很久之前參加過一次面試,記得當時面試官問過我一個很基礎的代碼題:實現string類的四大基本函數!
一個C++類一般至少有四大函數,即構造函數、拷貝構造函數、析構函數和賦值函數,一般系統都會默認。但是往往系統默認的並不是我們所期望的,為此我們就有必要自己創造他們。在創造之前必須了解他們的作用和意義,做到有的放矢才能寫出有效的函數。
1 #include <iostream>
2
3 class CString
4 {
5 friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream &, CString &);
6 public:
7 // 無參數的構造函數
8 CString();
9 // 帶參數的構造函數
10 CString(char *pStr);
11 // 拷貝構造函數
12 CString(const CString &sStr);
13 // 析構函數
14 ~CString();
15 // 賦值運算符重載
16 CString & operator=(const CString & sStr);
17
18 private:
19 char *m_pContent;
20
21 };
22
23 inline CString::CString()
24 {
25 printf("NULL\n");
26 m_pContent = NULL;
27 m_pContent = new char[1];
28 m_pContent[0] = '\0';
29 }
30
31 inline CString::CString(char *pStr)
32 {
33 printf("use value Contru\n");
34 m_pContent = new char[strlen(pStr) + 1];
35 strcpy(m_pContent, pStr);
36 }
37
38 inline CString::CString(const CString &sStr)
39 {
40 printf("use copy Contru\n");
41 if(sStr.m_pContent == NULL)
42 m_pContent == NULL;
43 else
44 {
45 m_pContent = new char[strlen(sStr.m_pContent) + 1];
46 strcpy(m_pContent, sStr.m_pContent);
47 }
48 }
49
50 inline CString::~CString()
51 {
52 printf("use ~ \n");
53 if(m_pContent != NULL)
54 delete [] m_pContent;
55 }
56
57 inline CString & CString::operator = (const CString &sStr)
58 {
59 printf("use operator = \n");
60 if(this == &sStr)
61 return *this;
62 // 順序很重要,為了防止內存申請失敗後,m_pContent為NULL
63 char *pTempStr = new char[strlen(sStr.m_pContent) + 1];
64 delete [] m_pContent;
65 m_pContent = NULL;
66 m_pContent = pTempStr;
67 strcpy(m_pContent, sStr.m_pContent);
68 return *this;
69 }
70
71 std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream &os, CString & str)
72 {
73 os<<str.m_pContent;
74 return os;
75 }
76
77
78 int main()
79 {
80 CString str3; // 調用無參數的構造函數
81 CString str = "My CString!"; // 聲明字符串,相當於調用構造函數
82 std::cout<<str<<std::endl;
83 CString str2 = str; // 聲明字符串,相當於調用構造函數
84 std::cout<<str2<<std::endl;
85 str2 = str; // 調用重載的賦值運算符
86 std::cout<<str2<<std::endl;
87 return 0;
88 }
輸出:
NULL
use value Contru
My CString!
use copy Contru
My CString!
use operator =
My CString!
use ~
use ~
use ~