This article will mainly explain selenium Some advanced ways of locating elements in , In addition, there is a portal for a series of articles below , It's still being updated , Interested partners can also go to check , Don't talk much , Let's have a look ~
Series articles ：
Series articles 1：【Python automated testing 1】 meet Python The beauty of the
Series articles 2：【Python automated testing 2】Python Installation configuration and PyCharm Basic use
Series articles 3：【Python automated testing 3】 First knowledge of data types and basic syntax
Series articles 4：【Python automated testing 4】 Summary of string knowledge
Series articles 5：【Python automated testing 5】 List and tuple knowledge summary
Series articles 6：【Python automated testing 6】 Dictionary and collective knowledge summary
Series articles 7：【Python automated testing 7】 Data operator knowledge collection
Series articles 8：【Python automated testing 8】 Explanation of process control statement
Series articles 9：【Python automated testing 9】 Function knowledge collection
Series articles 10：【Python automated testing 10】 File basic operation
Series articles 11：【Python automated testing 11】 modular 、 Package and path knowledge collection
Series articles 12：【Python automated testing 12】 Knowledge collection of exception handling mechanism
Series articles 13：【Python automated testing 13】 class 、 object 、 Collection of attribute and method knowledge
Series articles 14：【Python automated testing 14】Python Basic and advanced exercises of automatic test
Series articles 15：【Python automated testing 15】unittest The core concept and function of test framework
Series articles 16：【Python automated testing 16】 Test case data separation
Series articles 17：【Python automated testing 17】openpyxl Secondary packaging and data driven
Series articles 18：【Python automated testing 18】 Configuration file analysis and practical application
Series articles 19：【Python automated testing 19】 Log system logging Explain
Series articles 20：【Python automated testing 20】 Construction of interface automation test framework model
Series articles 21：【Python automated testing 21】 Interface automation test practice 1 _ Interface concept 、 Project introduction and test process Q & A
Series articles 22：【Python automated testing 22】 Interface automation test practice II _ Interface framework modification and use case optimization
Series articles 23：【Python automated testing 23】 Interface automation test practice III _ Dynamic parameterization and data forgery
Series articles 24：【Python automated testing 24】 Interface automation test practice IV _Python Operating the database
Series articles 25：【Python automated testing 25】 Interface automation test practice 5 _ Database assertion 、 Interface Association and related management optimization
Series articles 26：【Python automated testing 26】 Interface automation test practice 6 _pytest frame +allure Explain
Series articles 27：【Python automated testing 27】Web Automated testing theory 、 Environment construction and common operations
Series articles 28：【Python automated testing 28】html Basic grammar
In the official entry Xpath Before the explanation of element positioning , You need to understand the three basic principles of element positioning ：
""" Three principles of element positioning ： 1、 No matter how you find elements , Make sure your element is unique and non dynamic 2、 If you find two or more elements through elements ： （1） Suo Yin （2） Using composite conditions name and class_name and xxx 3、 No matter how you find elements , If you find that the element is a dynamic element , Do not use this element （1） Elements containing numbers , It's probably a dynamic element , p1、table2、li_3 （2） The attribute value includes a string similar to token String """
Xpath That is to say XML Path to the language （XML Path Language）, It's a way to determine XML The language of a part of a document , Can be used in html Use
Xpath You can copy directly in the browser , Take Google text search input box as an example ：
""" copy result ： Xpath -> Relative paths //*[@id="input"] "full Xpath" -> Absolute path /html/body/ntp-app//div/ntp-realbox//div/input """
The browser supports copying Xpath Why do we need to learn , The reason is simple , Can't support 100% Application scenarios of , Use replicated in some scenarios Xpath It will fail , Cannot navigate to element , The best way is to write by yourself , While ensuring accuracy , Can shrink Xpath The length of the sentence .
F12 Use the shortcut key in the state of ctrl+f, A search box appears below , You can enter... In the search box Xpath sentence ：
As shown in the figure above , If we want to pass Xpath To locate the text input box , So the sentence is ：//input[@id="input"] , Let's simply parse ：
""" //input[@id="input"] // -> Represents the absolute path input -> Represents finding a input label [@id="input"] -> Find the property id, The value is input The combination is ： Find by absolute path input The attribute under the tag is id, The value is input The elements of """
By the way , If you can use relative paths, try not to use absolute paths ：
""" Why use relative paths ： 1、 The relative path is more concise , Aesthetics is higher than absolute path , And handwriting is convenient 2、 After the front-end personnel modified the data , The relative path may not need to be modified , But the absolute path 99.9% It needs to be modified """
Take Baidu interface as an example , If we want to locate the text input box, we can use ：//input[@name="wd"], Because at the front end name Very common , Suppose there are multiple in this page name Attribute element , So at present, we can't accurately find the elements we want , You can pass and To make conditional combinations , for example ：//input[@name="wd" and @class="s_ipt" and @id="kw"]
If your project happens to have many and After that, there are still repeated factors , Then you can locate through the parent class ：//span//input[@name="wd" and @class="s_ipt" and @id="kw"]
in addition to , You can also add combination conditions ：//span[@name=" "]/input[@name=' ']
If you're not sure about its label , But know its properties , Then you can use * Number wildcard to query ：//*[@name="wd"]
If you find that there are few properties in the source code that can be used to locate , You can also find the parent tag of the parent by using the child attribute , Two dots represent a return to the previous level ：//*[@name="wd"]/..
If there is a drop-down list , To navigate to the element in the list , Then you can use the index to locate , What needs to be noted here is The index is from 1 At the beginning (//a[@class="btn btn-sm btn-primary"])[1]
We can also locate by text , If a web page, such as Baidu interface , There's news 、 Live broadcast and other text words , have access to text()：//div[@id="s-top-left"]/a[text()=" video "]
Sometimes the text is long , There may be multiple spaces , Then maybe these factors can not be successfully positioned , Then, when the text is long, you can directly use the inclusion method to locate , It can also be used when the attributes are complex contains()：//div[@id="s-top-left"]/a[contains(text()," video ")]//div[@id="s-top-left"]/a[contains(@class,"s_ipt")]
Axis operation is also used when elements are inconvenient to locate , Specific grammar and Xpath similar , A little different , The axis operation is relative to Xpath Father to son , Basically a complete victory , It can be said that there are no elements that cannot be found by axis operation , If there is , That must be my ignorance , Let's look at the basic example ：
//input[@name="wd"]//parent::span, intend ： adopt name Properties and wd Elements , Search the parent directory for span label , Similar to that ：
//input[@name="wd"]//ancestor::form
Direct grammar ：//input[@name="wd"]//preceding-sibling::span
Direct grammar ：//input[@name="wd"]//following-sibling::span
as time goes on , People prefer to use Xpath Positioning , In case of difficult positioning , You can also choose to use axis operation for positioning , but CSS Selector also has certain positioning advantages , Although it can be used in most cases Xpath And the axis operation is completed , but CSS The way of selectors also needs to be understood , The basic syntax is as follows ：
（1）#kw – representative ：id=kw
（2）.s_ipt – representative ：class=s_ipt
（3）[id=kw]
（4）[class="s_ipt"]
All right. ~ The above is all the content shared in this article , Have you learned ？ I hope I can help you ！
