【python】python matplotlib繪制並保存多張圖片

1. 需求

• 畫圖對比觀測值和預測值

2. 代碼

• 示例代碼

  import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  import numpy as np
  obs_x_data = [20.61782455, 20.3446064, 20.33182907, 20.41394997, 20.42613411, 20.38294792, 20.29493904, 20.11700439, 19.44220352, 17.69989204,
  16.50032616, 15.84687519, 14.43702602, 12.91092873, 11.64278507, 11.01664066, 10.34288025, 9.60017872, 8.91129875, 8.14001083]
  obs_y_data = [30.85092926, 30.41317368, 30.22782707, 29.81970787, 29.28694534, 29.19682884, 29.06859398, 29.03396034, 29.01906776, 29.49583817,
  29.87446022, 30.07171631, 30.44148064, 30.78217125, 31.01222801, 31.08432961, 31.16893959, 31.26436996, 31.36372185, 31.45003319]
  pred_x_data = [20.61782455, 20.3446064, 20.33182907, 20.41394997, 20.42613411, 20.38294792, 20.29493904, 20.11700439, 19.44220352, 17.69989204,
  16.50027275, 15.39491463, 14.33294296, 13.27159023, 12.1923933, 11.0963583, 10.00212288, 8.92199039, 7.85391903, 6.7955761]
  pred_y_data = [30.85092926, 30.41317368, 30.22782707, 29.81970787, 29.28694534, 29.19682884, 29.06859398, 29.03396034, 29.01906776, 29.49583817,
  29.87576103, 30.21777916, 30.55349922, 30.88473892, 31.22133636, 31.54788208, 31.86850739, 32.18684769, 32.4966507, 32.79633331]
  plt.figure(figsize=(12, 7.5))
  plt.plot(obs_x_data, obs_y_data, 'ro', linestyle='solid', label='ground truth')
  plt.plot(pred_x_data, pred_y_data, 'bx', linestyle='dashed', label='pred value')
  plt.xlim(5, 22)
  plt.ylim(28, 34)
  x_ticks = np.arange(5, 22, 1)
  y_ticks = np.arange(28, 34, 0.5)
  plt.xticks(x_ticks)
  plt.yticks(y_ticks)
  plt.ylabel('y position', fontsize=14)
  plt.xlabel('x position', fontsize=14)
  plt.legend(loc='upper right', ncol=1, fancybox=True, shadow=True)
  plt.title("trajectory comparison", fontsize=16)
  plt.legend() # 顯示圖例
  plt.grid(True) # 顯示網格線
  plt.show() # 顯示圖片
  

• 如果想保存圖片

  ...
  plt.savefig('/your/path/test.png') # 將圖片數據寫入文件
  plt.show() # 將圖片數據發送到用戶界面庫以進行顯示
  

• 如果想畫多張圖片：比如多個目標多條軌跡

  for target in range(len(targets)):
  for index in range(len(trajectories)):
  plt.figure(figsize=(12, 7.5))
  ...
  plt.plot()
  ...
  plt.show() # 注意在for循環外，for循環畫多張圖，循環結束後顯示多張圖片 
  

• 如果想給圖片設置不同編號和像素

  for target in range(len(targets)):
  for index in range(len(trajectories)):
  plt.figure(figsize=(12, 7.5))
  ...
  plt.plot()
  ...
  # 設置不同圖片編號和像素
  plt.savefig('your/path/test_{}.png'.format(index), dpi = 200)
  plt.show()
  

  matplotlib默認像素值是100，即如果輸出8 x 6空間單位的圖，那麼就能提供8*100 x 6*100像素的圖片文件

3. 示例

參考文章：
matplotlib可視化
matplotlib存儲多張圖片
savefig()函數的參數使用

created by shuaixio, 2022.06.19