這篇文章主要介紹了Ruby的25個編程細節(技巧、實用代碼段),本文直接給出主題和相應代碼,需要的朋友可以參考下
1.try 永遠不會拋出異常 在 沒有的時候 返回 nil
代碼如下:
province_id = Province.find_by_name(prov).try(:id)
2.find(:first, :condotions) 方法 不言而與
代碼如下:
mobile_info = MobileInfo.find(:first, :conditions => ["mobile_num = ? ", mobile_num.to_i])
3.find(:all, :select, :conditions)
代碼如下:
support_amount_a = ProvinceMerchantChangeValue.find(:all, :select => "DISTINCT change_value_id",
:conditions => ["status = 1 and merchant_id = ? and province_id =? and channel_id in (select id from channels where status = 1)",
merchant_id, province_id]).map { |cv| cv.change_value_id }.compact
support_amount_s = ChangeValue.find(:all,:select => "price" ,:conditions => ["id in (?)", support_amount_a])
.map { |cv| cv.try(:price).to_i }.compact
4.發送post請求 可以在shell中執行
代碼如下:
curl -d "channel=中信異度支付&action_type=娛人節-手機充值&user_indicate=13911731997&original_amount=10000" http://xx.xxx.xxx:3000/search.json
5.Ruby 中純數據結構 ( Struct 與 OpenStruct )
講一下它倆之間的區別:
Struct 需要開頭明確聲明字段; 而 OpenStruct 人如其名, 隨時可以添加屬性
Struct 性能優秀; 而 OpenStruct 差點, 具體的性能差距可看這裡:http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1177594/ruby-struct-vs-openstruct
Struct 是 Ruby 解釋器內置, 用 C 實現; OpenStruct 是 Ruby 標准庫, Ruby 實現
API 不同: Struct API 與 OpenStruct
6. MIme::Type.register
代碼如下:
Mime::Type.register "application/json", :ejson
config/initializers/mime_types.rb
7.config/initializers/secure_problem_solved.rb
代碼如下:
ActiveSupport::CoreExtensions::Hash::Conversions::XML_PARSING.delete('symbol')
ActiveSupport::CoreExtensions::Hash::Conversions::XML_PARSING.delete('yaml')
8.config/initializers/new_rails_default.rb
代碼如下:
if defined?(ActiveRecord)
# Include Active Record class name as root for JSON serialized output.
ActiveRecord::Base.include_root_in_json = true
# Store the full class name (including module namespace) in STI type column.
ActiveRecord::Base.store_full_sti_class = true
end
ActionController::Routing.generate_best_match = false
# Use ISO 8601 format for JSON serialized times and dates.
ActiveSupport.use_standard_json_time_format = true
# Don't escape HTML entities in JSON, leave that for the #json_escape helper.
# if you're including raw json in an HTML page.
ActiveSupport.escape_html_entities_in_json = false
9.MemCacheStore 緩存
代碼如下:
@_cache = ActiveSupport::Cache::MemCacheStore.new(
CONFIG['host'], { :namespace => "#{CONFIG['namespace']}::#{@name}" }
)
localhost::callback_lock
@_cache.write(pay_channel.channel_id,'true')
v = @_cache.read(pay_channel.channel_id)
if v.nil? || v != 'true'
return false
else
return true
end
end
10.聯合索引
代碼如下:
gem 'composite_primary_keys', '6.0.1'
https://github.com/momoplan
0.Hash assert_valid_keys 白名單
11.puma -C puma_service_qa.rb
12.pow
13. Time
代碼如下:
start_time = start_time.to_s.to_datetime.at_beginning_of_day
end_time = end_time.to_s.to_datetime.end_of_day
14.merchant.instance_of? MplusMerchant
代碼如下:
m_order[:merchant_id] = (merchant.instance_of? MplusMerchant) ? merchant.id : merchant
15.will_paginate rails
安裝之後需要修改config/environment.rb文件
在文件的最後添加：
代碼如下:
require 'will_paginate'
修改controller文件中的index方法：
# @products = Product.find(:all)
@products = Product.paginate :page => params[:page],
:per_page => 2
.pagination
= will_paginate @mplus_orders, :class => 'digg_pagination'
最好有個include
16. # Excel Generator
代碼如下:
gem 'spreadsheet', '~> 0.7.3'
PROVINCE = %w{ 安徽 北京 福建 甘肅 廣東 廣西 貴州 海南 河北 河南 黑龍江 湖北
湖南 吉林 江蘇 江西 遼寧 內蒙古 寧夏 青海 山東 山西 陝西 上海
四川 天津 西藏 新疆 雲南 浙江 重慶 }
MONTH = 1.upto(12).to_a
def self.total_to_xls(year = '2012', opts = {})
book = Spreadsheet::Workbook.new
sheet1 = book.create_worksheet
months = MONTH
months = opts[:month].to_s.split(/,/) if opts[:month]
fixed_row = months.collect{ |m| m.to_s + '月' }.insert(0, '')
sheet1.row(0).concat(fixed_row)
row1 = ['']
(months.size - 1).times { row1 << ['用戶數', '金額', '訂單數'] }
sheet1.row(1).concat(row1.flatten!)
row = 2
sheet1.row(row).insert(0, '全國')
months.each_with_index do |m, i|
sheet1.row(row).insert(i*3 + 1, self.monthly_users_count(m))
sheet1.row(row).insert(i*3 + 2, self.monthly_amount(m))
sheet1.row(row).insert(i*3 + 3, self.monthly_orders_count(m))
end
PROVINCE.each do |province|
row += 1
sheet1.row(row).insert(0, province)
months.each_with_index do |m, i|
sheet1.row(row).insert(i*3 + 1, self.monthly_users_count_by_province(m, province))
sheet1.row(row).insert(i*3 + 2, self.monthly_amount_by_province(m, province))
sheet1.row(row).insert(i*3 + 3, self.monthly_orders_count_by_province(m, province))
end
end
path = "tmp/phone_recharge.xls"
book.write path
path
end
17. inject({})
代碼如下:
selected_conditions = base_conditions.inject({}) do |hash, data|
hash[data.first] = data.last unless data.last.blank?
hash
end
18.time_str.instance_of?
代碼如下:
return time_str if time_str.instance_of? Time
19.Person.instance_eval
代碼如下:
Person.instance_eval do
def species
"Homo Sapien"
end
end
20.class_eval
代碼如下:
class Foo
end
metaclass = (class << Foo; self; end)
metaclass.class_eval do
def species
"Homo Sapien"
end
end
end
21.Ruby中 respond_to? 和 send 的用法
http://galeki.is-programmer.com/posts/183.html
因為obj對象沒法響應talk這個消息，如果使用 respond_to? 這個方法，就可以實現判斷對象能否響應給定的消息了
代碼如下:
obj = Object.new
if obj.respond_to?("talk")
obj.talk
else
puts "Sorry, object can't talk!"
end
request = gets.chomp
if book.respond_to?(request)
puts book.send(request)
else
puts "Input error"
end
22.method_missing，一個 Ruby 程序員的夢中情人
代碼如下:
def method_missing(method, *args)
if method.to_s =~ /(.*)_with_cent$/
attr_name = $1
if self.respond_to?(attr_name)
'%.2f' % (self.send(attr_name).to_f / 100.00)
else
super
end
end
end
23.chomp
chomp方法是移除字符串尾部的分離符,例如n,r等...而gets默認的分離符是n
24. hash.each_pair{|k,v|} & send()
代碼如下:
if bank_order.present?
data_hash.each_pair { |k, v| bank_order.send("#{k}=", v) }
else
bank_order = BankOrder.new data_hash
end
25.config.middleware 通過 rake -T 可以查看， 在config/ - 去除不必的 middleware
26.1.day.ago.strftime('%Y%m%d')
