用C說話舉例講授數據構造中的算法龐雜度結與次序表。本站提示廣大學習愛好者:(用C說話舉例講授數據構造中的算法龐雜度結與次序表)文章只能為提供參考,不一定能成為您想要的結果。以下是用C說話舉例講授數據構造中的算法龐雜度結與次序表正文
數據構造算法龐雜度
1、影響算法效力的重要身分
(1)算法采取的戰略和辦法;
(2)成績的輸出范圍;
(3)編譯器所發生的代碼;
(4)盤算機履行速度。
2、時光龐雜度
// 時光龐雜度:2n + 5
long sum1(int n)
{
long ret = 0; \\1
int* array = (int*)malloc(n * sizeof(int)); \\1
int i = 0; \\1
for(i=0; i<n; i++) \\n
{
array[i] = i + 1;
}
for(i=0; i<n; i++) \\n
{
ret += array[i];
}
free(array); \\1
return ret; \\1
}
\\時光龐雜度: n + 3
long sum2(int n)
{
long ret = 0; \\1
int i = 0; \\1
for(i=1; i<=n; i++) \\n
{
ret += i;
}
return ret; \\1
}
\\時光龐雜度: 3
long sum3(int n)
{
long ret = 0; \\1
if( n > 0 )
{
ret = (1 + n) * n / 2; \\1
}
return ret; \\1
}
跟著成績范圍n的增年夜,它們操作數目的差別會愈來愈年夜,是以現實算法在時光效力上的差別也會變得異常顯著!
斷定一個算法的效力時,常常只須要存眷操作數目的最高次項,其它主要項和常數項可以疏忽。
在沒有特別解釋時,我們所剖析的算法的時光龐雜度都是指最壞時光龐雜度。
3、空間龐雜度
//空間龐雜度:12 + n
long sum1(int n)
{
long ret = 0; \\4
int* array = (int*)malloc(n * sizeof(int)); \\4 + 4 * n
int i = 0; \\4
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
array[i] = i + 1;
}
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
ret += array[i];
}
free(array);
return ret;
}
\\空間龐雜度: 8
long sum2(int n)
{
long ret = 0; \\4
int i = 0; \\4
for(i=1; i<=n; i++)
{
ret += i;
}
return ret;
}
\\空間龐雜度: 4
long sum3(int n)
{
long ret = 0; \\4
if( n > 0 )
{
ret = (1 + n) * n / 2;
}
return ret;
}
多半情形下,算法履行時所用的時光更使人存眷,假如有需要,可以經由過程增長空間龐雜度來下降時光龐雜度,同理,也能夠經由過程增長時光龐雜度來下降空間龐雜度,詳細成績,詳細剖析。
數據構造次序表
表是具有雷同類型的n(n >= 0)個數據元素的無限序列,即:
//seq_list.h
#ifndef _SEQ_LIST_H_
#define _SEQ_LIST_H_
struct seq_list
{
int capacity;
int length;
unsigned int *node;
};
struct seq_list* seq_list_create(int capacity);
int seq_list_capacity(struct seq_list* list);
int seq_list_length(struct seq_list* list);
int seq_list_insert(struct seq_list* list, int position, void* data);
void* seq_list_get(struct seq_list* list, int position);
void* seq_list_remove(struct seq_list* list, int position);
void seq_list_clear();
void seq_list_destroy(struct seq_list* list);
#endif
//seq_list.c
#include "seq_list.h"
#include <stddef.h>
#include <malloc.h>
struct seq_list* seq_list_create(int capacity)
{
int i = 0;
struct seq_list* ret = NULL;
if (capacity >= 0)
{
ret = (struct seq_list*) malloc(sizeof(struct seq_list) + sizeof(unsigned int) * capacity);
if (ret != NULL)
{
ret->capacity = capacity;
ret->length = 0;
ret->node = (unsigned int*) (ret + 1);
}
}
return ret;
}
int seq_list_insert(struct seq_list* list, int position, void* data)
{
int i = 0;
int ret;
ret = (list != NULL);
ret = ret && position >= 0 && position < list->capacity;
ret = ret && list->length < list->capacity;
if (ret)
{
for (i = list->length; i > position; i--)
{
list->node[i] = (list->node[i - 1]);
}
list->node[i] = (unsigned int)data;
double *p = (double *)data;
list->length++;
}
return ret;
}
void* seq_list_get(struct seq_list* list, int position)
{
void* ret = NULL;
if (list != NULL && position >= 0 && position < list->length)
{
ret = (void *)list->node[position];
}
return ret;
}
void* seq_list_remove(struct seq_list* list, int position)
{
void* ret = NULL;
int i = 0;
if (list != NULL && position >= 0 && position < list->length)
{
int i = 0;
ret = seq_list_get(list, position);
for (i = position + 1; i < list->length; i++)
{
list->node[i - 1] = list->node[i];
}
list->length--;
}
return ret;
}
int seq_list_capacity(struct seq_list* list)
{
int ret = -1;
if (list != NULL)
{
ret = list->capacity;
}
return ret;
}
int seq_list_length(struct seq_list* list)
{
int ret = -1;
if (list != NULL)
{
ret = list->length;
}
return ret;
}
void seq_list_clear(struct seq_list* list)
{
if (list != NULL)
{
list->length = 0;
}
}
void seq_list_destroy(struct seq_list* list)
{
free(list);
list = NULL;
}
//seq_list_main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include "seq_list.h"
int main(void)
{
struct seq_list* list = seq_list_create(100);
double *p = NULL;
int ret = 0;
double a = 1.1;
double b = 2.2;
double c = 3.3;
double d = 4.4;
double e = 5.5;
seq_list_insert(list, 0, &a);
seq_list_insert(list, 1, &b);
seq_list_insert(list, 2, &c);
seq_list_insert(list, 3, &d);
seq_list_insert(list, 4, &e);
printf("list capacity = %d, length = %d\n", seq_list_capacity(list), seq_list_length(list));
p = (double *)seq_list_get(list, 0);
if (p != NULL)
{
printf("%lf\n", *p);
}
p = (double *)seq_list_get(list, 3);
if (p != NULL)
{
printf("%lf\n", *p);
}
p = (double *)seq_list_remove(list, 3);
if (p != NULL)
{
printf("remove data %lf, index at 3 , after length: %d\n", *p, seq_list_length(list));
}
p = (double *)seq_list_get(list, 3);
if (p != NULL)
{
printf("after remove, index at 3: %lf\n", *p);
}
seq_list_clear(list);
printf("after clear, list length is %d\n", seq_list_length(list));
seq_list_destroy(list);
return 0;
}