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Quartz2.0以上版本的單機和集群，quartz2.0集群

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Quartz2.0以上版本的單機和集群，quartz2.0集群

(一)Quartz單機

1.Quartz簡介

　　Quartz是一個完全由java編寫的開源作業調度框架，能實現業務的定時調度。Quartz主要有三個核心調度器、任務和觸發器：

①任務-JobDetail：Quartz在任務調度的時候，需要創建一個任務實例，JobDetail正是承擔這個角色。在Quartz2.0以前的版本中，創建一個任務通過new JobDetail(String jobName, String gruop, Class jobCLass)這個方法來創建，在2.0之後的版本中通過JobBuilder來創建任務。Job接口中只有一個方法void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException，因此在任務調度時，只需要實現execute方法就可以了，使用起來很方便。

②觸發器-Trigger：定義Job的執行時間、次數等信息，有SimpleTrigger和CronTrigger兩種類型。當你需要的是一次性的調度，或者你需要在指定的時間激活某個任務並執行N次，設置每次任務執行的間隔時間T。那此時使用SimpleTrigger將是非常方便的。如果你想在每周的周一7:00或者每月的第2,3天實現任務調度，這時候就需要用到CronTrigger，CronTrigger能夠提供復雜的觸發器表達式滿足我們的需求。同時需要提到的一點是Quartz還提供很多日期的實現類DateBuilder等，在實際使用中很方便。

③調度器-Scheduler：Quartz框架的核心是調度器。調度器負責管理Quartz應用運行時環境。調度器不是靠自己做所有的工作，而是依賴框架內一些非常重要的部件。Quartz不僅僅是線程和線程管理。為確保可伸縮性，Quartz采用了基於多線程的架構。啟動時，框架初始化一套worker線程，這套線程被調度器用來執行預定的作業。這就是Quartz怎樣能並發運行多個作業的原理。Quartz依賴一套松耦合的線程池管理部件來管理線程環境。

2.搭建Quartz工程

①創建一個新工程

　　新建文件lib作為外部jar包，Quartz最新版本通過官網可以下載http://www.quartz-scheduler.org/downloads/。導入你下載的quartz包，新建package為com.example.singleQuartz,裡面就兩個簡單的類SingleQuartzJob和SingleQuartzServer。SingleQuartzJob定義Job的實現類，SingleQuartzServer任務調度服務。

②SingleQuartzJob.java定義Job的實現類

package com.example.singleQuartz;

import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;

import java.util.Date;

/**
 * Created by XuHui on 2016/12/22.
 */
public class SingleQuartzJob implements Job {
    @Override
    public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
        System.out.print("Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at "+
                new Date() + " by " + context.getTrigger().getJobKey() + "\n");
    }
}

③SingleQuartzServer.java實現任務調度

package com.example.singleQuartz;

import org.quartz.*;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * Created by XuHui on 2016/12/22.
 */
public class SingleQuartzServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {
        /* 獲取Scheduler實例 */
        SchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
        Scheduler scheduler = factory.getScheduler();

        /* 啟動調度器 */
        scheduler.start();

        /* 任務：withIdentity(String name, String group)，其中groupName可以自己定義，也可以用Scheduler提供的DEFAULT_GROUP。
                這裡要求同組裡面的jobName不能相同*/
        JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SingleQuartzJob.class)
                .withIdentity("job", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
                .build();

        /*觸發器：SimpleTrigger和CronTrigger。實現的功能是：接下來30s後執行job，以後每個10s執行一次，重復10次，一共執行11次。
                  nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30)距離現在時間30s之後執行job，此處null可寫作new Date(),可自行在api查看源碼實現 */
        Date startTime = DateBuilder.nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30);
        SimpleTrigger simpleTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
                .withIdentity("trigger", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
                .startAt(startTime)
                .withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
                        .withIntervalInSeconds(10)
                        .withRepeatCount(10))
                .forJob(jobDetail)
                .build();

        /* 交由調度器調度Job */
        scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger);

        /* 3分鐘任務調度之後關閉調度器 */
        try{
            TimeUnit.MINUTES.sleep(3);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            scheduler.shutdown();
        }
    }
}

View Code

④執行任務調度

　　執行run->main但是發現報錯了。此時是少了兩個個日志包，slf4j-api-1.7.22.jar和slf4j-simple-1.7.22.jar，我們只要添加slf4j包就可以了。

通過官網可以下載http://www.slf4j.org/download.html，找到這兩個包放到lib下就可以了。

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/slf4j/LoggerFactory
    at org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory.<init>(StdSchedulerFactory.java:303)
    at com.example.singleQuartz.SingleQuartzServer.main(SingleQuartzServer.java:15)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:144)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.slf4j.LoggerFactory
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
    at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
    ... 7 more

解決完上面日志包的問題，我們運行上面程序可以看到正常的調度結果如下。

[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started.
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:40:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:40:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:40:50 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:00 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:10 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:20 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:41:50 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:42:00 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:42:10 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutting down.
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED paused.
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutdown complete.

⑤任務調度的多線程

　　Scheduler是存在多對多的關系，由於線程池的存在，調度器實現多線程並發執行任務調度，直接看下面demo就能明白。

package com.example.singleQuartz;

import org.quartz.*;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * Created by XuHui on 2016/12/22.
 */
public class SingleQuartzThreadPoolServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {
        /* 獲取Scheduler實例 */
        SchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
        Scheduler scheduler = factory.getScheduler();

        /* 啟動調度器 */
        scheduler.start();

        /******************************************************* Job-1 ****************************************************************/
        /* 任務：withIdentity(String name, String group)，其中groupName可以自己定義，也可以用Scheduler提供的DEFAULT_GROUP。
                這裡要求同組裡面的jobName不能相同*/
        JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SingleQuartzJob.class)
                .withIdentity("job1", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
                .build();

        /*觸發器：SimpleTrigger和CronTrigger。實現的功能是：接下來30s後執行job，以後每個10s執行一次，重復10次，一共執行11次。
                  nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30)距離現在時間30s之後執行job，此處null可寫作new Date(),可自行在api查看源碼實現 */
        Date startTime = DateBuilder.nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30);
        SimpleTrigger simpleTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
                .withIdentity("trigger1", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
                .startAt(startTime)
                .withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
                        .withIntervalInSeconds(10)
                        .withRepeatCount(2))
                .forJob(jobDetail)
                .build();

        /* 交由調度器調度Job */
        scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger);

        /******************************************************* Job-2 ****************************************************************/
        jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SingleQuartzJob.class)
                .withIdentity("job2", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
                .build();

        simpleTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
                .withIdentity("trigger2", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
                .startAt(startTime)
                .withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
                        .withIntervalInSeconds(10)
                        .withRepeatCount(2))
                .forJob(jobDetail)
                .build();
        scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger);

        /******************************************************* Job-3 ****************************************************************/
        jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SingleQuartzJob.class)
                .withIdentity("job3", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
                .build();

        simpleTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
                .withIdentity("trigger3", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
                .startAt(startTime)
                .withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
                        .withIntervalInSeconds(10)
                        .withRepeatCount(2))
                .forJob(jobDetail)
                .build();
        scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger);

        /* 2分鐘任務調度之後關閉調度器 */
        try{
            TimeUnit.MINUTES.sleep(2);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            scheduler.shutdown();
        }
    }

}

View Code

執行結果如下：

[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started.
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job1
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job2
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job3
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job3
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job1
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job2
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:50 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job1
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:50 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job3
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Thu Dec 22 19:52:50 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job2
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutting down.
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED paused.
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutdown complete.

(二)任務調度持久到數據庫

1.建立數據庫和建表

　　上面的例子的任務是存在內存中的，如果程序關閉任務就會消失，為了保持任務的可持久性，需要將任務調度存到數據庫中。在你下載的quartz包下找到quartz-2.2.1\docs\dbTables\，找到你對應的數據庫建表語言，這裡我用的是mysql數據庫tables_mysql.sql。在你本地或者服務器數據庫新建一個數據庫quartz(你可以不建，主要為了和其他數據庫區分)。將以下的建表語言導入該數據庫。

#
# Quartz seems to work best with the driver mm.mysql-2.0.7-bin.jar
#
# PLEASE consider using mysql with innodb tables to avoid locking issues
#
# In your Quartz properties file, you'll need to set 
# org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate
#

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_LOCKS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_TRIGGERS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS QRTZ_CALENDARS;


CREATE TABLE QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS
  (
    SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    JOB_NAME  VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(250) NULL,
    JOB_CLASS_NAME   VARCHAR(250) NOT NULL,
    IS_DURABLE VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
    IS_NONCONCURRENT VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
    IS_UPDATE_DATA VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
    REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL,
    JOB_DATA BLOB NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_TRIGGERS
  (
    SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    JOB_NAME  VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(250) NULL,
    NEXT_FIRE_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,
    PREV_FIRE_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,
    PRIORITY INTEGER NULL,
    TRIGGER_STATE VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_TYPE VARCHAR(8) NOT NULL,
    START_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
    END_TIME BIGINT(13) NULL,
    CALENDAR_NAME VARCHAR(200) NULL,
    MISFIRE_INSTR SMALLINT(2) NULL,
    JOB_DATA BLOB NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
    FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP)
        REFERENCES QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS(SCHED_NAME,JOB_NAME,JOB_GROUP)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS
  (
    SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    REPEAT_COUNT BIGINT(7) NOT NULL,
    REPEAT_INTERVAL BIGINT(12) NOT NULL,
    TIMES_TRIGGERED BIGINT(10) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
    FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
        REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS
  (
    SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    CRON_EXPRESSION VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    TIME_ZONE_ID VARCHAR(80),
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
    FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
        REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS
  (          
    SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    STR_PROP_1 VARCHAR(512) NULL,
    STR_PROP_2 VARCHAR(512) NULL,
    STR_PROP_3 VARCHAR(512) NULL,
    INT_PROP_1 INT NULL,
    INT_PROP_2 INT NULL,
    LONG_PROP_1 BIGINT NULL,
    LONG_PROP_2 BIGINT NULL,
    DEC_PROP_1 NUMERIC(13,4) NULL,
    DEC_PROP_2 NUMERIC(13,4) NULL,
    BOOL_PROP_1 VARCHAR(1) NULL,
    BOOL_PROP_2 VARCHAR(1) NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
    FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP) 
    REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS
  (
    SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    BLOB_DATA BLOB NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP),
    FOREIGN KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
        REFERENCES QRTZ_TRIGGERS(SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_CALENDARS
  (
    SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    CALENDAR_NAME  VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    CALENDAR BLOB NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,CALENDAR_NAME)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS
  (
    SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_GROUP  VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, 
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,TRIGGER_GROUP)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS
  (
    SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    ENTRY_ID VARCHAR(95) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    TRIGGER_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    FIRED_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
    SCHED_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
    PRIORITY INTEGER NOT NULL,
    STATE VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
    JOB_NAME VARCHAR(200) NULL,
    JOB_GROUP VARCHAR(200) NULL,
    IS_NONCONCURRENT VARCHAR(1) NULL,
    REQUESTS_RECOVERY VARCHAR(1) NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,ENTRY_ID)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE
  (
    SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    INSTANCE_NAME VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
    LAST_CHECKIN_TIME BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
    CHECKIN_INTERVAL BIGINT(13) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,INSTANCE_NAME)
);

CREATE TABLE QRTZ_LOCKS
  (
    SCHED_NAME VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    LOCK_NAME  VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL, 
    PRIMARY KEY (SCHED_NAME,LOCK_NAME)
);


commit;

View Code

2.導入mysql數據庫的jdbc驅動包，mysql-connector-java-5.1.40-bin.jar

3.配置Quartz配置文件quartz.properities

org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName = MyScheduler
org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount = 3
org.quartz.jobStore.class = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreTX
org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate
org.quartz.jobStore.tablePrefix = QRTZ_
org.quartz.jobStore.dataSource = myDS

org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.driver = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.URL = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/quartz?characterEncoding=utf-8
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.user = root
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.password = 123456
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.maxConnections = 5

4.任務調度的持久性

　　其實介紹這部分主要是為了後面的Quartz集群做鋪墊。為了驗證任務調度的可持久性，我們從這兩方面驗證，當我們程序停止運行的時候，查看數據庫能查看到任務調度的數據；當重新啟動同一調度器的時候，原來的任務能繼續執行。SingleQuartzKeepAlive.java如下，其實和上面的SingleQuartzServer基本一樣，只是加載了Quartz配置文件。

package com.example.singleQuartz;

import org.quartz.*;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * Created by XuHui on 2016/12/22.
 */
public class SingleQuartzKeepAlive {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {
         /* 獲取Scheduler實例 */
        StdSchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
        factory.initialize("quartz.properities");
        Scheduler scheduler = factory.getScheduler();

        /* 啟動調度器 */
        scheduler.start();

        JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(SingleQuartzJob.class)
                .withIdentity("job", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
                .build();

        Date startTime = DateBuilder.nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30);
        SimpleTrigger simpleTrigger = (SimpleTrigger) TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
                .withIdentity("trigger", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
                .startAt(startTime)
                .withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
                        .withIntervalInSeconds(10)
                        .withRepeatCount(10))
                .forJob(jobDetail)
                .build();

        /* 交由調度器調度Job */
        scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger);

        /* 3分鐘任務調度之後關閉調度器 */
        try{
            TimeUnit.MINUTES.sleep(3);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            scheduler.shutdown();
        }
    }
}

View Code

我們run->main發現報錯了，報錯如下。這個因為我們缺少了c3p0-0.9.1.2.jar，下載地址為http://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/index.html。將這個包加入lib中即可。

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/mchange/v2/c3p0/ComboPooledDataSource
    at org.quartz.utils.PoolingConnectionProvider.initialize(PoolingConnectionProvider.java:210)
    at org.quartz.utils.PoolingConnectionProvider.<init>(PoolingConnectionProvider.java:155)
    at org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory.instantiate(StdSchedulerFactory.java:1014)
    at org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory.getScheduler(StdSchedulerFactory.java:1519)
    at com.example.singleQuartz.SingleQuartzKeepAlive.main(SingleQuartzKeepAlive.java:17)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:144)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
    at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
    ... 10 more

Process finished with exit code 1

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運行結果正常，我們在數據庫可以看到job和trigger表都有了任務調度記錄數據。此時我們不妨只啟動原來的調度器，看看是否任務調度還能正常進行。通過結果同學們就很清楚了，這次任務調度我們只執行了4次，因為在程序中斷之前運行了7次。

package com.example.singleQuartz;

import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerException;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * Created by XuHui on 2016/12/23.
 */
public class SingleQuartzOldScheduler {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {
        StdSchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
        factory.initialize("quartz.properities");
        Scheduler scheduler = factory.getScheduler();
        scheduler.start();
        try{
            TimeUnit.MINUTES.sleep(1);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            scheduler.shutdown();
        }
    }
}
=================結果====================
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started.
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 09:20:16 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 09:20:26 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 09:20:36 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 09:20:46 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutting down.
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED paused.
[main] INFO org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler - Scheduler MyScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED shutdown complete.

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5.最終的工程目錄結構

(三)Quartz集群

1.搭建web工程

　　看完第二部分之後，大部分同學已經明白了，Quartz集群是怎麼回事了。其實就是把調度任務存到數據庫中，集群的時候每台服務器調度任務都指向同一數據庫，從同一數據庫取調度任務，這就是Quartz集群了。為在本地驗證quartz集群，我重新搭建一個工程，裡面撘兩個web模塊，目錄結構如下。clusterweb_two和clusterweb_one文件和配置一模一樣。

2.配置Quartz集群文件quartz.properities

　　多台服務器上的這個配置文件除了instanceId不同，這裡可以設置成AUTO根據機器自動生成，其他基本都相同，必須限定的是數據庫信息必須相同。

org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName = ClusterScheduler
org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount = 3
org.quartz.jobStore.class = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreTX
org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate
org.quartz.jobStore.tablePrefix = QRTZ_
org.quartz.jobStore.dataSource = myDS
# Cluster
org.quartz.jobStore.isClustered = true
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceId = AUTO

org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.driver = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.URL = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/quartz?characterEncoding=utf-8
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.user = root
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.password = 123456
org.quartz.dataSource.myDS.maxConnections = 5

3.配置web監聽器

　　我們把調度器放到web監聽器中運行，當web啟動時會運行這個監聽器，同時會啟動調度器，監聽器QuartzApplicationListener.java如下所示。

package com.example.web;

import org.quartz.*;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;

import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * Created by XuHui on 2016/12/23.
 */
public class QuartzApplicationListener implements ServletContextListener {
    private Scheduler scheduler = null;
    @Override
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
        StdSchedulerFactory factory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
        try {
            factory.initialize("quartz.properities");
            scheduler = factory.getScheduler();
             /* 啟動調度器 */
            scheduler.start();
        } catch (SchedulerException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(HelloJob.class)
                .withIdentity("job", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
                .build();

        Date startTime = DateBuilder.nextGivenSecondDate(null, 30);
        SimpleTrigger simpleTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
                .withIdentity("trigger", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP)
                .startAt(startTime)
                .withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
                        .withIntervalInSeconds(10)
                        .withRepeatCount(10))
                .forJob(jobDetail)
                .build();
        try{
            /* 交由調度器調度Job */
            scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, simpleTrigger);
        } catch (SchedulerException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        /* 3分鐘任務調度之後關閉調度器 */
        try{
            TimeUnit.MINUTES.sleep(3);
        }catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
        try{
            scheduler.shutdown();
        } catch (SchedulerException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

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4.web配置文件web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">
    <listener>
        <listener-class>
            com.example.web.QuartzApplicationListener
        </listener-class>
    </listener>
</web-app>

5.運行兩個tomcat模擬集群

　　在idea中配置兩個tomcat，並且讓兩個tomcat同時運行有點小麻煩，主要注意一點每個tomcat配置的Http Port 和 JMX Port要不同。

tomcat1 : Http Port : 8081 JMX Port : 1099

tomcat2 : Http Port : 8082 JMX Port : 1100

　　tomcat1和tomcat2運行成功之後，此時兩個服務都已啟動，此時只有tomcat1開始任務調度，tomcat2未進行任務調度。首先把tomcat1服務停掉，此時會出現tomcat2任務調度開始，這裡跟做服務高可靠性很像。運行結果：

==============tomcat1=====================
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:27:00 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webone
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:27:10 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webone
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:27:20 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webone
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:27:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webone
D:\work\tomcat\apache-tomcat-8.0.23-windows-x64\apache-tomcat-8.0.23\bin\catalina.bat stop
Disconnected from server
==============tomcat2=====================
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:27:56 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:27:56 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:28:00 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:28:10 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:28:20 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:28:30 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo
Hello, Quartz! - executing its JOB at Fri Dec 23 11:28:40 CST 2016 by DEFAULT.job on webtwo
[2016-12-23 11:29:48,369] Artifact clusterweb_two:war exploded: Artifact is deployed successfully

寫在最後：Quartz基礎部分總結起來可能不多，實際應用主要是Job中execute方法的實現。看完上面的介紹之後我們發現，Quartz使用起來非常方便，Quartz提供了很多日期和日歷類。寫過定時備份、定時查詢統計方法的同學，知道這裡寫起來很麻煩。Quqatz大大縮減了程序的代碼量。之前和一位同事討論了什麼時候用Quartz，很多時候我們都會自己寫任務調度。一般都是這樣實現的：我們會啟線程相當於定時器，定時去查詢符合條件的Job，如果查詢到多Job同時調度，我們會啟一個線程池多線程並發運行。這樣看上去Quartz都具備了，使用Quartz之後代碼非常簡潔、可復用性高並且任務調度的可持久性，只需要配置Quartz配置文件就可以將調度任務存到數據庫中，正是因為這點所以Quartz可以集群，對於任務數很多的集群環境下，這就是無與倫比的優點了。如果在搭建環境或者發現文章中有不對或不足的地方，可以在下方留言，大家共同學習。