The main structure of this paper
The first part ：UnitTest brief introduction
The second part ： Introduction to basic concepts
The third part ： Each concept is explained in detail
The fourth part ： Program operation
The fifth part ： Output of test report
UnitTest yes Python Built in test framework , It is mainly applicable to unit testing , And manage and encapsulate multiple test cases .
（ One ） The test case -testcase
Test cases are the bottom layer of the test framework （ similar , Brick is the most basic thing in a house ）
The design of each use case , Just like functional use cases , Try to include multiple test points
（ Two ） Test firmware -testfixture
Test firmware = Fixed test code （ namely ： Test the same parts of the code ）
eg： Test an interface , The interface address can be accessed through setup() To initialize , Then each test case can directly call the initialized interface address
For example, through teardown() To finish the test .
（ 3、 ... and ） test suite -testsuit
The test suite brings together multiple test cases , It can be understood as A collection of test cases .
（ Four ） Test runner -testrunner
Test runner yes To provide a running environment for test cases , Through it run() Method to execute the test case , And output the test results after execution .
Import Unittest modular ;
Define a test class （ Inherit unittest.TestCase Base class ）, A test case is encapsulated in a function
A test class can contain multiple test cases .
Put duplicate code together ,
What it does ： Reduce redundant code ; It is convenient for later code maintenance
For example, the login check above , In every use case url,
We can go through setup() take url To initialize 
r = requests.post(self.url, json=form)
message = r.json()["message"]
self.assertEqual(message, " success ！")
setUp A function is a function of a test case Common part , Like a global variable , For other functions to call , Other functions need not be defined repeatedly , Directly through variable self.url call .
The test suite is mainly used to add test cases , How to add use cases , This article mainly introduces three kinds of ：
1. adopt TestSuite() Add use cases
def suite():
""" Definition suit（） function , Used to return the created test suite instance :return: """
# call TestSuite() Function to generate a test suite instance
suite = unittest.TestSuite()
# Use addTest Method to add a single test case
suite.addTest(testSet0Setup("test_set0_0"))
# Use addTests Method to add multiple test cases
suite.addTests([testSet0Setup("test_set0_1"),testSet0Setup("test_set0_2"),testSet0Setup("test_set0_3")])
return suite
Run code
if __name__ =="__main__":
# Build a runner object
runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
#run() call suite() Test case construction
runner.run(suite())
adopt addTest Add use cases , It is suitable for less test cases , If there are more use cases , Other ways can be considered .
2. adopt makeSuite() Add use cases
def suite():
#makeSuite() It can directly indicate that there is a class below , Case name has been test The first test case is added to the test suite
suite =unittest.makeSuite(testSet0Setup,"test")
return suite
makeSuite(testSet0Setup,“test”) take testSet0Setup In the “test” The first test case is added to the test suite
obviously ： One line of code can add all the required use cases
however ： inflexible , Only all... Can be added
Test cases can be extracted from multiple files , And then through TestSuite(suite0,suite1) Combine multiple suites into one test suite instance
def suite():
suite0 =unittest.makeSuite(testSet0Setup,"test")
suite1 = unittest.makeSuite(testSet0, "test")
suite = unittest.TestSuite(suite0,suite1)
return suite
3. adopt defaultTestLoader.discover() Add test coverage
Mode one ：
runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
#run() call suite() Test case construction
runner.run(suite())
Mode two ： You can also encapsulate all operations into one main（）, function unittest.main() that will do 
unittest The test framework is python Built in framework , But there is no test report output , You need to download and import a third-party module HTMLTestRunner, With HTML Store test results in the form , And will be saved in the form of a report .
HTMLTestRunner Extension module failed to pass pip Installation , The download address is as follows ：
http://tungwaiyip.info/software/HTMLTestRunner.html
take py Files in python Installed directory ilb Under the folder , Because it's based on python2 Development , For compatibility python3 grammar , The file needs to be modified as follows ：
I use HTMLTestRunner The file link is as follows
link : https://pan.baidu.com/s/1vHjiHqaqJkeUWKMl6mwy1g Extraction code : mqen
if __name__ == "__main__":
filepath = "./htmlreport.html"
fp = open(filepath,"wb")
suite = unittest.TestSuite()
suite.addTest(TestAssert("testAssertIn"))
runner = HTMLTestRunner(stream= fp,title= " Test report ",description=" Looking forward to success ")
runner.run(suite)
fp.close()
Run the file to generate the following report ：
When generating the test report section , When the test report cannot be generated , For specific solutions, please refer to the following articles ：
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44801116/article/details/125444133?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501
