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 程式師世界 >> 編程語言 >> .NET網頁編程 >> C# >> 關於C# >> 設計模式(C#) - 裝飾模式(Decorator Pattern)

設計模式(C#) - 裝飾模式(Decorator Pattern)

編輯:關於C#

返回“設計模式(C#)系列文章索引”

介紹

動態地給一個對象添加一些額外的職責。就擴展功能而言,它比生成子類方式更為靈活。

示例

有一個Message實體類,某個對象對它的操作有Insert()和Get()方法,現在擴展這個對象的功能。

MessageModel

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace Pattern.Decorator
{
  /**//// <summary>
  /// Message實體類
  /// </summary>
  public class MessageModel
  {
    /**//// <summary>
    /// 構造函數
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="msg">Message內容</param>
    /// <param name="pt">Message發布時間</param>
    public MessageModel(string msg, DateTime pt)
    {
      this._message = msg;
      this._publishTime = pt;
    }

    private string _message;
    /**//// <summary>
    /// Message內容
    /// </summary>
    public string Message
    {
      get { return _message; }
      set { _message = value; }
    }

    private DateTime _publishTime;
    /**//// <summary>
    /// Message發布時間
    /// </summary>
    public DateTime PublishTime
    {
      get { return _publishTime; }
      set { _publishTime = value; }
    }
  }
}

AbstractMessage

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace Pattern.Decorator
{
  /**//// <summary>
  /// 操作Message的抽象構件(Component)
  /// </summary>
  public abstract class AbstractMessage
  {
    /**//// <summary>
    /// 獲取Message
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public abstract List<MessageModel> Get();

    /**//// <summary>
    /// 插入Message
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="mm">Message實體對象</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public abstract bool Insert(MessageModel mm);
  }
}

SqlMessage

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace Pattern.Decorator
{
  /**//// <summary>
  /// Sql方式操作Message(ConcreteComponent)
  /// </summary>
  public class SqlMessage : AbstractMessage
  {
    /**//// <summary>
    /// 獲取Message
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public override List<MessageModel> Get()
    {
      List<MessageModel> l = new List<MessageModel>();
      l.Add(new MessageModel("SQL方式獲取Message", DateTime.Now));

      return l;
    }

    /**//// <summary>
    /// 插入Message
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="mm">Message實體對象</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public override bool Insert(MessageModel mm)
    {
      // 代碼略
      return true;
    }
  }
}

XmlMessage

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace Pattern.Decorator
{
  /**//// <summary>
  /// Xml方式操作Message(ConcreteComponent)
  /// </summary>
  public class XmlMessage : AbstractMessage
  {
    /**//// <summary>
    /// 獲取Message
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public override List<MessageModel> Get()
    {
      List<MessageModel> l = new List<MessageModel>();
      l.Add(new MessageModel("XML方式獲取Message", DateTime.Now));

      return l;
    }

    /**//// <summary>
    /// 插入Message
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="mm">Message實體對象</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public override bool Insert(MessageModel mm)
    {
      // 代碼略
      return true;
    }
  }
}

AbstractMessageWrapper

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace Pattern.Decorator
{
  /**//// <summary>
  /// 裝飾AbstractMessage(Decorator)
  /// </summary>
  public abstract class AbstractMessageWrapper : AbstractMessage
  {
    private AbstractMessage _abstractMessage;

    /**//// <summary>
    /// 構造函數
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="abstractMessage">AbstractMessage</param>
    public AbstractMessageWrapper(AbstractMessage abstractMessage)
    {
      this._abstractMessage = abstractMessage;
    }

    /**//// <summary>
    /// 獲取Message
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public override List<MessageModel> Get()
    {
      return _abstractMessage.Get();
    }

    /**//// <summary>
    /// 插入Message
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="mm">Message實體對象</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public override bool Insert(MessageModel mm)
    {
      return _abstractMessage.Insert(mm);
    }
  }
}

CheckUserWrapper

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace Pattern.Decorator
{
  /**//// <summary>
  /// 擴展出用戶驗證的功能(ConcreteDecorator)
  /// </summary>
  public class CheckUserWrapper : AbstractMessageWrapper
  {
    /**//// <summary>
    /// 構造函數
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="abstractMessage">AbstractMessage</param>
    public CheckUserWrapper(AbstractMessage abstractMessage)
      : base(abstractMessage)
    {

    }

    /**//// <summary>
    /// 獲取Message
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public override List<MessageModel> Get()
    {
      List<MessageModel> l = base.Get();

      foreach (MessageModel mm in l)
      {
        mm.Message += "(經過用戶驗證)";
      }

      return l;
    }

    /**//// <summary>
    /// 插入Message
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="mm">Message實體對象</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public override bool Insert(MessageModel mm)
    {
      // 在這裡擴展功能

      return base.Insert(mm);
    }

  }
}

CheckInputWrapper

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace Pattern.Decorator
{
  /**//// <summary>
  /// 擴展出輸入驗證的功能(ConcreteDecorator)
  /// </summary>
  public class CheckInputWrapper : AbstractMessageWrapper
  {
    /**//// <summary>
    /// 構造函數
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="abstractMessage">AbstractMessage</param>
    public CheckInputWrapper(AbstractMessage abstractMessage)
      : base(abstractMessage)
    {

    }

    /**//// <summary>
    /// 獲取Message
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public override List<MessageModel> Get()
    {
      List<MessageModel> l = base.Get();

      foreach (MessageModel mm in l)
      {
        mm.Message += "(經過輸入驗證)";
      }

      return l;
    }

    /**//// <summary>
    /// 插入Message
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="mm">Message實體對象</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public override bool Insert(MessageModel mm)
    {
      // 在這裡擴展功能

      return base.Insert(mm);
    }
  }
}

Test

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;

using Pattern.Decorator;

public partial class Decorator : System.Web.UI.Page
{
  protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
    AbstractMessage message = new SqlMessage();

    AbstractMessageWrapper amr = new CheckUserWrapper(message);

    Response.Write(amr.Get()[0].Message + " " + amr.Get()[0].PublishTime.ToString());
    Response.Write("<br />");

    AbstractMessageWrapper amr2 = new CheckInputWrapper(message);

    Response.Write(amr2.Get()[0].Message + " " + amr2.Get()[0].PublishTime.ToString());
    Response.Write("<br />");

    AbstractMessageWrapper amr3 = new CheckUserWrapper(message);
    AbstractMessageWrapper amr4 = new CheckInputWrapper(amr3);

    Response.Write(amr4.Get()[0].Message + " " + amr4.Get()[0].PublishTime.ToString());
    Response.Write("<br />");
  }
}

運行結果

SQL方式獲取Message(經過用戶驗證) 2007-5-13 19:34:01

SQL方式獲取Message(經過輸入驗證) 2007-5-13 19:34:01

SQL方式獲取Message(經過用戶驗證)(經過輸入驗證) 2007-5-13 19:34:01

參考

http://www.dofactory.com/Patterns/PatternDecorator.aspx

OK

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