控件基礎: Measure, Arrange, GeneralTransform, Visua
介紹
重新想象 Windows 8 Store Apps 之 控件基礎
Measure() 和 Arrange() - xaml 的 layout 系統
GeneralTransform - 通過 UIElement.TransformToVisual() 獲取元素的位置信息
VisualTree - 可視樹
示例
1、演示 xaml 的 layout 系統
Controls/Basic/MeasureArrange.xaml
<Page
x:Class="XamlDemo.Controls.Basic.MeasureArrange"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:local="using:XamlDemo.Controls.Basic"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable="d">
<Grid Background="Transparent">
<local:MyStackPanel Margin="120 0 0 0" HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="200" Height="200">
<TextBlock Text="我是文本" Width="100" Height="100" />
<Button Content="我是按鈕" Width="150" Height="150" />
</local:MyStackPanel>
</Grid>
</Page>
Controls/Basic/MeasureArrange.xaml.cs
/*
* 演示 Layout 系統
*
* win8 xaml 的 layout 就是一個遞歸系統,本 demo 就遞歸的一個過程做說明(步驟順序參見代碼注釋中
的序號)
*/
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using Windows.Foundation;
using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
namespace XamlDemo.Controls.Basic
{
public sealed partial class MeasureArrange : Page
{
public MeasureArrange()
{
this.InitializeComponent();
}
}
public class MyStackPanel : StackPanel
{
// 1、首先爸爸知道自己能夠提供的尺寸 availableSize,然後告訴兒子們
protected override Size MeasureOverride(Size availableSize)
{
// 2、兒子們收到 availableSize 後,又結合了自身的實際情況,然後告訴爸爸兒子們所期望的尺寸 desiredSize
Size desiredSize = base.MeasureOverride(availableSize);
Debug.WriteLine("availableSize: " + availableSize.ToString());
Debug.WriteLine("desiredSize: " + desiredSize.ToString());
return desiredSize;
// 以下是自定義的 Measure 邏輯,供參考
/*
Size childrenSize = new Size(0, 0);
foreach (UIElement child in this.Children)
{
child.Measure(new Size(Double.PositiveInfinity, Double.PositiveInfinity));
childrenSize.Width += child.DesiredSize.Width;
childrenSize.Height += child.DesiredSize.Height;
}
return childrenSize;
*/
}
// 3、爸爸收到兒子們的反饋後,告訴兒子們自己最終提供的尺寸 finalSize
protected override Size ArrangeOverride(Size finalSize)
{
// 4、兒子們根據 finalSize 安排各自的位置,然後爸爸的呈現尺寸也就確定了 renderSize
Size renderSize = base.ArrangeOverride(finalSize);
Debug.WriteLine("finalSize: " + finalSize.ToString());
Debug.WriteLine("renderSize: " + renderSize.ToString());
return renderSize;
// 以下是自定義的 Arrange 邏輯,供參考
/*
Point childPos = new Point(0, 0);
foreach (UIElement child in this.Children)
{
child.Arrange(new Rect(childPos, new Size(child.DesiredSize.Width, child.DesiredSize.Height)));
childPos.Y += child.RenderSize.Height;
}
return finalSize;
*/
}
}
}
/*
* 輸出結果:
* availableSize: 200,200
* desiredSize: 150,250
* finalSize: 200,250
* renderSize: 200,250
*/
/*
* 注:
* UIElement
* 調用 Measure() 方法後會更新 DesiredSize 屬性
* 調用 Arrange() 方法後會更新 RenderSize 屬性
* UpdateLayout() - 強制 layout 遞歸更新
*
* FrameworkElement - 繼承自 UIElement
* MeasureOverride() - 重寫 Measure()
* ArrangeOverride() - 重寫 Arrange()
* ActualWidth 和 ActualHeight 來自 RenderSize,每次 UpdateLayout() 後都會被更新
*/
2、演示如何獲取UI元素的位置信息
Controls/Basic/GeneralTransformDemo.xaml
<Page
x:Class="XamlDemo.Controls.Basic.GeneralTransformDemo"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:local="using:XamlDemo.Controls.Basic"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable="d">
<Grid Background="Transparent">
<StackPanel Margin="120 0 0 0">
<Grid HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top">
<Rectangle Name="rectangle1" Width="300" Height="200" Fill="Red" />
<Rectangle Name="rectangle2" Width="150" Height="100" Fill="Green" />
</Grid>
<TextBlock Name="lblMsg" FontSize="14.667" Margin="0 10 0 0" />
</StackPanel>
</Grid>
</Page>
Controls/Basic/GeneralTransformDemo.xaml.cs
/*
* 演示 GeneralTransform 的應用,可以通過 UIElement.TransformToVisual() 獲取
*/
using System;
using Windows.Foundation;
using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Media;
namespace XamlDemo.Controls.Basic
{
public sealed partial class GeneralTransformDemo : Page
{
public GeneralTransformDemo()
{
this.InitializeComponent();
this.Loaded += TransformToVisual_Loaded;
}
void TransformToVisual_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
lblMsg.Text = "";
Demo1();
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
Demo2();
}
// 演示如何獲取 UIElement 相對於屏幕原點所占用的矩形區域
private void Demo1()
{
GeneralTransform generalTransform = rectangle1.TransformToVisual(null); // 獲取 rectangle1 相對於屏幕的 GeneralTransform
Point point = generalTransform.TransformPoint(new Point(0, 0)); // rectangle1 的原點(左上角頂點)相對於屏幕 0,0 點的位置
Rect rect = new Rect(point, new Size(rectangle1.ActualWidth, rectangle1.ActualHeight));
lblMsg.Text += "紅色矩形相對於屏幕原點的位置:" + rect.ToString();
}
// 演示如何獲取 UIElement 相對於另一個 UIElement 原點所占用的矩形區域
private void Demo2()
{
GeneralTransform generalTransform = rectangle1.TransformToVisual(rectangle2); // 獲取 rectangle1 相對於 rectangle2 的 GeneralTransform
Point point = generalTransform.TransformPoint(new Point(0, 0)); // rectangle1 的原點(左上角頂點)相對於 rectangle2 的原點(左上角頂點)的位置
Rect rect = new Rect(point, new Size(rectangle1.ActualWidth, rectangle1.ActualHeight));
lblMsg.Text += "紅色矩形相對於綠色矩形左上角頂點的位置:" + rect.ToString();
}
}
}
3、演示 VisualTreeHelper 的應用
Controls/Basic/VisualTree.xaml
<Page
x:Class="XamlDemo.Controls.Basic.VisualTree"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:local="using:XamlDemo.Controls.Basic"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable="d">
<Grid Background="Transparent">
<StackPanel Margin="120 0 0 0">
<Grid Name="container" HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top" Tapped="container_Tapped_1">
<Rectangle Name="rectangle" Width="300" Height="200" Fill="Red" />
<Border Name="border" Width="200" Height="120" Background="Green" />
<ScrollViewer Name="scrollViewer" Width="150" Height="150" Background="Blue" />
</Grid>
<TextBlock Name="lblMsg" FontSize="14.667" Margin="0 10 0 0" />
</StackPanel>
</Grid>
</Page>
Controls/Basic/VisualTree.xaml.cs
/*
* 演示 VisualTreeHelper 的應用
*
* VisualTreeHelper - 訪問可視樹的幫助類
* GetChildrenCount(DependencyObject reference) - 獲取指定的元素內的子元素的數量
* DependencyObject GetChild(DependencyObject reference, int childIndex) - 獲取指定的元素內的,指定索引位置的子元素
* GetParent(DependencyObject reference) - 獲取指定的元素的父元素
* FindElementsInHostCoordinates(Point intersectingPoint, UIElement subtree, bool includeAllElements) - 查找某一點內的全部元素(包括控件模板內的元素)
* intersectingPoint - 指定的點的坐標
* subtree - 在此元素內進行查找,包括此元素
* includeAllElements
* true - 查找全部元素,包括 IsHitTestVisible 為 true 的和 IsHitTestVisible 為 false 的
* false - 僅查找 IsHitTestVisible 為 true 的元素
* FindElementsInHostCoordinates(Rect intersectingRect, UIElement subtree, bool includeAllElements) - 查找某一矩形區域內的全部元素(包括控件模板內的元素)
* intersectingRect - 指定的矩形區域
* subtree - 在此元素內進行查找,包括此元素
* includeAllElements
* true - 查找全部元素,包括 IsHitTestVisible 為 true 的和 IsHitTestVisible 為 false 的
* false - 僅查找 IsHitTestVisible 為 true 的元素
*/
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Windows.Foundation;
using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.Primitives;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Media;
namespace XamlDemo.Controls.Basic
{
public sealed partial class VisualTree : Page
{
public VisualTree()
{
this.InitializeComponent();
this.Loaded += VisualTree_Loaded;
}
void VisualTree_Loaded(object sender, Windows.UI.Xaml.RoutedEventArgs e)
{
// 獲取 container 中包含的元素
lblMsg.Text = "container 中包含的元素有:";
int numVisuals = VisualTreeHelper.GetChildrenCount(container);
for (int i = 0; i < numVisuals; i++)
{
DependencyObject element = VisualTreeHelper.GetChild(container, i);
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
lblMsg.Text += element.GetType().ToString();
}
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
// 在 scrollViewer 控件自身的模板中查找類型為 ScrollBar 的名為 VerticalScrollBar 的控件
lblMsg.Text += "查找 scrollViewer 中的名為“VerticalScrollBar”的 ScrollBar 控件:";
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
ScrollBar scrollBar = GetVisualChild<ScrollBar>(scrollViewer, "VerticalScrollBar");
if (scrollBar != null)
lblMsg.Text += "找到了";
else
lblMsg.Text += "未找到";
}
private void container_Tapped_1(object sender, Windows.UI.Xaml.Input.TappedRoutedEventArgs e)
{
// 獲取鼠標單擊的位置,container 范圍內所包含的全部元素(包括控件模板內的元素)
lblMsg.Text = "鼠標單擊的位置,container 內,包含的元素有:";
IEnumerable<UIElement> elementsPoint = VisualTreeHelper.FindElementsInHostCoordinates(e.GetPosition(null), container, true);
var elementsPointEnumerator = elementsPoint.GetEnumerator();
while (elementsPointEnumerator.MoveNext())
{
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
lblMsg.Text += elementsPointEnumerator.Current.GetType().ToString();
}
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
// 獲取以鼠標單擊的位置為頂點,100*100 大小的矩形內,container 范圍內所包含的全部元素(包括控件模板內的元素)
lblMsg.Text += "以鼠標單擊的位置為頂點,100*100 大小的矩形范圍內,container 內,包含的元素有:";
IEnumerable<UIElement> elementsRect =
VisualTreeHelper.FindElementsInHostCoordinates(new Rect(e.GetPosition(null), new Size(100,
100)), container, true);
var elementsRectEnumerator = elementsRect.GetEnumerator();
while (elementsRectEnumerator.MoveNext())
{
lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;
lblMsg.Text += elementsRectEnumerator.Current.GetType().ToString();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 獲取指定元素內部的指定名稱的 FrameworkElement
/// </summary>
private T GetVisualChild<T>(DependencyObject parent, string name)
where T : FrameworkElement
{
// T 是引用類型則為 null,T 是值類型則為 0
T child = default(T);
int numVisuals = VisualTreeHelper.GetChildrenCount(parent);
for (int i = 0; i < numVisuals; i++)
{
DependencyObject obj = VisualTreeHelper.GetChild(parent, i);
child = obj as T;
if (child == null || child.Name != name)
child = GetVisualChild<T>(obj, name);
if (child != null)
break;
}
return child;
}
}
}
OK
[源碼下載]:http://files.cnblogs.com/webabcd/Windows8.rar