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[python] 下載天地圖切片地圖

編輯：Python

下載xyz地圖

資源

下列為常用xyz路由地址
為了避免圖片中出現文字標注（道路名稱，建築物名稱等）本文選擇天地圖tian-vec 作為獲取資源對象

 var mapUrl = {

/**** * 高德地圖 * lang可以通過zh_cn設置中文，en設置英文，size基本無作用，scl設置標注還是底圖，scl=1代表注記， * scl=2代表底圖（矢量或者影像），style設置影像和路網，style=6為影像圖， * vec——街道底圖 * img——影像底圖 * roadLabel---路網+標注 */
"aMap-img": "http://webst0{1-4}.is.autonavi.com/appmaptile?style=6&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}",
"aMap-vec": "http://webrd0{1-4}.is.autonavi.com/appmaptile?lang=zh_cn&size=1&scale=1&style=8&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}",
"aMap-roadLabel": "http://webst0{1-4}.is.autonavi.com/appmaptile?style=8&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}",
/*** * 天地圖 要key的 * vec——街道底圖 * img——影像底圖 * ter——地形底圖 * cva——中文注記 * cta/cia——道路+中文注記 ---roadLabel */
"tian-img": "http://t{0-7}.tianditu.gov.cn/DataServer?T=img_w&x={x}&y={y}&l={z}&tk=a4ee5c551598a1889adfabff55a5fc27",
"tian-roadLabel": "http://t{0-7}.tianditu.gov.cn/DataServer?T=cta_w&x={x}&y={y}&l={z}&tk=a4ee5c551598a1889adfabff55a5fc27",
"tian-label": "http://t{0-7}.tianditu.gov.cn/DataServer?T=cva_w&x={x}&y={y}&l={z}&tk=a4ee5c551598a1889adfabff55a5fc27",
"tian-vec": "http://t{0-7}.tianditu.gov.cn/DataServer?T=vec_w&x={x}&y={y}&l={z}&tk=a4ee5c551598a1889adfabff55a5fc27",
"tian-ter": "http://t{0-7}.tianditu.gov.cn/DataServer?T=ter_w&x={x}&y={y}&l={z}&tk=a4ee5c551598a1889adfabff55a5fc27",
/*** *geoq地圖 * http://cache1.arcgisonline.cn * http://map.geoq.cn * vec：標准彩色地圖 * gray、blue、warm * line 中國輪廓圖 * china 中國輪廓圖+標注 * Hydro 水系 * green 植被 */
"geoq-vec": "http://cache1.arcgisonline.cn/arcgis/rest/services/ChinaOnlineCommunity/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}",
"geoq-gray": "http://cache1.arcgisonline.cn/arcgis/rest/services/ChinaOnlineStreetGray/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}",
"geoq-blue": "http://cache1.arcgisonline.cn/arcgis/rest/services/ChinaOnlineStreetPurplishBlue/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}",
"geoq-warm": "http://cache1.arcgisonline.cn/arcgis/rest/services/ChinaOnlineStreetWarm/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}",
"geoq-line": "http://cache1.arcgisonline.cn/arcgis/rest/services/SimpleFeature/ChinaBoundaryLine/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}",//不穩定
"geoq-china": "http://thematic.geoq.cn/arcgis/rest/services/ThematicMaps/administrative_division_boundaryandlabel/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}",//不穩定
"geoq-Hydro": "http://thematic.geoq.cn/arcgis/rest/services/ThematicMaps/WorldHydroMap/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}",//不穩定
"geoq-green": "http://thematic.geoq.cn/arcgis/rest/services/ThematicMaps/vegetation/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}",//不穩定
/*** * Google * m 街道 * s 影像 */
"google-vec": "http://www.google.cn/maps/[email protected]&gl=cn&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}",
"google-img": "http://www.google.cn/maps/[email protected]&gl=cn&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}"
};

展示資源

最終效果如下，矩形框內是我們需要獲取的地圖也就是需要爬蟲下載的

四個坐標轉換成四至得到矩形

xsq = "120.22940239501227;30.226915680225147;120.28948387694587;30.146807031535218"
xsqlist = xsq.split(";")
xsq_x_list = []
xsq_y_list = []
for i in range(len(xsqlist)):
if i % 2 == 0:
xsq_x_list.append(float(xsqlist[i]))
else:
xsq_y_list.append(float(xsqlist[i]))
xsq_x_y_list = []
for x, y in zip(xsq_x_list, xsq_y_list):
xsq_x_y_list.append([float(x), float(y)])
MINX = min(xsq_x_list)
MAXX = max(xsq_x_list)
MINY = min(xsq_y_list)
MAXY = max(xsq_y_list)
print([MINX, MINY])
print([MINX, MAXY])
print([MAXX, MAXY])
print([MAXX, MINY])
print([MINX, MINY])

地圖顯示

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>高德地圖+ol</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/openlayers/4.6.5/ol.css" integrity="sha256-rQq4Fxpq3LlPQ8yP11i6Z2lAo82b6ACDgd35CKyNEBw=" crossorigin="anonymous"/>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/openlayers/4.6.5/ol.js" integrity="sha256-77IKwU93jwIX7zmgEBfYGHcmeO0Fx2MoWB/ooh9QkBA=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<style> #map {
 width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute; } </style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="map"></div>
<script type="text/javascript"> var gaodeMapLayer = new ol.layer.Tile({
 title: "titile", source: new ol.source.XYZ({
 url: mapUrl["tian-vec"] }) }); var fa = new ol.layer.Vector({
 source: new ol.source.Vector({
 features: [new ol.Feature({
 geometry: new ol.geom.Polygon( [[ [120.22940239501227, 30.146807031535218], [120.22940239501227, 30.226915680225147], [120.28948387694587, 30.226915680225147], [120.28948387694587, 30.146807031535218], [120.22940239501227, 30.146807031535218], ]] ), name: 'pg' })] }), }); var map = new ol.Map({
 layers: [gaodeMapLayer, fa], view: new ol.View({
 center: [120, 30], projection: 'EPSG:4326', zoom: 10 }), target: 'map' }); // 點選地圖用 map.on('singleclick', function (e) {
 console.log(map.getEventCoordinate(e.originalEvent)); }) </script>
</body>
</html>

爬蟲開始

介紹XYZ 的規則
有興趣可以查看這篇博客：openlayers-自定義瓦片

根據圖中描述，所需要素為 x ，y ，z 三者，在資源路由中不難看出 xyz 都是作為未知數

{
"tian-vec": "http://t{0-7}.tianditu.gov.cn/DataServer?T=vec_w&x={x}&y={y}&l={z}&tk=a4ee5c551598a1889adfabff55a5fc27"}

浏覽器調試

觀察下圖，我們可以發現右側小圖片中的那塊內容在左側出現

獲取地址

使用同樣的方式獲取右下角地址

左上角地址 http://t3.tianditu.gov.cn/DataServer?T=vec_w&x=27326&y=13492&l=15&tk=a4ee5c551598a1889adfabff55a5fc27
右下角地址 http://t4.tianditu.gov.cn/DataServer?T=vec_w&x=27333&y=13507&l=15&tk=a4ee5c551598a1889adfabff55a5fc27

地址如何使用？

不變的是z 在天地圖url中是l ,本文示例l=15
在地址中x y 存在關系： x 向右增加，y向下增加
本文x范圍 [ 27326,27333 ]
本文y范圍[ 13492, 13507 ]

到目前所有參數准備就緒

tips: 天地圖的key 需要自己注冊，本文已經提供了

代碼怎麼寫？

單個圖片下載

http://t3.tianditu.gov.cn/DataServer?T=vec_w&x=27326&y=13492&l=15&tk=a4ee5c551598a1889adfabff55a5fc27 以此為例

import requests
import os
# 文件存放位置設置
BASE_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.curdir), 'disc')
print(BASE_PATH)
# 簡單反爬蟲 , 可以不寫
headers = {

"Connection": "keep-alive",
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.86 Safari/537.36",
}
# 單個圖片的參數
x = 27326
y = 13492
z = 15
key = 'a4ee5c551598a1889adfabff55a5fc27'
# 完整url
url = "http://t3.tianditu.gov.cn/DataServer?T=vec_w&x={}&y={}&l={}&tk={}".format(x, y, z, key)
# 保存文件名稱
fileName = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, "x={}y={}z={}.png".format(x, y, z))
# 具體下載操作
if (os.path.exists(fileName)) == False:
r = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)
if r.status_code == 200:
with open(fileName, 'wb') as f:
for chunk in r:
f.write(chunk)

下載成功

多圖下載

import requests
import os
# 文件存放位置設置
BASE_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.curdir), 'disc')
BASE_PATH_res = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.curdir), 'result')
# 簡單反爬蟲 , 可以不寫
headers = {

"Connection": "keep-alive",
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.86 Safari/537.36",
}
def download_pic(x, y, z):
try:
# 下載圖片
key = 'a4ee5c551598a1889adfabff55a5fc27'
for xi in x:
for yi in y:
url = "http://t3.tianditu.gov.cn/DataServer?T=vec_w&x={}&y={}&l={}&tk={}".format(xi, yi, z, key)
# 保存文件名稱
fileName = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, "x={}y={}z={}.png".format(xi, yi, z))
# 具體下載操作
if (os.path.exists(fileName)) == False:
r = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)
if r.status_code == 200:
with open(fileName, 'wb') as f:
for chunk in r:
f.write(chunk)
else:
print("訪問異常")
except Exception as e:
print(e)
pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
x = range(27326 - 1, 27326 + 2)
y = range(13492 - 1, 13492 + 2)
z = 15
picSize = 256
download_pic(x, y, z)

至此我們將一部分圖片下載完成

拼圖

在上面多圖下載結果中我們看到了很多一張張的圖片和我們在地圖上看到的不太一樣，地圖上的是一整張的，所以我們需要將這個圖拼起來構造一張完整的圖，如下圖

我們將圖想象成下圖的形式，只需要知道每一個格子裡面填寫什麼（圖片名稱）

def merge_pic(x, y, z):
picSize = 256
try:
# 構造平圖矩陣
li = []
for xi in x:
lis = []
for yi in y:
fileName = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, "x={}y={}z={}.png".format(xi, yi, z))
lis.append(fileName)
li.append(lis)
oca = len(x)
ocb = len(y)
toImage = Image.new('RGBA', (oca * picSize, ocb * picSize))
for i in range(oca):
for j in range(ocb):
fromImge = Image.open(li[i][j])
picx = 256 * i
picy = 256 * j
loc = (picx, picy)
toImage.paste(fromImge, loc)
toImage.save(os.path.join(BASE_PATH_res, "rs.png"))
print("構造完成輸出圖片")
except Exception as e:
print(e)
pass

完整demo

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import requests
from PIL import Image
import os
# 文件存放位置設置
BASE_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.curdir), 'disc')
BASE_PATH_res = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.curdir), 'result')
# 簡單反爬蟲 , 可以不寫
headers = {

"Connection": "keep-alive",
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.86 Safari/537.36",
}
def download_pic(x, y, z):
try:
# 下載圖片
key = 'a4ee5c551598a1889adfabff55a5fc27'
for xi in x:
for yi in y:
url = "http://t3.tianditu.gov.cn/DataServer?T=vec_w&x={}&y={}&l={}&tk={}".format(xi, yi, z, key)
# 保存文件名稱
fileName = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, "x={}y={}z={}.png".format(xi, yi, z))
# 具體下載操作
if (os.path.exists(fileName)) == False:
r = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)
if r.status_code == 200:
with open(fileName, 'wb') as f:
for chunk in r:
f.write(chunk)
else:
print("訪問異常")
except Exception as e:
print(e)
pass
def merge_pic(x, y, z):
picSize = 256
try:
# 構造平圖矩陣
li = []
for xi in x:
lis = []
for yi in y:
fileName = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, "x={}y={}z={}.png".format(xi, yi, z))
lis.append(fileName)
li.append(lis)
oca = len(x)
ocb = len(y)
toImage = Image.new('RGBA', (oca * picSize, ocb * picSize))
for i in range(oca):
for j in range(ocb):
fromImge = Image.open(li[i][j])
picx = 256 * i
picy = 256 * j
loc = (picx, picy)
toImage.paste(fromImge, loc)
toImage.save(os.path.join(BASE_PATH_res, "rs.png"))
print("構造完成輸出圖片")
except Exception as e:
print(e)
pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
x = range(27326 - 1, 27326 + 2)
y = range(13492 - 1, 13492 + 2)
z = 15
download_pic(x, y, z)
merge_pic(x, y, z)