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 程式師世界 >> 編程語言 >> JAVA編程 >> 關於JAVA >> Java網絡編程基礎(四) ServerSocket類使用

Java網絡編程基礎(四) ServerSocket類使用

編輯:關於JAVA

由於SSClIEnt使用了流套接字,所以服務程序也要使用流套接字。

  這就要創建一個ServerSocket對象,ServerSocket有幾個構造函數,最簡單的是ServerSocket(int port),當使用ServerSocket(int port)創建一個ServerSocket對象,port參數傳遞端口號,這個端口就是服務器監聽連接請求的端口,如果在這時出現錯誤將拋出IOException異常對象,否則將創建ServerSocket對象並開始准備接收連接請求。

  接下來服務程序進入無限循環之中,無限循環從調用ServerSocket的 accept()方法開始,在調用開始後accept()方法將導致調用線程阻塞直到連接建立。在建立連接後accept()返回一個最近創建的 Socket對象,該Socket對象綁定了客戶程序的IP地址或端口號。

  由於存在單個服務程序與多個客戶程序通訊的可能,所以服務程序響應客戶程序不應該花很多時間,否則客戶程序在得到服務前有可能花很多時間來等待通訊的建立,然而服務程序和客戶程序的會話有可能是很長的(這與電話類似),因此為加快對客戶程序連接請求的響應,典型的方法是服務器主機運行一個後台線程,這個後台線程處理服務程序和客戶程序的通訊。

  為了示范我們在上面談到的慨念並完成SSClIEnt程序,下面我們創建一個 SSServer程序,程序將創建一個ServerSocket對象來監聽端口10000的連接請求,如果成功服務程序將等待連接輸入,開始一個線程處理連接,並響應來自客戶程序的命令。下面就是這段程序的代碼:

  Listing 3: SSServer.Java

  // SSServer.Java

  import Java.io.*;

  import Java.Net.*;

  import Java.util.*;

  class SSServer

  {

  public static void main (String [] args) throws IOException

  {

  System.out.println ("Server starting...\n");

  // Create a server socket that listens for incoming connection

  // requests on port 10000.

  ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket (10000);

  while (true)

  {

  // Listen for incoming connection requests from clIEnt

  // programs, establish a connection, and return a Socket

  // object that redivsents this connection.

  Socket s = server.accept ();

  System.out.println ("Accepting Connection...\n");

  // Start a thread to handle the connection.

  new ServerThread (s).start ();

  }

  }

  }

  class ServerThread extends Thread

  {

  private Socket s;

  ServerThread (Socket s)

  {

  this.s = s;

  }

  public void run ()

  {

  BufferedReader br = null;

  PrintWriter pw = null;

  try

  {

  // Create an input stream reader that chains to the socket's

  // byte-orIEnted input stream. The input stream reader

  // converts bytes read from the socket to characters. The

  // conversion is based on the platform's default character

  // set.

  InputStreamReader isr;

  isr = new InputStreamReader (s.getInputStream ());

  // Create a buffered reader that chains to the input stream

  // reader. The buffered reader supplies a convenIEnt method

  // for reading entire lines of text.

  br = new BufferedReader (isr);

  // Create a print writer that chains to the socket's byte-

  // orIEnted output stream. The print writer creates an

  // intermediate output stream writer that converts

  // characters sent to the socket to bytes. The conversion

  // is based on the platform's default character set.

  pw = new PrintWriter (s.getOutputStream (), true);

  // Create a calendar that makes it possible to obtain date

  // and time information.

  Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance ();

  // Because the clIEnt program may send multiple commands, a

  // loop is required. Keep looping until the clIEnt either

  // explicitly requests termination by sending a command

  // beginning with letters BYE or implicitly requests

  // termination by closing its output stream.

  do

  {

  // Obtain the clIEnt program's next command.

  String cmd = br.readLine ();

  // Exit if clIEnt program has closed its output stream.

  if (cmd == null)

  break;

  // Convert command to uppercase, for ease of comparison.

  cmd = cmd.toUpperCase ();

  // If clIEnt program sends BYE command, terminate.

  if (cmd.startsWith ("BYE"))

  break;

  // If clIEnt program sends DATE or TIME command, return

  // current date/time to the clIEnt program.

  if (cmd.startsWith ("DATE") || cmd.startsWith ("TIME"))

  pw.println (c.getTime ().toString ());

  // If clIEnt program sends DOM (Day Of Month) command,

  // return current day of month to the clIEnt program.

  if (cmd.startsWith ("DOM"))

  pw.println ("" + c.get (Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH));

  // If clIEnt program sends DOW (Day Of Week) command,

  // return current weekday (as a string) to the clIEnt

  // program.

  if (cmd.startsWith ("DOW"))

  switch (c.get (Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK))

  {

  case Calendar.SUNDAY : pw.println ("SUNDAY");

  break;

  case Calendar.MONDAY : pw.println ("MONDAY");

  break;

  case Calendar.TUESDAY : pw.println ("TUESDAY");

  break;

  case Calendar.WEDNESDAY: pw.println ("WEDNESDAY");

  break;

  case Calendar.THURSDAY : pw.println ("THURSDAY");

  break;

  case Calendar.FRIDAY : pw.println ("FRIDAY");

  break;

  case Calendar.SATURDAY : pw.println ("SATURDAY");

  }

  // If clIEnt program sends DOY (Day of Year) command,

  // return current day of year to the clIEnt program.

  if (cmd.startsWith ("DOY"))

  pw.println ("" + c.get (Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR));

  // If clIEnt program sends PAUSE command, sleep for three

  // seconds.

  if (cmd.startsWith ("PAUSE"))

  try

  {

  Thread.sleep (3000);

  }

  catch (InterruptedException e)

  {

  }

  }

  while (true);

  {

  catch (IOException e)

  {

  System.out.println (e.toString ());

  }

  finally

  {

  System.out.println ("Closing Connection...\n");

  try

  {

  if (br != null)

  br.close ();

  if (pw != null)

  pw.close ();

  if (s != null)

  s.close ();

  }

  catch (IOException e)

  {

  }

  }

  }

  }

  運行這段程序將得到下面的輸出:

  Server starting...

  Accepting Connection...

  Closing Connection...

  SSServer的源代碼聲明了一對類:SSServer 和ServerThread;SSServer的main()方法創建了一個ServerSocket對象來監聽端口10000上的連接請求,如果成功, SSServer進入一個無限循環中,交替調用ServerSocket的 accept() 方法來等待連接請求,同時啟動後台線程處理連接(accept()返回的請求)。線程由ServerThread繼承的start()方法開始,並執行 ServerThread的run()方法中的代碼。

  一旦run()方法運行,線程將創建BufferedReader, PrintWriter和 Calendar對象並進入一個循環,這個循環由讀(通過BufferedReader的 readLine())來自客戶程序的一行文本開始,文本(命令)存儲在cmd引用的string對象中,如果客戶程序過早的關閉輸出流,會發生什麼呢?答案是:cmd將得不到賦值。

  注意必須考慮到這種情況:在服務程序正在讀輸入流時,客戶程序關閉了輸出流,如果沒有對這種情況進行處理,那麼程序將產生異常。

  一旦編譯了SSServer的源代碼,通過輸入Java SSServer來運行程序,在開始運行SSServer後,就可以運行一個或多個SSClIEnt程序。

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