一、Shiro是用來做權限的。
二、權限
1.基本概念：
（1）安全實體：要保護的數據。
（2）權限：是否有能力去操作（查看、修改、刪除 ）保護的數據。
2、權限的兩個特性
（1）權限的繼承性：A 包含 B，B無權限，但A有權限，此時B 的權限即為 A 的權限。如大廈裡有公共廁所，進出大廈需要門禁，所以公共廁所的權限就是大廈的門禁權限。
（2）最近路勁匹配：如大廈某層有衛生間，要想到此衛生間需要有該層電梯權限，此時該衛生間的權限為該層電梯的權限，而不是大廈的門禁權限。
3.幾個關鍵詞
（1）認證：驗證用戶身份，即驗證登錄的用戶名密碼是否正確，用戶是否被鎖死。
（2）授權：決定是否有權限訪問受保護的資源。
（3）加密：保護或隱藏受保護的資源。
（4）會話管理
（5）單點登錄（SSO）
三、Shiro
1.核心組件
（1）Subject：當前用戶。
（2）Shiro SecurityManager：Shiro 大管家。
（3）Realm：用於訪問數據庫。
2.Shiro SecurityManager
Shiro 的大管家管理著 Shiro 下的認證、授權、會話管理、緩存管理、以及 Realm 訪問數據庫，貫穿於始終的是加密。
3.用戶、角色、權限
（1）概念：
（2）關系
（3）維系關系
（4）以上所有的這些都歸 Shiro 大管家來管理。
四、一個簡單的官方的例子
1.需要導入的 jar 包。
2.官方demo。
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import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.apache.shiro.util.Factory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* Simple Quickstart application showing how to use Shiro's API.
*
* @since 0.9 RC2
*/
public class Quickstart {
private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class);
public static void main(String[] args) {
// The easiest way to create a Shiro SecurityManager with configured
// realms, users, roles and permissions is to use the simple INI config.
// We'll do that by using a factory that can ingest a .ini file and
// return a SecurityManager instance:
// Use the shiro.ini file at the root of the classpath
// (file: and url: prefixes load from files and urls respectively):
Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();
// for this simple example quickstart, make the SecurityManager
// accessible as a JVM singleton. Most applications wouldn't do this
// and instead rely on their container configuration or web.xml for
// webapps. That is outside the scope of this simple quickstart, so
// we'll just do the bare minimum so you can continue to get a feel
// for things.
SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
// Now that a simple Shiro environment is set up, let's see what you can do:
// get the currently executing user:
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
// Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!)
Session session = currentUser.getSession();
session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
if (value.equals("aValue")) {
log.info("-->Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
}
// let's login the current user so we can check against roles and permissions:
if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
token.setRememberMe(true);
try {
currentUser.login(token);
} catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {
log.info("-->There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
} catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {
log.info("-->Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
} catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked. " +
"Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
}
// ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application?
catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
//unexpected condition? error?
}
}
//say who they are:
//print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
log.info("-->User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");
//test a role:
if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
log.info("-->May the Schwartz be with you!");
} else {
log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
}
//test a typed permission (not instance-level)
if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:weild")) {
log.info("-->You may use a lightsaber ring. Use it wisely.");
} else {
log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
}
//a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:
if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
log.info("-->You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'. " +
"Here are the keys - have fun!");
} else {
log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
}
//all done - log out!
currentUser.logout();
System.exit(0);
}
}
說明：獲取 SecurityManager ，認證，認證失敗的幾種情況，成功登陸後是否擁有某個角色，某個角色是否有某個權限。
[users] root = secret, admin guest = guest, guest presidentskroob = 12345, president darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz [roles] admin = * schwartz = lightsaber:* goodguy = winnebago:drive:eagle5
說明：Shiro.ini 文件，用來維系用戶——角色——權限之間的關系。
3.ini 文件說明
[users]：用戶名=密碼，角色1，角色2
[roles]：角色=權限1，權限2
權限：
（1）用簡單的字符串來表示一個權限。如：user
（2）多層次管理：如：user:query,user:edit,user:query,edit。第一部分為操作的領域，第二部分為執行的操作。可以使用通配符：user:*,*:query
（3）實例級權限：域：操作：實例
如：user:edit:manager 只能對 user 中的 manager 進行 edit。
通配符：user:edit:*、user:*:*、user:*:manager
等價：user:edit==user:edit:*、user == user:*:* 只能從字符串結尾處省略。
（4）可對比官方例子學習。
五、總結：
介紹了權限的基礎，介紹了 Shiro 的 HelloWorld，要明白其中重要的部分，如：認證、授權，以及Shiro 是如何來做這兩件事情的。介紹官方demo 的 ini 配置方式，只是想更加深刻的去理解
Shiro 的管理器，認證，授權，角色，權限等等這些概念。
