Action<T1, T2>委托，actiont1t2委托

Action<T1, T2>委托，actiont1t2委托

封裝包含兩個參數的方法委托，沒有返回值。

語法

public delegate void Action<in T1, in T2>(
    T1 arg1,
    T2 arg2
)

類型參數

in T1：委托封裝方法的第一個參數類型，此類型參數逆變。

用法

可以使用Action<T1, T2>委托以參數形式傳遞方法，而不用自定義委托。封裝的方法必須與此委托的方法簽名一致。也就是說，封裝的方法也要有兩個參數，沒有返回值。

下面顯式聲明了一個名為ConcatStrings的委托。然後，它將兩個方法中的任意一個的引用分配給其委托實例。其中一個方法將兩個字符串寫入控制台；另一個將兩個字符串寫入文件。

using System;
using System.IO;

delegate void ConcatStrings(string string1, string string2);

public class TestDelegate
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      string message1 = "The first line of a message.";
      string message2 = "The second line of a message.";
      ConcatStrings concat;

      if (Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Length > 1)
         concat = WriteToFile;
      else
         concat = WriteToConsole;

      concat(message1, message2);
   }

   private static void WriteToConsole(string string1, string string2)
   {
      Console.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", string1, string2);            
   }

   private static void WriteToFile(string string1, string string2)
   {
      StreamWriter writer = null;  
      try
      {
         writer = new StreamWriter(Environment.GetCommandLineArgs()[1], false);
         writer.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", string1, string2);
      }
      catch
      {
         Console.WriteLine("File write operation failed...");
      }
      finally
      {
         if (writer != null) writer.Close();
      }      
   }
}

下面以Action<T1, T2>委托簡化上面的代碼：

using System;
using System.IO;

public class TestAction2
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      string message1 = "The first line of a message.";
      string message2 = "The second line of a message.";
      Action<string, string> concat;

      if (Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Length > 1)
         concat = WriteToFile;
      else
         concat = WriteToConsole;

      concat(message1, message2);
   }

   private static void WriteToConsole(string string1, string string2)
   {
      Console.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", string1, string2);            
   }

   private static void WriteToFile(string string1, string string2)
   {
      StreamWriter writer = null;  
      try
      {
         writer = new StreamWriter(Environment.GetCommandLineArgs()[1], false);
         writer.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", string1, string2);
      }
      catch
      {
         Console.WriteLine("File write operation failed...");
      }
      finally
      {
         if (writer != null) writer.Close();
      }      
   }
}

其實就是預先定義好的委托，不需要自定義對應參數的委托了。

還可以同匿名方法一起使用：

using System;
using System.IO;

public class TestAnonymousMethod
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      string message1 = "The first line of a message.";
      string message2 = "The second line of a message.";
      Action<string, string> concat;

      if (Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Length > 1)
         concat = delegate(string s1, string s2) { WriteToFile(s1, s2); };
      else
         concat = delegate(string s1, string s2) { WriteToConsole(s1, s2);} ;

      concat(message1, message2);
   }

   private static void WriteToConsole(string string1, string string2)
   {
      Console.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", string1, string2);            
   }

   private static void WriteToFile(string string1, string string2)
   {
      StreamWriter writer = null;  
      try
      {
         writer = new StreamWriter(Environment.GetCommandLineArgs()[1], false);
         writer.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", string1, string2);
      }
      catch
      {
         Console.WriteLine("File write operation failed...");
      }
      finally
      {
         if (writer != null) writer.Close();
      }      
   }
}

也可以將匿名函數替換為lambda表達式：

using System;
using System.IO;

public class TestLambdaExpression
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      string message1 = "The first line of a message.";
      string message2 = "The second line of a message.";
      Action<string, string> concat;

      if (Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Length > 1)
         concat = (s1, s2) => WriteToFile(s1, s2);
      else
         concat = (s1, s2) => WriteToConsole(s1, s2);

      concat(message1, message2);
   }

   private static void WriteToConsole(string string1, string string2)
   {
      Console.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", string1, string2);            
   }

   private static void WriteToFile(string string1, string string2)
   {
      StreamWriter writer = null;  
      try
      {
         writer = new StreamWriter(Environment.GetCommandLineArgs()[1], false);
         writer.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", string1, string2);
      }
      catch
      {
         Console.WriteLine("File write operation failed...");
      }
      finally
      {
         if (writer != null) writer.Close();
      }      
   }
}

後兩者都沒有起到簡化代碼的作用。