目前，JSON已經成為最流行的數據交換格式之一，各大網站的API幾乎都支持它。
我寫過一篇《數據類型和JSON格式》，探討它的設計思想。今天，我想總結一下PHP語言對它的支持，這是開發互聯網應用程序（特別是編寫API）必須了解的知識。
從5.2版本開始，PHP原生提供json_encode()和json_decode()函數，前者用於編碼，後者用於解碼。
一、json_encode()
該函數主要用來將數組和對象，轉換為json格式。先看一個數組轉換的例子：
$arr = array ('a'=>1,'b'=>2,'c'=>3,'d'=>4,'e'=>5);
echo json_encode($arr);
結果為
{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5}
再看一個對象轉換的例子：
$obj->body = 'another post'; $obj->id = 21; $obj->approved = true; $obj->favorite_count = 1; $obj->status = NULL; echo json_encode($obj);
結果為
{
"body":"another post",
"id":21,
"approved":true,
"favorite_count":1,
"status":null
}
由於json只接受utf-8編碼的字符，所以json_encode()的參數必須是utf-8編碼，否則會得到空字符或者null。當中文使用GB2312編碼，或者外文使用ISO-8859-1編碼的時候，這一點要特別注意。
二、索引數組和關聯數組
PHP支持兩種數組，一種是只保存"值"（value）的索引數組（indexed array），另一種是保存"名值對"（name/value）的關聯數組（associative array）。
由於javascript不支持關聯數組，所以json_encode()只將索引數組（indexed array）轉為數組格式，而將關聯數組（associative array）轉為對象格式。
比如，現在有一個索引數組
$arr = Array('one', 'two', 'three');
echo json_encode($arr);
結果為：
["one","two","three"]
如果將它改為關聯數組：
$arr = Array('1'=>'one', '2'=>'two', '3'=>'three');
echo json_encode($arr);
結果就變了：
{"1":"one","2":"two","3":"three"}
注意，數據格式從"[]"（數組）變成了"{}"（對象）。
如果你需要將"索引數組"強制轉化成"對象"，可以這樣寫
json_encode( (object)$arr );
或者
json_encode ( $arr, JSON_FORCE_OBJECT );
三、類（class）的轉換
下面是一個PHP的類：
class Foo {
const ERROR_CODE = '404';
public $public_ex = 'this is public';
private $private_ex = 'this is private!';
protected $protected_ex = 'this should be protected';
public function getErrorCode() {
return self::ERROR_CODE;
}
}
現在，對這個類的實例進行json轉換：
$foo = new Foo; $foo_json = json_encode($foo); echo $foo_json;
輸出結果是
{"public_ex":"this is public"}
可以看到，除了公開變量（public），其他東西（常量、私有變量、方法等等）都遺失了。
四、json_decode()
該函數用於將json文本轉換為相應的PHP數據結構。下面是一個例子：
$json = '{"foo": 12345}';
$obj = json_decode($json);
print $obj->{'foo'}; // 12345
通常情況下，json_decode()總是返回一個PHP對象，而不是數組。比如：
$json = '{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5}';
var_dump(json_decode($json));
結果就是生成一個PHP對象：
object(stdClass)#1 (5) {
["a"] => int(1)
["b"] => int(2)
["c"] => int(3)
["d"] => int(4)
["e"] => int(5)
}
如果想要強制生成PHP關聯數組，json_decode()需要加一個參數true：
$json = '{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5}';
var_dump(json_decode($json,true));
結果就生成了一個關聯數組：
array(5) {
["a"] => int(1)
["b"] => int(2)
["c"] => int(3)
["d"] => int(4)
["e"] => int(5)
}
五、json_decode()的常見錯誤
下面三種json寫法都是錯的，你能看出錯在哪裡嗎？
$bad_json = "{ 'bar': 'baz' }";
$bad_json = '{ bar: "baz" }';
$bad_json = '{ "bar": "baz", }';
對這三個字符串執行json_decode()都將返回null，並且報錯。
第一個的錯誤是，json的分隔符（delimiter）只允許使用雙引號，不能使用單引號。第二個的錯誤是，json名值對的"名"（冒號左邊的部分），任何情況下都必須使用雙引號。第三個的錯誤是，最後一個值之後不能添加逗號（trailing comma）。
另外，json只能用來表示對象（object）和數組（array），如果對一個字符串或數值使用json_decode()，將會返回null。
var_dump(json_decode("Hello World")); //null
下面給大家介紹哦php語言的json實現
由於開發一個ajax file manager for web開源項目,數據交換使用的json格式，後來發現在低版本的php上運行會有問題，仔細調試發現json_decode和json_encode無法正常工作，於是查閱資料，發現低版本的php沒有實現這兩個函數，為了兼容性，我只好自己實現一個php版的json編碼解碼代碼，並保證和json2.js的一致，測試調試並通過，現在將其公布出來，供有相同需求的同學使用：
<?php
/* * ****************************************************************************
* $base: $
*
* $Author: $
* Berlin Qin
*
* $History: base.js $
* Berlin Qin // created
*
* $contacted
* webfmt@gmail.com
* www.webfmt.com
*
* *************************************************************************** */
/* ===========================================================================
* license
*
* 、Open Source Licenses
* webfmt is distributed under the GPL, LGPL and MPL open source licenses.
* This triple copyleft licensing model avoids incompatibility with other open source licenses.
* These Open Source licenses are specially indicated for:
* Integrating webfmt into Open Source software;
* Personal and educational use of webfmt;
* Integrating webfmt in commercial software,
* taking care of satisfying the Open Source licenses terms,
* while not able or interested on supporting webfmt and its development.
*
* 、Commercial License – fbis source Closed Distribution License - CDL
* For many companies and products, Open Source licenses are not an option.
* This is why the fbis source Closed Distribution License (CDL) has been introduced.
* It is a non-copyleft license which gives companies complete freedom
* when integrating webfmt into their products and web sites.
* This license offers a very flexible way to integrate webfmt in your commercial application.
* These are the main advantages it offers over an Open Source license:
* Modifications and enhancements doesn't need to be released under an Open Source license;
* There is no need to distribute any Open Source license terms alongside with your product
* and no reference to it have to be done;
* No references to webfmt have to be done in any file distributed with your product;
* The source code of webfmt doesn't have to be distributed alongside with your product;
* You can remove any file from webfmt when integrating it with your product.
* The CDL is a lifetime license valid for all releases of webfmt published during
* and before the year following its purchase.
* It's valid for webfmt releases also. It includes year of personal e-mail support.
*
* ************************************************************************************************************************************************* */
function jsonDecode($json)
{
$result = array();
try
{
if (PHP_VERSION_ID > )
{
$result = (array) json_decode($json);
}
else
{
$json = str_replace(array("\\\\", "\\\""), array("&#;", "&#;"), $json);
$parts = preg_split("@(\"[^\"]*\")|([\[\]\{\},:])|\s@is", $json, -, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY | PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
foreach ($parts as $index => $part)
{
if (strlen($part) == )
{
switch ($part)
{
case "[":
case "{":
$parts[$index] = "array(";
break;
case "]":
case "}":
$parts[$index] = ")";
break;
case ":":
$parts[$index] = "=>";
break;
case ",":
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
$json = str_replace(array("&#;", "&#;", "$"), array("\\\\", "\\\"", "\\$"), implode("", $parts));
$result = eval("return $json;");
}
}
catch (Exception $e)
{
$result = array("error" => $e->getCode());
}
return $result;
}
function valueTostr($val)
{
if (is_string($val))
{
$val = str_replace('\"', "\\\"", $val);
$val = str_replace("\\", "\\\\", $val);
$val = str_replace("/", "\\/", $val);
$val = str_replace("\t", "\\t", $val);
$val = str_replace("\n", "\\n", $val);
$val = str_replace("\r", "\\r", $val);
$val = str_replace("\b", "\\b", $val);
$val = str_replace("\f", "\\f", $val);
return '"' . $val . '"';
}
elseif (is_int($val))
return sprintf('%d', $val);
elseif (is_float($val))
return sprintf('%F', $val);
elseif (is_bool($val))
return ($val ? 'true' : 'false');
else
return 'null';
}
function jsonEncode($arr)
{
$result = "{}";
try
{
if (PHP_VERSION_ID > )
{
$result = json_encode($arr);
}
else
{
$parts = array();
$is_list = false;
if (!is_array($arr))
{
$arr = (array) $arr;
}
$end = count($arr) - ;
if (count($arr) > )
{
if (is_numeric(key($arr)))
{
$result = "[";
for ($i = ; $i < count($arr); $i++)
{
if (is_array($arr[$i]))
{
$result = $result . jsonEncode($arr[$i]);
}
else
{
$result = $result . valueTostr($arr[$i]);
}
if ($i != $end)
{
$result = $result . ",";
}
}
$result = $result . "]";
}
else
{
$result = "{";
$i = ;
foreach ($arr as $key => $value)
{
$result = $result . '"' . $key . '":';
if (is_array($value))
{
$result = $result . jsonEncode($value);
}
else
{
$result = $result . valueTostr($value);
}
if ($i != $end)
{
$result = $result . ",";
}
$i++;
}
$result = $result . "}";
}
}
else
{
$result = "[]";
}
}
}
catch (Exception $e)
{
}
return $result;
}
?>
如果使用過程有什麼問題，可以給我email.歡迎大家指出錯誤！
