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 程式師世界 >> 編程語言 >> JAVA編程 >> 關於JAVA >> spring 3.0應用 - springmvc構造RESTful URL詳細講解

spring 3.0應用 - springmvc構造RESTful URL詳細講解

編輯:關於JAVA

由於下一版本的rapid-framwork需要集成spring RESTful URL,所以研究了一下怎麼搭建.並碰到了一下問題。

springmvc 3.0 中增加 RESTful URL功能,構造出類似javaeye現在的URL。 rest介紹

比如如下URL

Java代碼

/blog/1 HTTP GET =>  得到id = 1的blog
/blog/1 HTTP DELETE => 刪除 id = 1的blog
/blog/1 HTTP PUT =>  更新id = 1的blog
/blog   HTTP POST =>  新增BLOG

以下詳細解一下spring rest使用.

首先,我們帶著如下兩個問題查看本文。

1.如何在java構造沒有擴展名的RESTful url,如 /forms/1,而不是 /forms/1.do

2.浏覽器的form標簽不支持提交delete,put請求,如何曲線解決

springmvc rest 實現

springmvc的resturl是通過@RequestMapping 及@PathVariable annotation提供的,通過如@RequestMapping(value="/blog /{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)即可處理/blog/1 的delete請求.

Java代碼

@RequestMapping(value="/blog/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public ModelAndView delete(@PathVariable Long id,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {
  blogManager.removeById(id);
  return new ModelAndView(LIST_ACTION);
}

@RequestMapping @PathVariable如果URL中帶參數,則配合使用,如

Java代碼

@RequestMapping(value="/blog/{blogId}/message/{msgId}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public ModelAndView delete(@PathVariable("blogId") Long blogId,@PathVariable("msgId") Long msgId,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {
}

spring rest配置指南

1.springmvc web.xml配置

Xml代碼

<!-- 該servlet為tomcat,jetty等容器提供,將靜態資源映射從/改為/static/目錄,如原來訪問 http://localhost/foo.css ,現在http://localhost/static/foo.css -->
  <servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/static/*</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>

  <!-- URL重寫filter,用於將訪問靜態資源http://localhost/foo.css 轉為http://localhost/static/foo.css -->
  <filter>
  <filter-name>UrlRewriteFilter</filter-name>
  <filter-class>org.tuckey.web.filters.urlrewrite.UrlRewriteFilter</filter-class>
  <init-param>
     <param-name>confReloadCheckInterval</param-name>
     <param-value>60</param-value>
    </init-param>
  <init-param>
        <param-name>logLevel</param-name>
        <param-value>DEBUG</param-value>
      </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
  <filter-name>UrlRewriteFilter</filter-name>
  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

  <!-- 覆蓋default servlet的/, springmvc servlet將處理原來處理靜態資源的映射 -->
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <!-- 浏覽器不支持put,delete等method,由該filter將/blog?_method=delete轉換為標准的http delete方法 -->
  <filter>
  <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
  <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>

  <filter-mapping>
  <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
  <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
  </filter-mapping>

2.webapp/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml配置,使用如下兩個class激活@RequestMapping annotation

Java代碼

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"/>
   <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"/>

完整配置

Java代碼

<beans default-autowire="byName"  >

  <!-- 自動搜索@Controller標注的類 -->
  <context:component-scan base-package="com.**.controller"/>

   <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"/>

   <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"/>

   <!-- Default ViewResolver -->
   <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
     <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
     <property name="prefix" value="/pages"/>
     <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
   </bean>

   <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource" p:basename="i18n/messages"/>

   <!-- Mapping exception to the handler view -->
   <bean id="exceptionResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
    <!-- to /commons/error.jsp -->
     <property name="defaultErrorView" value="/commons/error"/>
     <property name="exceptionMappings">
       <props>
       </props>
     </property>
   </bean>

</beans>

3.Controller編寫

Java代碼

/**
  * @RequestMapping("/userinfo") 具有層次關系,方法級的將在類一級@RequestMapping之一,
  * 如下面示例, 訪問方法級別的@RequestMapping("/new"),則URL為 /userinfo/new
  */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/userinfo")
public class UserInfoController extends BaseSpringController{
  //默認多列排序,example: username desc,createTime asc
  protected static final String DEFAULT_SORT_COLUMNS = null;

  private UserInfoManager userInfoManager;

  private final String LIST_ACTION = "redirect:/userinfo";

  /**
  * 通過spring自動注入
  **/
  public void setUserInfoManager(UserInfoManager manager) {
  this.userInfoManager = manager;
  }

  /** 列表 */
  @RequestMapping
  public ModelAndView index(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,UserInfo userInfo) {
  PageRequest<Map> pageRequest = newPageRequest(request,DEFAULT_SORT_COLUMNS);
  //pageRequest.getFilters(); //add custom filters 

  Page page = this.userInfoManager.findByPageRequest(pageRequest);
  savePage(page,pageRequest,request);
  return new ModelAndView("/userinfo/list","userInfo",userInfo);
  }

  /** 進入新增 */
  @RequestMapping(value="/new")
  public ModelAndView _new(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,UserInfo userInfo) throws Exception {
  return new ModelAndView("/userinfo/new","userInfo",userInfo);
  }

  /** 顯示 */
  @RequestMapping(value="/{id}")
  public ModelAndView show(@PathVariable Long id,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
  UserInfo userInfo = (UserInfo)userInfoManager.getById(id);
  return new ModelAndView("/userinfo/show","userInfo",userInfo);
  }

  /** 編輯 */
  @RequestMapping(value="/{id}/edit")
  public ModelAndView edit(@PathVariable Long id,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
  UserInfo userInfo = (UserInfo)userInfoManager.getById(id);
  return new ModelAndView("/userinfo/edit","userInfo",userInfo);
  }

  /** 保存新增 */
  @RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.POST)
  public ModelAndView create(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,UserInfo userInfo) throws Exception {
  userInfoManager.save(userInfo);
  return new ModelAndView(LIST_ACTION);
  }

  /** 保存更新 */
  @RequestMapping(value="/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)
  public ModelAndView update(@PathVariable Long id,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
  UserInfo userInfo = (UserInfo)userInfoManager.getById(id);
  bind(request,userInfo);
  userInfoManager.update(userInfo);
  return new ModelAndView(LIST_ACTION);
  }

  /** 刪除 */
  @RequestMapping(value="/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
  public ModelAndView delete(@PathVariable Long id,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {
  userInfoManager.removeById(id);
  return new ModelAndView(LIST_ACTION);
  }

  /** 批量刪除 */
  @RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
  public ModelAndView batchDelete(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {
  String[] items = request.getParameterValues("items");
  for(int i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
   java.lang.Long id = new java.lang.Long(items[i]);
   userInfoManager.removeById(id);
  }
  return new ModelAndView(LIST_ACTION);
  }

}

上面是rapid-framework 新版本生成器生成的代碼,以後也將應用此規則,rest url中增刪改查等基本方法與Controller的方法映射規則

Java代碼

/userinfo  => index()
  /userinfo/new => _new()
  /userinfo/{id} => show()
  /userinfo/{id}/edit  => edit()
  /userinfo POST => create()
  /userinfo/{id} PUT => update()
  /userinfo/{id} DELETE => delete()
  /userinfo DELETE => batchDelete()

注(不使用 /userinfo/add  => add() 方法是由於add這個方法會被maxthon浏覽器當做廣告鏈接過濾掉,因為包含ad字符)

4.jsp 編寫

Html代碼

<form:form action="${ctx}/userinfo/${userInfo.userId}" method="put">
</form:form>

生成的html內容如下, 生成一個hidden的_method=put,並於web.xml中的HiddenHttpMethodFilter配合使用,在服務端將post請求改為put請求

Java代碼

<form id="userInfo" action="/springmvc_rest_demo/userinfo/2" method="post">
  <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put"/>
</form>

另外一種方法是你可以使用ajax發送put,delete請求.

5.靜態資源的URL重寫

如上我們描述,現因為將default servlet映射至/static/的子目錄,現我們訪問靜態資源將會帶一個/static/前綴.

如 /foo.gif, 現在訪問該文件將是 /static/foo.gif.

那如何避免這個前綴呢,那就是應用URL rewrite,現我們使用 http://tuckey.org/urlrewrite/, 重寫規則如下

Xml代碼

<urlrewrite>
   <!-- 訪問jsp及jspx將不rewrite url,其它.js,.css,.gif等將重寫,如 /foo.gif => /static/foo.gif -->
   <rule>
    <condition operator="notequal" next="and" type="request-uri">.*.jsp</condition>
    <condition operator="notequal" next="and" type="request-uri">.*.jspx</condition>
     <from>^(/.*\..*)$</from>
     <to>/static$1</to>
   </rule>
</urlrewrite>

另筆者專門寫了一個 RestUrlRewriteFilter來做同樣的事件,以後會隨著rapid-framework一起發布.比這個更加輕量級.

並且該代碼已經貢獻給spring,不知會不會在下一版本發布

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