}
輸出:
2條回復。
本文只是簡單的實現。有興趣的同學,可以繼續下去。 ps:有點重復造輪子的感覺。
客戶端實現這塊,Socket連接池管理較復雜些。
1:http://redis.io/topics/protocol
2:https://github.com/ServiceStack/ServiceStack.Redis
如有錯誤之處,歡迎指出糾正,對您有幫助的,請推薦下 n(*≧▽≦*)n。
作者:蘑菇先生
出處:http://www.cnblogs.com/mushroom/p/4217541.html