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 程式師世界 >> 編程語言 >> 網頁編程 >> PHP編程 >> 關於PHP編程 >> Zend Framework教程之動作的基類Zend_Controller_Action詳解,controller基類

Zend Framework教程之動作的基類Zend_Controller_Action詳解,controller基類

編輯:關於PHP編程

Zend Framework教程之動作的基類Zend_Controller_Action詳解,controller基類


本文實例講述了Zend Framework教程之動作的基類Zend_Controller_Action。分享給大家供大家參考,具體如下:

Zend_Controller_Action的實現

Zend Framework的動作控制器需要繼承Zend_Controller_Action,Zend_Controller_Action提供了動作控制器的基本功能,具體參考如下代碼:

Zend_Controller_Action_Interface

<?php
interface Zend_Controller_Action_Interface
{
  /**
   * Class constructor
   *
   * The request and response objects should be registered with the
   * controller, as should be any additional optional arguments; these will be
   * available via {@link getRequest()}, {@link getResponse()}, and
   * {@link getInvokeArgs()}, respectively.
   *
   * When overriding the constructor, please consider this usage as a best
   * practice and ensure that each is registered appropriately; the easiest
   * way to do so is to simply call parent::__construct($request, $response,
   * $invokeArgs).
   *
   * After the request, response, and invokeArgs are set, the
   * {@link $_helper helper broker} is initialized.
   *
   * Finally, {@link init()} is called as the final action of
   * instantiation, and may be safely overridden to perform initialization
   * tasks; as a general rule, override {@link init()} instead of the
   * constructor to customize an action controller's instantiation.
   *
   * @param Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request
   * @param Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response
   * @param array $invokeArgs Any additional invocation arguments
   * @return void
   */
  public function __construct(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request,
                Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response,
                array $invokeArgs = array());
  /**
   * Dispatch the requested action
   *
   * @param string $action Method name of action
   * @return void
   */
  public function dispatch($action);
}

Zend_Controller_Action

<?php
require_once 'Zend/Controller/Action/HelperBroker.php';
require_once 'Zend/Controller/Action/Interface.php';
require_once 'Zend/Controller/Front.php';
abstract class Zend_Controller_Action implements Zend_Controller_Action_Interface
{
  protected $_classMethods;
  protected $_delimiters;
  protected $_invokeArgs = array();
  protected $_frontController;
  protected $_request = null;
  protected $_response = null;
  public $viewSuffix = 'phtml';
  public $view;
  protected $_helper = null;
  public function __construct(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request, Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response, array $invokeArgs = array())
  {
    $this->setRequest($request)
       ->setResponse($response)
       ->_setInvokeArgs($invokeArgs);
    $this->_helper = new Zend_Controller_Action_HelperBroker($this);
    $this->init();
  }
  public function init()
  {
  }
  public function initView()
  {
    if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {
      return $this->view;
    }
    require_once 'Zend/View/Interface.php';
    if (isset($this->view) && ($this->view instanceof Zend_View_Interface)) {
      return $this->view;
    }
    $request = $this->getRequest();
    $module = $request->getModuleName();
    $dirs  = $this->getFrontController()->getControllerDirectory();
    if (empty($module) || !isset($dirs[$module])) {
      $module = $this->getFrontController()->getDispatcher()->getDefaultModule();
    }
    $baseDir = dirname($dirs[$module]) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'views';
    if (!file_exists($baseDir) || !is_dir($baseDir)) {
      require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php';
      throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Missing base view directory ("' . $baseDir . '")');
    }
    require_once 'Zend/View.php';
    $this->view = new Zend_View(array('basePath' => $baseDir));
    return $this->view;
  }
  public function render($action = null, $name = null, $noController = false)
  {
    if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {
      return $this->_helper->viewRenderer->render($action, $name, $noController);
    }
    $view  = $this->initView();
    $script = $this->getViewScript($action, $noController);
    $this->getResponse()->appendBody(
      $view->render($script),
      $name
    );
  }
  public function renderScript($script, $name = null)
  {
    if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {
      return $this->_helper->viewRenderer->renderScript($script, $name);
    }
    $view = $this->initView();
    $this->getResponse()->appendBody(
      $view->render($script),
      $name
    );
  }
  public function getViewScript($action = null, $noController = null)
  {
    if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {
      $viewRenderer = $this->_helper->getHelper('viewRenderer');
      if (null !== $noController) {
        $viewRenderer->setNoController($noController);
      }
      return $viewRenderer->getViewScript($action);
    }
    $request = $this->getRequest();
    if (null === $action) {
      $action = $request->getActionName();
    } elseif (!is_string($action)) {
      require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php';
      throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Invalid action specifier for view render');
    }
    if (null === $this->_delimiters) {
      $dispatcher = Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance()->getDispatcher();
      $wordDelimiters = $dispatcher->getWordDelimiter();
      $pathDelimiters = $dispatcher->getPathDelimiter();
      $this->_delimiters = array_unique(array_merge($wordDelimiters, (array) $pathDelimiters));
    }
    $action = str_replace($this->_delimiters, '-', $action);
    $script = $action . '.' . $this->viewSuffix;
    if (!$noController) {
      $controller = $request->getControllerName();
      $controller = str_replace($this->_delimiters, '-', $controller);
      $script = $controller . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $script;
    }
    return $script;
  }
  public function getRequest()
  {
    return $this->_request;
  }
  public function setRequest(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request)
  {
    $this->_request = $request;
    return $this;
  }
  public function getResponse()
  {
    return $this->_response;
  }
  public function setResponse(Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response)
  {
    $this->_response = $response;
    return $this;
  }
  protected function _setInvokeArgs(array $args = array())
  {
    $this->_invokeArgs = $args;
    return $this;
  }
  public function getInvokeArgs()
  {
    return $this->_invokeArgs;
  }
  public function getInvokeArg($key)
  {
    if (isset($this->_invokeArgs[$key])) {
      return $this->_invokeArgs[$key];
    }
    return null;
  }
  public function getHelper($helperName)
  {
    return $this->_helper->{$helperName};
  }
  public function getHelperCopy($helperName)
  {
    return clone $this->_helper->{$helperName};
  }
  public function setFrontController(Zend_Controller_Front $front)
  {
    $this->_frontController = $front;
    return $this;
  }
  public function getFrontController()
  {
    // Used cache version if found
    if (null !== $this->_frontController) {
      return $this->_frontController;
    }
    // Grab singleton instance, if class has been loaded
    if (class_exists('Zend_Controller_Front')) {
      $this->_frontController = Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance();
      return $this->_frontController;
    }
    // Throw exception in all other cases
    require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php';
    throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Front controller class has not been loaded');
  }
  public function preDispatch()
  {
  }
  public function postDispatch()
  {
  }
  public function __call($methodName, $args)
  {
    require_once 'Zend/Controller/Action/Exception.php';
    if ('Action' == substr($methodName, -6)) {
      $action = substr($methodName, 0, strlen($methodName) - 6);
      throw new Zend_Controller_Action_Exception(sprintf('Action "%s" does not exist and was not trapped in __call()', $action), 404);
    }
    throw new Zend_Controller_Action_Exception(sprintf('Method "%s" does not exist and was not trapped in __call()', $methodName), 500);
  }
  public function dispatch($action)
  {
    // Notify helpers of action preDispatch state
    $this->_helper->notifyPreDispatch();
    $this->preDispatch();
    if ($this->getRequest()->isDispatched()) {
      if (null === $this->_classMethods) {
        $this->_classMethods = get_class_methods($this);
      }
      // If pre-dispatch hooks introduced a redirect then stop dispatch
      // @see ZF-7496
      if (!($this->getResponse()->isRedirect())) {
        // preDispatch() didn't change the action, so we can continue
        if ($this->getInvokeArg('useCaseSensitiveActions') || in_array($action, $this->_classMethods)) {
          if ($this->getInvokeArg('useCaseSensitiveActions')) {
            trigger_error('Using case sensitive actions without word separators is deprecated; please do not rely on this "feature"');
          }
          $this->$action();
        } else {
          $this->__call($action, array());
        }
      }
      $this->postDispatch();
    }
    // whats actually important here is that this action controller is
    // shutting down, regardless of dispatching; notify the helpers of this
    // state
    $this->_helper->notifyPostDispatch();
  }
  public function run(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request = null, Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response = null)
  {
    if (null !== $request) {
      $this->setRequest($request);
    } else {
      $request = $this->getRequest();
    }
    if (null !== $response) {
      $this->setResponse($response);
    }
    $action = $request->getActionName();
    if (empty($action)) {
      $action = 'index';
    }
    $action = $action . 'Action';
    $request->setDispatched(true);
    $this->dispatch($action);
    return $this->getResponse();
  }
  protected function _getParam($paramName, $default = null)
  {
    $value = $this->getRequest()->getParam($paramName);
     if ((null === $value || '' === $value) && (null !== $default)) {
      $value = $default;
    }
    return $value;
  }
  protected function _setParam($paramName, $value)
  {
    $this->getRequest()->setParam($paramName, $value);
    return $this;
  }
  protected function _hasParam($paramName)
  {
    return null !== $this->getRequest()->getParam($paramName);
  }
  protected function _getAllParams()
  {
    return $this->getRequest()->getParams();
  }
  final protected function _forward($action, $controller = null, $module = null, array $params = null)
  {
    $request = $this->getRequest();
    if (null !== $params) {
      $request->setParams($params);
    }
    if (null !== $controller) {
      $request->setControllerName($controller);
      // Module should only be reset if controller has been specified
      if (null !== $module) {
        $request->setModuleName($module);
      }
    }
    $request->setActionName($action)
        ->setDispatched(false);
  }
  protected function _redirect($url, array $options = array())
  {
    $this->_helper->redirector->gotoUrl($url, $options);
  }
}

Zend_Controller_Action提供了動作和視圖的render功能,以及注冊請求和響應對象,常用助手等等。

動作控制器的常用方法

在動作控制器中常用的方法和屬性如下:

$this->_helper主要完成助手的相關操作例如:

// 只是局部控制器;當初始化加載時,對這個控制器的所有動作有效:
$this->_helper->viewRenderer->setNoRender(true);
// 全局:
$this->_helper->removeHelper('viewRenderer');
 // 也是全局,但需要和本地版本協作,以便繁殖這個控制器:
Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance()->setParam('noViewRenderer', true);

通過設置ViewRenderer的noRender標記,可以簡單地為一個獨立的視圖禁止解析(rendering):

class FooController extends Zend_Controller_Action
{
  public function barAction()
  {
    // disable autorendering for this action only:
    $this->_helper->viewRenderer->setNoRender();
  }
}

禁止ViewRenderer的主要原因是如果你不需要視圖對象或者如果你不通過視圖腳本(例如,當使用動作控制器來司服網站服務協議如SOAP,XML-RPC或REST)來解析。大多數情況下,你不需要全局地禁止ViewRenderer,只選擇性地在個別控制器或動作裡禁止它。

請求對象和響應對象的相關操作

無數的對象和變量與對象一起注冊,並且每個都有訪問器方法。

請求對象:getRequest()可用來讀取調用動作請求對象。

響應對象: getResponse()可用來讀取收集最終響應的響應對象。一些典型的調用看起來象這樣:

$this->getResponse()->setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/xml');
$this->getResponse()->appendBody($content);

調用參數:前端控制器可能把參數傳給路由器、派遣器和動作控制器。為了讀取這些參數,可使用getInvokeArg($key);另外,用getInvokeArgs()讀取整個參數列表。

請求參數:請求對象手機請求參數,如任何_GET 或 _POST 參數,或者指定在URL的路徑信息裡的用戶參數。為了讀取這些參數,可使用_getParam($key)或_getAllParams()。也可以用_setParam()來設置請求參數;當轉發到另外的動作時這很有用。

用_hasParam($key)來測試是否一個參數存在(對邏輯分支有用)。

Note: _getParam()可帶有一個可選的第二個參數,如果它不是空的,就包含一個缺省的值。用它在讀取值之前來消除對_hasParam() 的調用:

// Use default value of 1 if id is not set
$id = $this->_getParam('id', 1);
// Instead of:
if ($this->_hasParam('id') {
  $id = $this->_getParam('id');
} else {
  $id = 1;
}

視圖的相關操作

Zend_Controller_Action為視圖繼承提供了一個初步的靈活的機制。有兩個方法來完成這個:initView() 和 render();前者松散地加載$view public 屬性,後者基於當前請求的動作來解析視圖,它們使用目錄層次來決定腳本路徑。

視圖初始化

initView()初始化視圖對象。為了讀取視圖對象,render()調用initView(),但它可以在任何時候被初始化;缺省地,它用Zend_View對象來組裝$view屬性,但任何實現Zend_View_Interface的類可以使用。如果$view已經被初始化,它就簡單地返回屬性。

缺省的實現使用下面假設的目錄結構:

applicationOrModule/
    controllers/
        IndexController.php
    views/
        scripts/
            index/
                index.phtml
        helpers/
        filters/

換句話說,視圖腳本假定放在views/scripts/子目錄,同時假定 views子目錄還包含兄弟功能(助手和過濾器)。確定視圖腳本名稱和路徑時,先以 views/scripts/作為基路徑,然後加上以視圖腳本對應控制器命名的目錄。

解析(Rendering)視圖

render() 有下列特征:has the following signature:

string render(string $action = null,
       string $name = null,
       bool $noController = false);

render()解析視圖腳本。如果沒有傳遞參數,它假定請求的腳本是[controller]/[action].phtml (.phtml是$viewSuffix屬性的值)。為$action傳遞一個值將解析在[controller]子目錄中的模板。為用[controller]重寫,傳遞一個true值給$noController。最後,模板被解析到響應對象;如果你希望解析到一個在響應對象裡指定的named segment,傳遞一個值給$name。

Note: 因為控制器和動作名字裡可能包含分隔符如'_'、 '.' 和 '-',當決定視圖名字時,render()把它們規格化成 '-'.在內部,它使用派遣器的字和路徑分隔符來做規格化。這樣,對/foo.bar/baz-bat的請求將解析腳本foo-bar/baz-bat.phtml。如果動作方法包含camelCasing,記住當決定視圖腳本文件名的時候,這將變成由'-'分隔的字。

一些例子:

class MyController extends Zend_Controller_Action
{
  public function fooAction()
  {
    // Renders my/foo.phtml
    $this->render();
    // Renders my/bar.phtml
    $this->render('bar');
    // Renders baz.phtml
    $this->render('baz', null, true);
    // Renders my/login.phtml to the 'form' segment of the
    // response object
    $this->render('login', 'form');
    // Renders site.phtml to the 'page' segment of the response
    // object; does not use the 'my/' subirectory
    $this->render('site', 'page', true);
  }
  public function bazBatAction()
  {
    // Renders my/baz-bat.phtml
    $this->render();
  }
}

其它

_forward($action, $controller = null, $module = null, array $params = null) :執行另外一個動作。如果在preDispatch()裡調用,當前請求的動作將被跳過來支持新的動作。否則,在當前動作被處理之後,在_forward()請求的動作將被執行。

_redirect($url, array $options = array()):重定向到另外一個地方。這個方法用URL和一組可選的選項。缺省地,它執行HTTP 302 重定向。

選項可包括一個或多個下面這些:

exit:是否立即退出。如果被請求,它將干淨地關閉任何打開的會話和執行重定向。

可以用setRedirectExit()訪問器在控制器裡全局地設置這個選項。

prependBase:是否預先考慮基礎URL和URL提供的請求對象一起注冊。

使用setRedirectPrependBase()訪問器,在控制器裡全局地設置這個選項。

code:在重定向時要用什麼HTTP代碼。缺省使用302;可以用從301到306之間的任何代碼。

使用setRedirectCode()訪問器,在控制器裡全局地設置這個選項。

擴展自定義Zend_Controller_Action

為了創建動作控制器,設計上,Zend_Controller_Action 必須被繼承。至少,需要定義控制器可能調用的動作方法。

除了為web應用程序創建有用的函數外,你可能發現在不同的控制器裡重復同樣的設置和實用方法;如果這樣,創建一個繼承(extends)Zend_Controller_Action 的基礎類可能會解決問題。

Example #1 如何處理不存在的動作

如果控制器的請求包括一個未定義的動作方法,Zend_Controller_Action::__call()將被調用。__call()當然是PHP中用來重載方法的魔術方法。

缺省地,這個方法拋出一個Zend_Controller_Action_Exception 來表明在控制器裡沒有發現要求的方法。如果要求的方法以'Action'結尾,就假設一個動作被請求並且不存在;這樣的錯誤導致帶有代碼為 404 的異常。所有其它方法導致帶有代碼為 500 的異常。這使你很容易地在錯誤句柄裡區分是頁面沒有發現還是程序錯誤。

如果想執行其它操作,你應該重寫這個函數。例如,如果你想顯示錯誤信息,可以象下面這樣來寫:

class MyController extends Zend_Controller_Action
{
  public function __call($method, $args)
  {
    if ('Action' == substr($method, -6)) {
      // If the action method was not found, render the error
      // template
      return $this->render('error');
    }
    // all other methods throw an exception
    throw new Exception('Invalid method "'
              . $method
              . '" called',
              500);
  }
}

另外的可能性就是你可能想轉發到缺省控制頁面:

class MyController extends Zend_Controller_Action
{
  public function indexAction()
  {
    $this->render();
  }
  public function __call($method, $args)
  {
    if ('Action' == substr($method, -6)) {
      // If the action method was not found, forward to the
      // index action
      return $this->_forward('index');
    }
    // all other methods throw an exception
    throw new Exception('Invalid method "'
              . $method
              . '" called',
              500);
  }
}

為了定制控制器,除了重寫__call()以外,本章前面說涉及的初始化、實用程序、訪問器、視圖和派遣鉤子等方法都可以被重寫。作為例子,如果把視圖對象保存到注冊表裡,你可能想用象下面的代碼來修改initView():

abstract class My_Base_Controller extends Zend_Controller_Action
{
  public function initView()
  {
    if (null === $this->view) {
      if (Zend_Registry::isRegistered('view')) {
        $this->view = Zend_Registry::get('view');
      } else {
        $this->view = new Zend_View();
        $this->view->setBasePath(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../views');
      }
    }
    return $this->view;
  }
}

更多關於zend相關內容感興趣的讀者可查看本站專題:《Zend FrameWork框架入門教程》、《php優秀開發框架總結》、《Yii框架入門及常用技巧總結》、《ThinkPHP入門教程》、《php面向對象程序設計入門教程》、《php+mysql數據庫操作入門教程》及《php常見數據庫操作技巧匯總》

希望本文所述對大家PHP程序設計有所幫助。

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