Spring對Java配置的支持是由@Configuration注解和@Bean注解來實現的。由@Bean注解的方法將會實例化、配置和初始化一個新對象，這個對象將由Spring的IoC容器來管理。@Bean聲明所起到的作用與<bean/> 元素類似。被@Configuration所注解的類則表示這個類的主要目的是作為bean定義的資源。被@Configuration聲明的類可以通過在同一個類的內部調用@bean方法來設置嵌入bean的依賴關系。
最簡單的@Configuration 聲明類請參考下面的代碼：
@Configuration
public class AppConfig
{
@Bean
public MyService myService() {
return new MyServiceImpl();
}
}
對於上面的@Beans配置文件相同的XML配置文件如下：
<beans>
<bean id="myService" class="com.howtodoinjava.services.MyServiceImpl"/>
</beans>
上述配置方式的實例化方式如下：利用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext 類進行實例化
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);
MyService myService = ctx.getBean(MyService.class);
myService.doStuff();
}
要使用組件組建掃描，僅需用@Configuration進行注解即可：
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.howtodoinjava")
public class AppConfig {
...
}
在上面的例子中，com.acme包首先會被掃到，然後再容器內查找被@Component 聲明的類，找到後將這些類按照Sring bean定義進行注冊。
如果你要在你的web應用開發中選用上述的配置的方式的話，需要用AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext 類來讀取配置文件，可以用來配置Spring的Servlet監聽器ContrextLoaderListener或者Spring MVC的DispatcherServlet。
<web-app>
<!-- Configure ContextLoaderListener to use AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
instead of the default XmlWebApplicationContext -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextClass</param-name>
<param-value>
org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- Configuration locations must consist of one or more comma- or space-delimited
fully-qualified @Configuration classes. Fully-qualified packages may also be
specified for component-scanning -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>com.howtodoinjava.AppConfig</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- Bootstrap the root application context as usual using ContextLoaderListener -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- Declare a Spring MVC DispatcherServlet as usual -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- Configure DispatcherServlet to use AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
instead of the default XmlWebApplicationContext -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextClass</param-name>
<param-value>
org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- Again, config locations must consist of one or more comma- or space-delimited
and fully-qualified @Configuration classes -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>com.howtodoinjava.web.MvcConfig</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<!-- map all requests for /app/* to the dispatcher servlet -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/app/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
