c目錄結構：
contents structure [-]
MVC的全稱是Model View Controller，通過實現MVC框架可以很好的數據、視圖、業務邏輯進行分離。Spring MVC也是一種MVC框架，它是SpringFrameWork的後續產品，同樣需要Spring的Jar包才能運行起來。
Spring MVC的設計是圍繞著DispatcherServlet展開的，由DispatcherServlet將請求派發到特定的Controller。
下面是SpringMVC的一個簡單流程圖：
SpringMVC入門示例
我的項目結構：
1，復制Jar包
將Spring的Jar包復制到lib目錄下。
配置Web.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<!--
this name matched project name
-->
<display-name>SpringMVC</display-name>
<!--
transmit to dispacherServlet to deal with information that passed from table servlet-mapping
-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>mySpring</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>mySpring</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.ms</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--
solve messy code
-->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
在工程的WEB-INF下面創建dispatcherServlet配置文件[servlet-name]-servlet.xml。
文件名的格式必需為“[servlet-name]-servlet.xml”，比如筆者的web文件裡servlet-name為mySpring，則文件名必須為mySpring-servlet.xml，如果放錯的位置或是文件名稱格式不對，那麼通過web.xml文件是找不到dispatcherServlet文件的。也可以說，只要在Web.xml裡配置好了DispatcherServlet，那麼該DispatcherServlet的名稱也就唯一確定了，一個web.xml文件可以映射出多個DispatcherServlet文件。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
<!--
configure HandlerMapping
-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>
<!--
configure HandlerAdapter
-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>
<!--
configure controller
-->
<bean name="/testSpring.ms" class="com.my.spring.TestSpring"></bean>
<!--
configure viewResolver
-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass">
<value>org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceView</value>
</property>
<property name="prefix" value="/view/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="utf-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <form action="testSpring.ms"> input your words: <input type="text" name="words"/> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
${myValue}
</body>
</html>
package com.my.spring;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractController;
public class TestSpring extends AbstractController {
@Override
protected ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String value=request.getParameter("words");
//create model
Map<String,String>model=new HashMap<String,String>();
//set value
model.put("myValue", value);
//create modelAndView
ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView("result",model);
return mav;
}
}
這個文件必需要實現AbstrcactController抽象類，或是實現Controller接口。然後重寫handlerRequestInternal方法。這裡一定要選擇servlet下的AbstractController或Controller，如果讀者選擇了portlet，恰好項目下又沒有相應的包，那麼就會報錯。
錯誤代碼：
The superclass "javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet" was not found on the Java Build Path
錯誤解決：
這是因為項目下沒有該類，添加servlet-api.jar即可，詳見Eclipse如何發布Web項目。
錯誤代碼：
Server Tomcat v8.5 Server at localhost failed to start.
錯誤解決：
造成這個錯誤的原因有許多，這裡建議讀者檢查一下自己的Web.xml文件中的語法是否正確。
錯誤代碼：
Multiple markers at this line
- The type javax.portlet.ActionResponse cannot be resolved. It is indirectly
referenced from required .class files
- The type javax.portlet.RenderRequest cannot be resolved. It is indirectly
referenced from required .class files
- The type javax.portlet.RenderResponse cannot be resolved. It is indirectly
referenced from required .class files
- The type javax.portlet.ActionRequest cannot be resolved. It is indirectly
referenced from required .class files
- The type javax.portlet.PortletContext cannot be resolved. It is indirectly referenced
from required .class files
問題解決：
這是因為讀者的項目下面沒有，portlet包導致的，portlet包的下載。
除了引入相應的Portlet包外，這裡讀者也可以將
import org.springframework.web.portlet.ModelAndView; import org.springframework.web.portlet.mvc.AbstractController;
改為：
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractController;
如果報出的錯誤是JSTL標簽的原因，那麼下載一個標簽標准文檔庫即可，下載頁面。
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