JavaWeb Spring依附注入深刻進修。本站提示廣大學習愛好者:(JavaWeb Spring依附注入深刻進修)文章只能為提供參考,不一定能成為您想要的結果。以下是JavaWeb Spring依附注入深刻進修正文
1、依附注入(DI)
依附注入聽起來很精深的模樣,其實白話就是:給屬性賦值。一共有兩種辦法,第一是以結構器參數的情勢,別的一種就是以setting辦法的情勢。
1 結構器注入
1 應用結構器注入
應用xml的注入方法
A. 經由過程參數的次序
<constructor-arg index="0"><value>張三</value></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="1"><value>56</value></constructor-arg>
B. 經由過程參數的類型
<constructor-arg type="java.lang.Integer"><value>56</value></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg type="java.lang.String"><value>張三</value></constructor-arg>
詳細實例
假設如今要對一個Person類注入參數,Student是一個別的一個類。
public class Person {
private String pid;
private String name;
private Student student;
public Person(String pid, Student student){
this.pid= pid;
this.student = student;
}
public Person(String pid, String name){
this.pid = pid;
this.name = name;
}
}
設置裝備擺設applicationContext.xml,假設不停止參數設置裝備擺設,則報錯,找不到響應的結構器。設置裝備擺設了響應的參數,則應在類中聲明響應的結構函數。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="person" class="com.itheima10.spring.di.xml.constructor.Person">
<!--
不配參數,將會采用默許的結構器
constructor-arg person類中某一個結構器的某一個參數
index 為參數的角標
type 參數的類型
value 假如為基本屬性,則用這個賦值
ref 援用類型賦值
-->
<constructor-arg index="0" type="java.lang.String" value="aaa"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="1" ref="student"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="person1" class="com.itheima10.spring.di.xml.constructor.Person">
<property name="pid" value="1"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="student" class="com.itheima10.spring.di.xml.constructor.Student"></bean>
</beans>
編寫測試類DIXMLConstructorTest ,停止斷點調試,將會發明依據設置裝備擺設的參數,進入的結構函數是Person(String pid, Student student)
public class DIXMLConstructorTest {
@Test
public void test1(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Person person = (Person) context.getBean("person");
}
}
2 應用屬性setter辦法停止注入
應用xml的注入方法:
A. 簡略Bean的注入
簡略Bean包含兩品種型:包裝類型和String
<bean id="personService" class="com.itcast.bean.impl.PersonServiceImpl"> <!-- 根本類型,string類型 --> <property name="age" value="20"></property> <property name="name" value="張無忌"></property> </bean>
B. 援用其他Bean
<bean id="person" class="com.itcast.bean.Person" /> <bean id="personService" class="com.itcast.bean.impl.PersonServiceImpl"> <property name="person" ref="person" /> </bean>
1.1 拆卸list聚集
<property name="lists"> <list> <value>list1</value> <value>list2</value> <ref bean="person" /> </list> </property>
1.2 拆卸set聚集
<property name="sets"> <set> <value>list1</value> <value>list2</value> <ref bean="person" /> </set> </property>
1.3 拆卸map
<property name="maps">
<map>
<entry key="01">
<value>map01</value>
</entry>
<entry key="02">
<value>map02</value>
</entry>
</map>
</property>
map中的<entry>的數值和<list>和<set>的一樣,可使任何有用的屬性元素,須要留意的是key值必需是String的。
1.4 拆卸Properties
<property name="props"> <props> <prop key="01">prop1</prop> <prop key="02">prop2</prop> </props> </property>
詳細實例
1.創立兩個對象Person和Student
package xgp.spring.demo;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;
public class Person {
private String pid;
private String name;
private Student student;
private List lists;
private Set sets;
private Map map;
private Properties properties;
private Object[] objects;
public Person(){
System.out.println("new person");
}
//省略getter和setter辦法
}
package xgp.spring.demo;
public class Student {
public Student(){
System.out.println("new student");
}
public void say(){
System.out.println("student");
}
}
設置裝備擺設applicationContext.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
<!--
把person和student放入到spring容器中
property 用來描寫Person類的屬性
value 假如是普通屬性,則用value賦值
ref 假如該屬性是援用類型,用ref賦值
-->
<bean id="person" class="com.itheima10.spring.di.xml.setter.Person"
init-method="init"
lazy-init="true">
<property name="pid" value="1"></property>
<property name="name" value="王二麻子"></property>
<property name="student" ref="student"></property>
<property name="lists">
<list>
<value>list1</value>
<value>list2</value>
<ref bean="student"/>
</list>
</property>
<property name="sets">
<set>
<value>set1</value>
<value>set2</value>
<ref bean="student"/>
</set>
</property>
<property name="map">
<map>
<entry key="entry1">
<value>map1</value>
</entry>
<entry key="entry2">
<ref bean="student"/>
</entry>
</map>
</property>
<property name="properties">
<props>
<!--
不須要援用類型
-->
<prop key="prop1">prop1</prop>
<prop key="prop2">prop2</prop>
</props>
</property>
<property name="objects">
<list>
<value>aa</value>
<value>bb</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="student" class="com.itheima10.spring.di.xml.setter.Student"></bean>
</beans>
編寫測試類DIXMLSetterTest
package xgp.spring.test;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import xgp.spring.demo.Person;
public class DIXMLSetterTest {
/**
* spring 容器做的工作:
* 1、spring容器做了甚麼?(1)啟動spring容器
* (2)為person和student兩個bean創立對象
* (3)解析property的name屬性,拼接setter辦法,解析property的
* value或許ref屬性,給setter辦法傳遞參數,應用反射技巧給對象賦值。
* (4)從spring容器中,把對象提掏出來,對象挪用辦法。
* 2、spring容器履行次序是甚麼?
*/
@Test
public void test1(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Person person = (Person) context.getBean("person");
System.out.println(person.getPid());
System.out.println(person.getName());
System.out.println(person.getLists());
System.out.println(person.getSets());
System.out.println(person.getMap());
System.out.println(person.getObjects().length);
}
}
/*1
王五
[list1, list2, xgp.spring.demo.Student@76a9b9c]
[set1, set2, xgp.spring.demo.Student@76a9b9c]
{entry1=map1, entry2=map2}
2*/
spring容器的履行次序
1.都是默許設置
2.設置student(lazy-init=true)
3.設置person(lazy-init=true)
總結
可以采取兩種辦法注入參數,結構器要寫對應的結構函數,setter要生成響應的setter辦法,並編寫默許的結構器。
2.5 IOC與DI的意義
學了這些,發明有甚麼意義?上面寫個文檔治理體系例子來講明,需求見下圖
1.編寫Document 接口
public interface Document {
public void read();
public void write();
}
2、編寫完成類WordDocument ,ExcelDocument ,PDFDocument
public class WordDocument implements Document{
public void read() {
System.out.println("word read");
}
public void write() {
System.out.println("word write");
}
}
3、編寫文檔治理 體系 DocumentManager
public class DocumentManager {
private Document document;
public void setDocument(Document document) {
this.document = document;
}
public DocumentManager(){
}
public DocumentManager(Document document) {
super();
this.document = document;
}
public void read(){
this.document.read();
}
public void write(){
this.document.write();
}
}
4、編寫測試類DocumentTest
/**
* 應用ioc和di能做到完整的面向接口編程
*
*/
public class DocumentTest {
/**
* Document document = new WordDocument();
* 這行代碼是不完整的面向接口編程,由於等號的左邊湧現了詳細的類
*/
@Test
public void testDocument_NOSPRING(){
Document document = new WordDocument();
DocumentManager documentManager = new DocumentManager(document);
documentManager.read();
documentManager.write();
}
/**
* 在代碼端不曉得Document是由誰來完成的,這個是由spring的設置裝備擺設文件決議的
* <bean id="documentManager"
class="com.itheima10.spring.iocdi.document.DocumentManager">
<!--
document為一個接口
-->
<property name="document">
<!--
wordDocument是一個完成類,賦值給了document接口
-->
<ref bean="pdfDocument"/>
</property>
</bean>
*/
@Test
public void testDocument_Spring(){
ApplicationContext context =
new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
DocumentManager documentManager =(DocumentManager)context.getBean("documentManager");
documentManager.read();
documentManager.write();
}
}
從下面可以看出不實用spring和實用spring的差別
<!--
documentManager,wordDocument,excelDocument,pdfDocument放入到spring容器中
-->
<bean id="wordDocument" class="com.itheima10.spring.iocdi.document.WordDocument"></bean>
<bean id="excelDocument" class="com.itheima10.spring.iocdi.document.ExcelDocument"></bean>
<bean id="pdfDocument" class="com.itheima10.spring.iocdi.document.PDFDocument"></bean>
<bean id="documentManager"
class="com.itheima10.spring.iocdi.document.DocumentManager">
<!--
document為一個接口
-->
<property name="document">
<!--
wordDocument是一個完成類,賦值給了document接口
-->
<ref bean="pdfDocument"/>
</property>
</bean>
應用spring只須要在applicationContext中設置裝備擺設響應的<ref bean="">對象,而不須要存眷詳細的完成類,完成完整的面向接口編程,這也是為何spring可以或許和這麼多對象集成的緣由。
2.6 mvc實例–模仿structs2
需求描寫
樹立工程目次
編碼:
1、創立Dao層
樹立PersonDao接口和完成類PersonDaoImpl
public interface PersonDao {
public void savePerson();
}
public class PersonDaoImpl implements PersonDao {
@Override
public void savePerson() {
System.out.println(" save person");
}
}
2、樹立service層,PersonService接口與PersonServiceImpl完成類
public interface PersonService {
public void savePerson();
}
public class PersonServiceImpl implements PersonService{
private PersonDao personDao;
public void setPersonDao(PersonDao personDao) {
this.personDao = personDao;
}
@Override
public void savePerson() {
this.personDao.savePerson();
}
}
3、樹立Action,PersonAction類
public class PersonAction {
private PersonService personService;
public void setPersonService(PersonService personService) {
this.personService = personService;
}
public void savePerson(){
this.personService.savePerson();
}
}
4、設置裝備擺設applicationContext.xml
<!-- 把service,dao,action層的類放入到spring容器中 --> <bean id="personDao" class="xgp.spring.demo.PersonDaoImpl"></bean> <bean id="personService" class="xgp.spring.demo.PersonServiceImpl"> <property name="personDao"> <ref bean="personDao"/> </property> </bean> <bean id="personAction" class="xgp.spring.demo.PersonAction"> <property name="personService"> <ref bean="personService"/> </property> </bean>
5、編寫測試類testMVC
public class MVCTest {
@Test
public void testMVC(){
ApplicationContext context =
new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
PersonAction personAction = (PersonAction)context.getBean("personAction");
personAction.savePerson();//save person
}
}
上述實例很清晰的展示出了spring的面向接口編程,service層只需挪用dao層的接口,而不須要存眷於dao層的完成類,action也只需挪用service的接口,而不須要存眷service的完成類。
以上就是本文的全體內容,願望對年夜家的進修有所贊助,也願望年夜家多多支撐。