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 程式師世界 >> 編程語言 >> JAVA編程 >> 關於JAVA >> Java加密技術(五)

Java加密技術(五)

編輯:關於JAVA

接下來我們分析DH加密算法,一種適基於密鑰一致協議的加密算法。

DH

Diffie-Hellman算法(D-H算法),密鑰一致協議。是由公開密鑰密碼體制的奠基人Diffie和Hellman所提出的一種思想。簡單的說就是允許兩名用戶在公開媒體上交換信息以生成"一致"的、可以共享的密鑰。換句話說,就是由甲方產出一對密鑰(公鑰、私鑰),乙方依照甲方公鑰產生乙方密鑰對(公鑰、私鑰)。以此為基線,作為數據傳輸保密基礎,同時雙方使用同一種對稱加密算法構建本地密鑰(SecretKey)對數據加密。這樣,在互通了本地密鑰(SecretKey)算法後,甲乙雙方公開自己的公鑰,使用對方的公鑰和剛才產生的私鑰加密數據,同時可以使用對方的公鑰和自己的私鑰對數據解密。不單單是甲乙雙方兩方,可以擴展為多方共享數據通訊,這樣就完成了網絡交互數據的安全通訊!該算法源於中國的同余定理——中國馀數定理。

流程分析:

1.甲方構建密鑰對兒,將公鑰公布給乙方,將私鑰保留;雙方約定數據加密算法;乙方通過甲方公鑰構建密鑰對兒,將公鑰公布給甲方,將私鑰保留。

2.甲方使用私鑰、乙方公鑰、約定數據加密算法構建本地密鑰,然後通過本地密鑰加密數據,發送給乙方加密後的數據;乙方使用私鑰、甲方公鑰、約定數據加密算法構建本地密鑰,然後通過本地密鑰對數據解密。

3.乙方使用私鑰、甲方公鑰、約定數據加密算法構建本地密鑰,然後通過本地密鑰加密數據,發送給甲方加密後的數據;甲方使用私鑰、乙方公鑰、約定數據加密算法構建本地密鑰,然後通過本地密鑰對數據解密。

通過java代碼實現如下:Coder類見 Java加密技術(一)

Java代碼

import java.security.Key;

import java.security.KeyFactory;

import java.security.KeyPair;

import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;

import java.security.PublicKey;

import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;

import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.Map;


import javax.crypto.Cipher;

import javax.crypto.KeyAgreement;

import javax.crypto.SecretKey;

import javax.crypto.interfaces.DHPrivateKey;

import javax.crypto.interfaces.DHPublicKey;

import javax.crypto.spec.DHParameterSpec;


/**
* DH安全編碼組件  
*
* @author 梁棟
* @version 1.0  
* @since 1.0  
*/

public abstract class DHCoder extends Coder {
   public static final String ALGORITHM = "DH";

   /**
    * 默認密鑰字節數
    *
    * <pre>
    * DH
    * Default Keysize 1024
    * Keysize must be a multiple of 64, ranging from 512 to 1024 (inclusive).
    * </pre>
    */
   private static final int KEY_SIZE = 1024;

   /**
    * DH加密下需要一種對稱加密算法對數據加密,這裡我們使用DES,也可以使用其他對稱加密算法。
    */
   public static final String SECRET_ALGORITHM = "DES";
   private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "DHPublicKey";
   private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "DHPrivateKey";

   /**
    * 初始化甲方密鑰
    *
    * @return
    * @throws Exception
    */
   public static Map<String, Object> initKey() throws Exception {
       KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator   
               .getInstance(ALGORITHM);
       keyPairGenerator.initialize(KEY_SIZE);

       KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();

       // 甲方公鑰
       DHPublicKey publicKey = (DHPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();

       // 甲方私鑰
       DHPrivateKey privateKey = (DHPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();

       Map<String, Object> keyMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(2);

       keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);
       keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);
       return keyMap;
   }

   /**
    * 初始化乙方密鑰
    *
    * @param key
    *            甲方公鑰
    * @return
    * @throws Exception
    */
   public static Map<String, Object> initKey(String key) throws Exception {
       // 解析甲方公鑰
       byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);
       X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
       KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
       PublicKey pubKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);

       // 由甲方公鑰構建乙方密鑰
       DHParameterSpec dhParamSpec = ((DHPublicKey) pubKey).getParams();

       KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator   
               .getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
       keyPairGenerator.initialize(dhParamSpec);

       KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();

       // 乙方公鑰
       DHPublicKey publicKey = (DHPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();

       // 乙方私鑰
       DHPrivateKey privateKey = (DHPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();

       Map<String, Object> keyMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(2);

       keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);
       keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);

       return keyMap;
   }

   /**
    * 加密<br>
    *
    * @param data
    *            待加密數據
    * @param publicKey
    *            甲方公鑰
    * @param privateKey
    *            乙方私鑰
    * @return
    * @throws Exception
    */
   public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] data, String publicKey,
           String privateKey) throws Exception {

       // 生成本地密鑰
       SecretKey secretKey = getSecretKey(publicKey, privateKey);

       // 數據加密
       Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(secretKey.getAlgorithm());
       cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);

       return cipher.doFinal(data);
   }

   /**
    * 解密<br>
    *
    * @param data
    *            待解密數據
    * @param publicKey
    *            乙方公鑰
    * @param privateKey
    *            乙方私鑰
    * @return
    * @throws Exception
    */
   public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] data, String publicKey,
           String privateKey) throws Exception {

       // 生成本地密鑰
       SecretKey secretKey = getSecretKey(publicKey, privateKey);
       // 數據解密
       Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(secretKey.getAlgorithm());
       cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey);

       return cipher.doFinal(data);
   }

   /**
    * 構建密鑰
    *
    * @param publicKey
    *            公鑰
    * @param privateKey
    *            私鑰
    * @return
    * @throws Exception
    */
   private static SecretKey getSecretKey(String publicKey, String privateKey)
           throws Exception {
       // 初始化公鑰
       byte[] pubKeyBytes = decryptBASE64(publicKey);

       KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
       X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(pubKeyBytes);
       PublicKey pubKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);

       // 初始化私鑰
       byte[] priKeyBytes = decryptBASE64(privateKey);

       PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(priKeyBytes);
       Key priKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);

       KeyAgreement keyAgree = KeyAgreement.getInstance(keyFactory
               .getAlgorithm());
       keyAgree.init(priKey);
       keyAgree.doPhase(pubKey, true);

       // 生成本地密鑰
       SecretKey secretKey = keyAgree.generateSecret(SECRET_ALGORITHM);

       return secretKey;
   }

   /**
    * 取得私鑰
    *
    * @param keyMap  
    * @return
    * @throws Exception
    */
   public static String getPrivateKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)
           throws Exception {
       Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);

       return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
   }

   /**
    * 取得公鑰
    *
    * @param keyMap  
    * @return
    * @throws Exception
    */
   public static String getPublicKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)
           throws Exception {
       Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);

       return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
   }

}

再給出一個測試類:

Java代碼

import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import java.util.Map;
import org.junit.Test;
/** *//**
 *
 * @author 梁棟  http://www.bt285.cn http://www.feng123.com
 * @version 1.0
 * @since 1.0
 */
public class DHCoderTest {
    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {
        // 生成甲方密鑰對兒
        Map<String, Object> aKeyMap = DHCoder.initKey();
        String aPublicKey = DHCoder.getPublicKey(aKeyMap);
        String aPrivateKey = DHCoder.getPrivateKey(aKeyMap);
        System.err.println("甲方公鑰:\r" + aPublicKey);
        System.err.println("甲方私鑰:\r" + aPrivateKey);
        // 由甲方公鑰產生本地密鑰對兒
        Map<String, Object> bKeyMap = DHCoder.initKey(aPublicKey);
        String bPublicKey = DHCoder.getPublicKey(bKeyMap);
        String bPrivateKey = DHCoder.getPrivateKey(bKeyMap);
        System.err.println("乙方公鑰:\r" + bPublicKey);
        System.err.println("乙方私鑰:\r" + bPrivateKey);
        String aInput = "abc ";
        System.err.println("原文: " + aInput);
        // 由甲方公鑰,乙方私鑰構建密文
        byte[] aCode = DHCoder.encrypt(aInput.getBytes(), aPublicKey,
                bPrivateKey);
        // 由乙方公鑰,甲方私鑰解密
        byte[] aDecode = DHCoder.decrypt(aCode, bPublicKey, aPrivateKey);
        String aOutput = (new String(aDecode));
        System.err.println("解密: " + aOutput);
        assertEquals(aInput, aOutput);
        System.err.println(" ===============反過來加密解密================== ");
        String bInput = "def ";
        System.err.println("原文: " + bInput);
        // 由乙方公鑰,甲方私鑰構建密文
        byte[] bCode = DHCoder.encrypt(bInput.getBytes(), bPublicKey,
                aPrivateKey);
        // 由甲方公鑰,乙方私鑰解密
        byte[] bDecode = DHCoder.decrypt(bCode, aPublicKey, bPrivateKey);
        String bOutput = (new String(bDecode));
        System.err.println("解密: " + bOutput);
        assertEquals(bInput, bOutput);
    }
}

控制台輸出:

Console代碼

甲方公鑰:
MIHfMIGXBgkqhkiG9w0BAwEwgYkCQQD8poLOjhLKuibvzPcRDlJtsHiwXt7LzR60ogjzrhYXrgHz
W5Gkfm32NBPF4S7QiZvNEyrNUNmRUb3EPuc3WS4XAkBnhHGyepz0TukaScUUfbGpqvJE8FpDTWSG
kx0tFCcbnjUDC3H9c9oXkGmzLik1Yw4cIGI1TQ2iCmxBblC+eUykAgIBgANDAAJAdAWBVmIzqcko
Ej6qFjLDL2+Y3FPq1iRbnOyOpDj71yKaK1K+FhTv04B0zy4DKcvAASV7/Gv0W+bgqdmffRkqrQ==

甲方私鑰:
MIHRAgEAMIGXBgkqhkiG9w0BAwEwgYkCQQD8poLOjhLKuibvzPcRDlJtsHiwXt7LzR60ogjzrhYX
rgHzW5Gkfm32NBPF4S7QiZvNEyrNUNmRUb3EPuc3WS4XAkBnhHGyepz0TukaScUUfbGpqvJE8FpD
TWSGkx0tFCcbnjUDC3H9c9oXkGmzLik1Yw4cIGI1TQ2iCmxBblC+eUykAgIBgAQyAjACJRfy1LyR
eHyD+4Hfb+xR0uoIGR1oL9i9Nk6g2AAuaDPgEVWHn+QXID13yL/uDos=

乙方公鑰:
MIHfMIGXBgkqhkiG9w0BAwEwgYkCQQD8poLOjhLKuibvzPcRDlJtsHiwXt7LzR60ogjzrhYXrgHz
W5Gkfm32NBPF4S7QiZvNEyrNUNmRUb3EPuc3WS4XAkBnhHGyepz0TukaScUUfbGpqvJE8FpDTWSG
kx0tFCcbnjUDC3H9c9oXkGmzLik1Yw4cIGI1TQ2iCmxBblC+eUykAgIBgANDAAJAVEYSfBA+I9nr
dWw3OBv475C+eBrWBBYqt0m6/eu4ptuDQHwV4MmUtKAC2wc2nNrdb1wmBhY1X8RnWkJ1XmdDbQ==

乙方私鑰:
MIHSAgEAMIGXBgkqhkiG9w0BAwEwgYkCQQD8poLOjhLKuibvzPcRDlJtsHiwXt7LzR60ogjzrhYX
rgHzW5Gkfm32NBPF4S7QiZvNEyrNUNmRUb3EPuc3WS4XAkBnhHGyepz0TukaScUUfbGpqvJE8FpD
TWSGkx0tFCcbnjUDC3H9c9oXkGmzLik1Yw4cIGI1TQ2iCmxBblC+eUykAgIBgAQzAjEAqaZiCdXp
2iNpdBlHRaO9ir70wo2n32xNlIzIX19VLSPCDdeUWkgRv4CEj/8k+/yd

原文: abc
解密: abc
  ===============反過來加密解密==================
原文: def
解密: def

如我所言,甲乙雙方在獲得對方公鑰後可以對發送給對方的數據加密,同時也能對接收到的數據解密,達到了數據安全通信的目的!

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