程式師世界 >> 編程語言 >> JAVA編程 >> JAVA綜合教程 >> SpringMVC中的異常處理集錦，springmvc異常處理

SpringMVC中的異常處理集錦，springmvc異常處理

編輯：JAVA綜合教程

SpringMVC中的異常處理集錦，springmvc異常處理

1 描述
在J2EE項目的開發中，不管是對底層的數據庫操作過程，還是業務層的處理過程，還是控制層的處理過程，都不可避免會遇到各種可預知的、不可預知的異常需要處理。每個過程都單獨處理異常，系統的代碼耦合度高，工作量大且不好統一，維護的工作量也很大。
那麼，能不能將所有類型的異常處理從各處理過程解耦出來，這樣既保證了相關處理過程的功能較單一，也實現了異常信息的統一處理和維護？答案是肯定的。下面將介紹使用Spring MVC統一處理異常的解決和實現過程。
2 分析
Spring MVC處理異常有3種方式：
（1）使用Spring MVC提供的簡單異常處理器SimpleMappingExceptionResolver；
（2）實現Spring的異常處理SimpleMappingExceptionResolver自定義自己的異常處理器；

（3）實現HandlerExceptionResolver 接口自定義異常處理器
（4）使用注解@ExceptionHandler實現異常處理；

3 實戰

一:使用Spring MVC提供的簡單異常處理器SimpleMappingExceptionResolver

源碼介紹:

1.lib包（jar包）和web.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5">
  <display-name></display-name>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

View Code

2.index.jsp（測試頁面入口）和 error.jsp（有錯誤則會跳到此頁面）和 hello.jsp（沒錯誤則會跳到此頁面）

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
    String path = request.getContextPath();
    String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
            + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
            + path + "/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">

<title>異常處理器測試</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="frist.do" method="post">
        <input type="submit" value="測試" />
    </form>
</body>
</html>

View Code

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    <title>這是錯誤頁面</title>
  </head>
  <body>
       這是錯誤頁面  ${ex.message }
  </body>
</html>

View Code

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    <title>成功歡迎頁面</title>
  </head>
  <body>
       你竟然沒報錯<br/>
  </body>
</html>

View Code

3.MyController,java(定義自己的處理器)

package cn.zhang.controller;
//定義自己的處理器
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

@Controller
public class MyController{
   
    @RequestMapping(value="/frist.do",produces="text/html;charset=utf-8",method=RequestMethod.POST)
    public String frist(){
        //制造一個異常
        int i=5/0;
        System.out.println(i);
        return "forward:/hello.jsp";
    }
}

View Code

4.applicationContext.xml(Spring的配置文件)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!-- 使用注解方式完成映射 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.zhang.controller"></context:component-scan>
    <!-- mvc的注解驅動 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <!-- 注冊系統異常處理器 -->
    <bean
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
        <property name="defaultErrorView" value="error.jsp"></property>
        <property name="exceptionAttribute" value="ex"></property>
    </bean>

</beans>

View Code

測試展示:

點擊測試，由於我們在自己的處理器制造了一個異常，所以它會跳到錯誤頁面

二:實現Spring的異常處理接口SimpleMappingExceptionResolver自定義自己的異常處理器

源碼介紹:

1.lib包和web.xml一樣（不做解釋）

2.error包中是指定錯誤頁面

ageerrors.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
    String path = request.getContextPath();
    String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
            + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
            + path + "/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>年齡錯誤頁面</title>
</head>
<body>年齡錯誤   ${ex.message }
</body>
</html>

View Code

nameerrors.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    <title>名字錯誤頁面</title>
  </head>
  <body>
   名字錯誤
   ${ex.message }
  </body>
</html>

View Code

3.MyController.java

package cn.zhang.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import cn.zhang.exception.AgeException;
import cn.zhang.exception.NameException;
import cn.zhang.exception.UserException;

//定義自己的處理器

@Controller
public class MyController{
   
    @RequestMapping(value="/frist.do")
    public String frist(Model model,String name,int age) throws UserException{
        if (name.equals("admin")) {
            throw new NameException("用戶名錯誤");    
        }
        if (age>50) {
            throw new AgeException("年齡過大");
        }
        return "forward:/hello.jsp";
    }
}

View Code

4.exception包下，指定我們的異常類

UserException.java

package cn.zhang.exception;
//定義UserException繼承Exception
public class UserException extends Exception {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    public UserException() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

    public UserException(String message) {
        super(message);
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
    
}

View Code

AgeException.java

package cn.zhang.exception;
//繼承UserException父類
public class AgeException extends UserException {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    public AgeException() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

    public AgeException(String message) {
        super(message);
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
    
    

}

View Code

NameException.java

package cn.zhang.exception;
//繼承UserException父類
public class NameException extends UserException {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    public NameException() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

    public NameException(String message) {
        super(message);
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

}

View Code

5.applicationContext.xml(Spring的配置文件)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!-- 使用注解方式完成映射 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.zhang.controller"></context:component-scan>
    <!-- mvc的注解驅動 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <!-- 實現Spring的異常處理接口HandlerExceptionResolver 自定義自己的異常處理器 -->
    <bean
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
        <property name="defaultErrorView" value="error.jsp"></property>
        <property name="exceptionAttribute" value="ex"></property>
        <!-- 指定錯誤到指定頁面 -->
        <property name="exceptionMappings">
            <props>
                <prop key="cn.zhang.exception.AgeException">error/ageerrors.jsp</prop>
                <prop key="cn.zhang.exception.NameException">error/nameerrors.jsp</prop>
            </props>
        </property>

    </bean>

</beans>

View Code

結果展示:

三:實現HandlerExceptionResolver 接口自定義異常處理器

要修改的代碼:

1.MyHandlerExceptionResolver.java--定義自己的異常處理器（實現HandlerExceptionResolver接口）

package cn.zhang.resolvers;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import cn.zhang.exception.AgeException;
import cn.zhang.exception.NameException;
/**
 * 定義自己的異常處理器（實現HandlerExceptionResolver接口）
 * @author zhangzong
 *
 */
public class MyHandlerExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver{

    public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) {
        
        ModelAndView  mv=new ModelAndView();
        mv.addObject("ex",ex);
        
        mv.setViewName("/errors.jsp");
        

        if(ex instanceof NameException){
            mv.setViewName("/error/nameerrors.jsp");
        }
        
        if(ex instanceof AgeException){
            mv.setViewName("/error/ageerrors.jsp");
        }
        
        return mv;
    }
    
}

View Code

2.applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!-- 使用注解方式完成映射 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.zhang.controller"></context:component-scan>
    <!-- mvc的注解驅動 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <!-- 注冊自定義異常處理器 -->
     <bean class="cn.zhang.resolvers.MyHandlerExceptionResolver"/>
</beans>

View Code

其他的相同，不作解釋

四:使用注解@ExceptionHandler實現異常處理

源碼介紹:

1.其他配置相同（不做解釋）

2.MyController.java--繼承我們自己定義的注解異常處理器MyHandlerExceptionResolver

package cn.zhang.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import cn.zhang.exception.AgeException;
import cn.zhang.exception.NameException;
import cn.zhang.exception.UserException;
import cn.zhang.resolvers.MyHandlerExceptionResolver;

//定義自己的處理器
//繼承我們自己定義的注解異常處理器MyHandlerExceptionResolver
@Controller
public class MyController extends MyHandlerExceptionResolver{
   
    @RequestMapping(value="/frist.do")
    public String frist(Model model,String name,int age) throws UserException{
        if (name.equals("admin")) {
            throw new NameException("用戶名錯誤");    
        }
        if (age>50) {
            throw new AgeException("年齡過大");
        }
        return "forward:/hello.jsp";
    }
}

View Code

3.MyHandlerExceptionResolver.java--定義自己的異常處理器（使用注解）

package cn.zhang.resolvers;


import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import cn.zhang.exception.AgeException;
import cn.zhang.exception.NameException;
/**
 * 定義自己的異常處理器（使用注解）
 * @author zhangzong
 *
 */
@Controller
public class MyHandlerExceptionResolver{

    @ExceptionHandler
    public ModelAndView resolveException(Exception ex) {
        
        ModelAndView  mv=new ModelAndView();
        mv.addObject("ex",ex);
        
        mv.setViewName("/errors.jsp");
        

        if(ex instanceof NameException){
            mv.setViewName("/error/nameerrors.jsp");
        }
        
        if(ex instanceof AgeException){
            mv.setViewName("/error/ageerrors.jsp");
        }
        
        return mv;
    }
    
}

View Code

4.applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!-- 使用注解方式完成映射 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.zhang.controller"></context:component-scan>
    <!-- mvc的注解驅動 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

    <!-- 注冊自定義異常處理器 -->
     <bean class="cn.zhang.resolvers.MyHandlerExceptionResolver"/>
</beans>

View Code

效果和上相同，這裡不做展示