Java、JavaScript、Oracle、MySQL中實現的MD5加密算法分享

MD5,全稱為 Message Digest Algorithm 5(消息摘要算法第五版).詳情請參考 維基百科:MD5

MD5加密後是一個字節數組, 但我們一般是取其十六進制的字符串表示法,當然,十六進制數字符串是區分大小寫,在 mysql數據庫,Java,和JavaScript語言中,一般是使用小寫的字符串來表示, 而在 Oracle數據庫官方提供的包中,返回的是大寫字符串,這算是一個坑,如果你想要執行多次 md5,可能需要轉換為小寫.

相關的代碼如下:

1. Java版MD5

MD5Util.java

package com.cncounter.util.common;

import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;

/**
 * Java消息摘要算法 MD5 工具類,其實其他摘要算法的實現也類似
 */
public class MD5Util {
  /**
   * 對文本執行 md5 摘要加密, 此算法與 mysql,JavaScript生成的md5摘要進行過一致性對比.
   * @param plainText
   * @return 返回值中的字母為小寫
   */
  public static String md5(String plainText) {
    if (null == plainText) {
      plainText = "";
    }
    String MD5Str = "";
    try {
      // JDK 6 支持以下6種消息摘要算法，不區分大小寫
      // md5,sha(sha-1),md2,sha-256,sha-384,sha-512
      MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
      md.update(plainText.getBytes());
      byte b[] = md.digest();

      int i;

      StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(32);
      for (int offset = 0; offset < b.length; offset++) {
        i = b[offset];
        if (i < 0)
          i += 256;
        if (i < 16)
          builder.append("0");
        builder.append(Integer.toHexString(i));
      }
      MD5Str = builder.toString();
      // LogUtil.println("result: " + buf.toString());// 32位的加密
    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return MD5Str;
  }
  // 一個簡版測試
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    String m1 = md5("1");
    String m2 = md5(m1);
    /* 輸出為
     * m1=c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b
     * m2=28c8edde3d61a0411511d3b1866f0636
     */
    System.out.println("m1="+m1);
    System.out.println("m2="+m2);
  }
}

2. MySQL版MD5

MySQL直接支持 md5函數調用

select md5('1') as m1, md5(md5('1')) as m2;

執行結果為:

MariaDB [(none)]> select md5('1') as m1, md5(md5('1')) as m2;
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| m1                | m2                |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b | 28c8edde3d61a0411511d3b1866f0636 |
+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3. JavaScript 版MD5函數

md5.js 代碼如下:

/*! JavaScript 的 MD5 實現 */

// 括號表達式, (xxxxx) 是用來將內部的語句、表達式的結果作為一個結果.
// 常見的是將json字符串用 eval 解析時,需要 eval("(" +jsonstr+ ")");
// () 內部定義了一個空間, 裡面定義的變量不會污染到全局空間,很適合做lib
// (function UMD(對象/函數名name, 上下文this, 函數/對象的定義)) 返回一個匿名函數
// 因為第一個括號內 的結果是一個函數,而函數可以這樣調用: (function(形參){})(實參);
// 這種匿名函數被浏覽器解析後會自動執行一次.
(function UMD(name, context, definition) {
 if ( typeof module !== "undefined" && module.exports) {
 // 如果 module 存在,並且module.exports存在,則將賦值結果賦給 它
 // 可以不用管
 module.exports = definition();
 } else if ( typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
 // 如果 define 這個函數存在,應該是另一個基礎類庫，則使用define
 // 可以不用管
 define(definition);
 } else {
 // 簡單一點,可以看成: 調用傳入的definition函數，將返回的對象綁定到全局空間
 // 當然,根據傳入的上下文不同,也可以綁定到其他對象下面,成為一個屬性方法.
 context[name] = definition(name, context);
 }
}
)("md5", this, function DEF(name, context) {"use strict";
 // 上面的 use strict 表示嚴格語法模式,有錯誤就拒絕執行.
 // 而普通的JS,是解釋執行,不執行的地方,有些錯誤也不影響其他代碼的執行
 // 作為類庫,使用嚴格模式是很有必要的.嚴格模式聲明必須放到一個namespace空間的最起始處.

 //
 var old_public_api = (context || {})[name];
 // 最後要返回的對象/函數.
 function md5_func(text) {
 return hex_md5(text);
 };
 // 下面一堆是具體的算法... 可以先不用管
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 //計算MD5
 var hexcase = 0;
 function hex_md5(a) {
 if (a == "")
  return a;
 return rstr2hex(rstr_md5(str2rstr_utf8(a)))
 };
 function hex_hmac_md5(a, b) {
 return rstr2hex(rstr_hmac_md5(str2rstr_utf8(a), str2rstr_utf8(b)))
 };
 function md5_vm_test() {
 return hex_md5("abc").toLowerCase() == "900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72"
 };
 function rstr_md5(a) {
 return binl2rstr(binl_md5(rstr2binl(a), a.length * 8))
 };
 function rstr_hmac_md5(c, f) {
 var e = rstr2binl(c);
 if (e.length > 16) {
  e = binl_md5(e, c.length * 8)
 }
 var a = Array(16), d = Array(16);
 for (var b = 0; b < 16; b++) {
  a[b] = e[b] ^ 909522486;
  d[b] = e[b] ^ 1549556828
 }
 var g = binl_md5(a.concat(rstr2binl(f)), 512 + f.length * 8);
 return binl2rstr(binl_md5(d.concat(g), 512 + 128))
 };
 function rstr2hex(c) {
 try { hexcase
 } catch(g) {
  hexcase = 0
 }
 var f = hexcase ? "0123456789ABCDEF" : "0123456789abcdef";
 var b = "";
 var a;
 for (var d = 0; d < c.length; d++) {
  a = c.charCodeAt(d);
  b += f.charAt((a >>> 4) & 15) + f.charAt(a & 15)
 }
 return b
 };
 function str2rstr_utf8(c) {
 var b = "";
 var d = -1;
 var a, e;
 while (++d < c.length) {
  a = c.charCodeAt(d);
  e = d + 1 < c.length ? c.charCodeAt(d + 1) : 0;
  if (55296 <= a && a <= 56319 && 56320 <= e && e <= 57343) {
  a = 65536 + ((a & 1023) << 10) + (e & 1023);
  d++
  }
  if (a <= 127) {
  b += String.fromCharCode(a)
  } else {
  if (a <= 2047) {
   b += String.fromCharCode(192 | ((a >>> 6) & 31), 128 | (a & 63))
  } else {
   if (a <= 65535) {
   b += String.fromCharCode(224 | ((a >>> 12) & 15), 128 | ((a >>> 6) & 63), 128 | (a & 63))
   } else {
   if (a <= 2097151) {
    b += String.fromCharCode(240 | ((a >>> 18) & 7), 128 | ((a >>> 12) & 63), 128 | ((a >>> 6) & 63), 128 | (a & 63))
   }
   }
  }
  }
 }
 return b
 };
 function rstr2binl(b) {
 var a = Array(b.length >> 2);
 for (var c = 0; c < a.length; c++) {
  a[c] = 0
 }
 for (var c = 0; c < b.length * 8; c += 8) {
  a[c >> 5] |= (b.charCodeAt(c / 8) & 255) << (c % 32)
 }
 return a
 };
 function binl2rstr(b) {
 var a = "";
 for (var c = 0; c < b.length * 32; c += 8) {
  a += String.fromCharCode((b[c >> 5] >>> (c % 32)) & 255)
 }
 return a
 };
 function binl_md5(p, k) {
 p[k >> 5] |= 128 << ((k) % 32);
 p[(((k + 64) >>> 9) << 4) + 14] = k;
 var o = 1732584193;
 var n = -271733879;
 var m = -1732584194;
 var l = 271733878;
 for (var g = 0; g < p.length; g += 16) {
  var j = o;
  var h = n;
  var f = m;
  var e = l;
  o = md5_ff(o, n, m, l, p[g + 0], 7, -680876936);
  l = md5_ff(l, o, n, m, p[g + 1], 12, -389564586);
  m = md5_ff(m, l, o, n, p[g + 2], 17, 606105819);
  n = md5_ff(n, m, l, o, p[g + 3], 22, -1044525330);
  o = md5_ff(o, n, m, l, p[g + 4], 7, -176418897);
  l = md5_ff(l, o, n, m, p[g + 5], 12, 1200080426);
  m = md5_ff(m, l, o, n, p[g + 6], 17, -1473231341);
  n = md5_ff(n, m, l, o, p[g + 7], 22, -45705983);
  o = md5_ff(o, n, m, l, p[g + 8], 7, 1770035416);
  l = md5_ff(l, o, n, m, p[g + 9], 12, -1958414417);
  m = md5_ff(m, l, o, n, p[g + 10], 17, -42063);
  n = md5_ff(n, m, l, o, p[g + 11], 22, -1990404162);
  o = md5_ff(o, n, m, l, p[g + 12], 7, 1804603682);
  l = md5_ff(l, o, n, m, p[g + 13], 12, -40341101);
  m = md5_ff(m, l, o, n, p[g + 14], 17, -1502002290);
  n = md5_ff(n, m, l, o, p[g + 15], 22, 1236535329);
  o = md5_gg(o, n, m, l, p[g + 1], 5, -165796510);
  l = md5_gg(l, o, n, m, p[g + 6], 9, -1069501632);
  m = md5_gg(m, l, o, n, p[g + 11], 14, 643717713);
  n = md5_gg(n, m, l, o, p[g + 0], 20, -373897302);
  o = md5_gg(o, n, m, l, p[g + 5], 5, -701558691);
  l = md5_gg(l, o, n, m, p[g + 10], 9, 38016083);
  m = md5_gg(m, l, o, n, p[g + 15], 14, -660478335);
  n = md5_gg(n, m, l, o, p[g + 4], 20, -405537848);
  o = md5_gg(o, n, m, l, p[g + 9], 5, 568446438);
  l = md5_gg(l, o, n, m, p[g + 14], 9, -1019803690);
  m = md5_gg(m, l, o, n, p[g + 3], 14, -187363961);
  n = md5_gg(n, m, l, o, p[g + 8], 20, 1163531501);
  o = md5_gg(o, n, m, l, p[g + 13], 5, -1444681467);
  l = md5_gg(l, o, n, m, p[g + 2], 9, -51403784);
  m = md5_gg(m, l, o, n, p[g + 7], 14, 1735328473);
  n = md5_gg(n, m, l, o, p[g + 12], 20, -1926607734);
  o = md5_hh(o, n, m, l, p[g + 5], 4, -378558);
  l = md5_hh(l, o, n, m, p[g + 8], 11, -2022574463);
  m = md5_hh(m, l, o, n, p[g + 11], 16, 1839030562);
  n = md5_hh(n, m, l, o, p[g + 14], 23, -35309556);
  o = md5_hh(o, n, m, l, p[g + 1], 4, -1530992060);
  l = md5_hh(l, o, n, m, p[g + 4], 11, 1272893353);
  m = md5_hh(m, l, o, n, p[g + 7], 16, -155497632);
  n = md5_hh(n, m, l, o, p[g + 10], 23, -1094730640);
  o = md5_hh(o, n, m, l, p[g + 13], 4, 681279174);
  l = md5_hh(l, o, n, m, p[g + 0], 11, -358537222);
  m = md5_hh(m, l, o, n, p[g + 3], 16, -722521979);
  n = md5_hh(n, m, l, o, p[g + 6], 23, 76029189);
  o = md5_hh(o, n, m, l, p[g + 9], 4, -640364487);
  l = md5_hh(l, o, n, m, p[g + 12], 11, -421815835);
  m = md5_hh(m, l, o, n, p[g + 15], 16, 530742520);
  n = md5_hh(n, m, l, o, p[g + 2], 23, -995338651);
  o = md5_ii(o, n, m, l, p[g + 0], 6, -198630844);
  l = md5_ii(l, o, n, m, p[g + 7], 10, 1126891415);
  m = md5_ii(m, l, o, n, p[g + 14], 15, -1416354905);
  n = md5_ii(n, m, l, o, p[g + 5], 21, -57434055);
  o = md5_ii(o, n, m, l, p[g + 12], 6, 1700485571);
  l = md5_ii(l, o, n, m, p[g + 3], 10, -1894986606);
  m = md5_ii(m, l, o, n, p[g + 10], 15, -1051523);
  n = md5_ii(n, m, l, o, p[g + 1], 21, -2054922799);
  o = md5_ii(o, n, m, l, p[g + 8], 6, 1873313359);
  l = md5_ii(l, o, n, m, p[g + 15], 10, -30611744);
  m = md5_ii(m, l, o, n, p[g + 6], 15, -1560198380);
  n = md5_ii(n, m, l, o, p[g + 13], 21, 1309151649);
  o = md5_ii(o, n, m, l, p[g + 4], 6, -145523070);
  l = md5_ii(l, o, n, m, p[g + 11], 10, -1120210379);
  m = md5_ii(m, l, o, n, p[g + 2], 15, 718787259);
  n = md5_ii(n, m, l, o, p[g + 9], 21, -343485551);
  o = safe_add(o, j);
  n = safe_add(n, h);
  m = safe_add(m, f);
  l = safe_add(l, e)
 }
 return Array(o, n, m, l)
 };
 function md5_cmn(h, e, d, c, g, f) {
 return safe_add(bit_rol(safe_add(safe_add(e, h), safe_add(c, f)), g), d)
 };
 function md5_ff(g, f, k, j, e, i, h) {
 return md5_cmn((f & k) | ((~f) & j), g, f, e, i, h)
 };
 function md5_gg(g, f, k, j, e, i, h) {
 return md5_cmn((f & j) | (k & (~j)), g, f, e, i, h)
 };
 function md5_hh(g, f, k, j, e, i, h) {
 return md5_cmn(f ^ k ^ j, g, f, e, i, h)
 };
 function md5_ii(g, f, k, j, e, i, h) {
 return md5_cmn(k ^ (f | (~j)), g, f, e, i, h)
 };
 function safe_add(a, d) {
 var c = (a & 65535) + (d & 65535);
 var b = (a >> 16) + (d >> 16) + (c >> 16);
 return (b << 16) | (c & 65535)
 };
 function bit_rol(a, b) {
 return (a << b) | (a >>> (32 - b))
 };

 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 // 避免全局命名空間沖突
 md5_func.noConflict = function publicAPI$noConflict() {
 if (context) {
  // 將那個 name還原回原來的對象
  context[name] = old_public_api;
 }
 // 返回自身,由調用的代碼自己持有,保存,或賦值給某個變量
 return md5_func;
 };

 // 返回的對象,會被綁定到 MD5 之類的名字上,在外部就引用了此對象,
 // 因為閉包特性,可以利用到閉包內部方法和內部對象。 lib一般都是利用這種閉包特性,維護私有的屬性、對象,
 // 對外只暴露一些方法(API),也就是 function, 外面只能調用這些API,方便內部進行邏輯控制,降低依賴.
 return md5_func;
})

測試結果:

md5("1");
"c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b"
md5(md5("1"))
"28c8edde3d61a0411511d3b1866f0636"

4. Oracle 數據庫版MD5

注意: 為了與在其他環境下的MD5方法一致,需要轉換為小寫
需要創建一個存儲函數:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION MD5(passwd IN VARCHAR2) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
 retval varchar2(32);
BEGIN
 retval := Lower(utl_raw.cast_to_raw(
DBMS_OBFUSCATION_TOOLKIT.MD5(INPUT_STRING => passwd))
);
 RETURN retval;
END;

測試結果:

SQL> select MD5('1') as m1, MD5(md5('1')) as m2 from dual
 2 ;

M1
---------------------------------------
M2
---------------------------------------
c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b
28c8edde3d61a0411511d3b1866f0636