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 程式師世界 >> 編程語言 >> JAVA編程 >> 關於JAVA >> 在Spring框架中集成JPA實例

在Spring框架中集成JPA實例

編輯:關於JAVA

Hibernate 3.2支持JPA注解,Spring集成JPA是可選的。

下面是Spring集成JPA的一個例子。

實體類MyUser,使用JPA注解實現到數據庫表myUser的映射,如下所示:

  package org.shirdrn.entity;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Transient;
@Entity
public class MyUser {
private Long id;
private String userName;
private String password;
private String gender;
private Integer age;
private Integer birthYear;
private String addr;
private String email;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
@Column(name="userName")
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
@Column(name="password")
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
@Column(name="gender")
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
@Column(name="age")
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Column(name="addr")
public String getAddr() {
return addr;
}
public void setAddr(String addr) {
this.addr = addr;
}
@Column(name="email")
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
@Transient
public Integer getBirthYear() {
return new Integer(2008-age);
}
public void setBirthYear(Integer age) {
this.birthYear = new Integer(2008-age);
}
}

其中,birthYear不是數據庫中的字段,使用JPA的@Transient注解,在映射的時候,會忽略掉該成員 。

持久層DAO接口如下:

  package org.shirdrn.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.shirdrn.entity.MyUser;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
@Transactional
public interface MyUserDAO {
public void createMyUser(MyUser myUser);
public void deleteMyUser(MyUser myUser);
public void updateMyUser(MyUser myUser);
public List queryMyUser(String queryString);
public List queryAll();
}

這裡,使用了JPA注解,聲明事務。

DAO實現類,如下所示:

  package org.shirdrn.dao.impl;
import java.util.List;
import org.shirdrn.dao.MyUserDAO;
import org.shirdrn.entity.MyUser;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.JpaDaoSupport;
public class MyUserDAOImpl extends JpaDaoSupport implements MyUserDAO {
public void createMyUser(MyUser myUser) {
getJpaTemplate().persist(myUser);
}
public void deleteMyUser(MyUser myUser) {
MyUser dbMyUser = getJpaTemplate().find(MyUser.class, myUser.getId());
getJpaTemplate().remove(dbMyUser);
}
public void updateMyUser(MyUser myUser) {
MyUser dbMyUser = getJpaTemplate().find(MyUser.class, myUser.getId());
if(myUser.getUserName() != null){
dbMyUser.setUserName(myUser.getUserName());
}
if(myUser.getAddr() != null){
dbMyUser.setAddr(myUser.getAddr());
}
getJpaTemplate().merge(dbMyUser);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public List queryMyUser(String queryString) {
return (List)getJpaTemplate().find(queryString);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public List queryAll() {
return (List)getJpaTemplate().find("from MyUser");
}
}

因為繼承了JpaDaoSupport,索引需要獲取一個JpaTemplate來實現訪問數據庫,在Spring的配置文件 中要注入一個org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean。

Spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml的內容如下所示:

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.0.xsd">

在META-INF目錄下,還要加一個persistence.xml配置文件,如下所示: http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd"version="1.0">
org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence
org.shirdrn.entity.MyUser

接著,對增刪改查操作進行測試,如下所示:

插入記錄:

  packageorg.shirdrn.test;
importorg.shirdrn.dao.MyUserDAO;
importorg.shirdrn.entity.MyUser;
importorg.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
importorg.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
publicclassTestCreateMyUser{
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
MyUserDAOmyUserDAO=(MyUserDAO)ctx.getBean("myUserDAOImpl");
MyUsermyUser=newMyUser();
myUser.setUserName("JohnXa");
myUser.setPassword("123456");
myUser.setGender("男");
myUser.setAge(newInteger(25));
myUser.setAddr("NewYork");
myUser.setEmail("[email protected]");
myUserDAO.createMyUser(myUser);
}
}

刪除記錄:   packageorg.shirdrn.test;
importorg.shirdrn.dao.MyUserDAO;
importorg.shirdrn.entity.MyUser;
importorg.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
importorg.springframework.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
publicclassTestDeleteMyUser{
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
ApplicationContextctx=newClassPathXml("applicationContext.xml");
MyUserDAOmyUserDAO=(MyUserDAO)ctx.getBean("myUserDAOImpl");
MyUsermyUser=newMyUser();
myUser.setId(newLong(29));
myUserDAO.deleteMyUser(myUser);

修改記錄:

  packageorg.shirdrn.test;
importorg.shirdrn.dao.MyUserDAO;
importorg.shirdrn.entity.MyUser;
importorg.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
importorg.springframework.context.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
   publicclassTestUpdateMyUser{
  publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
   ApplicationContextctx=newClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
   MyUserDAOmyUserDAO=(MyUserDAO)ctx.getBean("myUserDAOImpl");
  MyUsermyUser=newMyUser ();
  myUser.setId(newLong(28));
  myUser.setAddr("北京市");
   myUserDAO.updateMyUser(myUser);
  }
  }

查詢記錄:   packageorg.shirdrn.test;
importjava.util.List;
importorg.shirdrn.dao.MyUserDAO;
importorg.shirdrn.entity.MyUser;
importorg.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
importorg.springframework.context.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
publicclassTestQueryAllMyUser{
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
ApplicationContextctx=newClassPathXmContext("applicationContext.xml");
MyUserDAOmyUserDAO=(MyUserDAO)ctx.getBean("myUserDAOImpl");
Listlist=myUserDAO.queryMyUser("fromMyUser");
for(MyUseruser:list){
System.out.println("ID:"+user.getId()+
"|姓名:"+user.getUserName()+
"|密碼:"+user.getPassword()+
"|性別:"+user.getGender()+
"|年齡:"+user.getAge()+
"|住址:"+user.getAddr()+
"|郵箱:"+user.getEmail());
}
}
}

心得總結

感覺自己對JPA的理解還是不怎麼深刻。

JpaTemplate提供的一些操作的方法,感覺不是很快就能理解的。

似乎使用JpaTemplate沒有使用HibernateTemplate方便,尤其是在執行插入、修改、刪除記錄的時候 。修改和刪除記錄需要先把數據庫中對應的記錄加載出來,才能執行修改和刪除操作。

查詢數據庫倒是很容易,因為根本不需要事務,如果沒有事務,插入、修改和刪除操作就不能實現。

在Spring中使用JPA,感覺代價比較大,使用起來不容易,出錯不容易調試。

比較好的地方就是。如果數據庫中的表很多,無需編寫大量的XML文件去映射,而且只需要從POJO中就 可以非常直觀地看到各個表之間的關系。

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