介紹
重新想象 Windows 8 Store Apps 之 WebView
演示 WebView 的基本應用
演示 WebView 如何與 JavaScript 交互
通過 Share Contract 分享 WebView 中的內容
如何全屏 WebView
示例
1、WebView 的基本應用
WebView/Demo.xaml
<Page
x:Class="XamlDemo.Controls.WebView.Demo"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:local="using:XamlDemo.Controls.WebView"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable="d">
<Grid Background="Transparent">
<StackPanel Margin="120 0 0 0">
<Button Name="btnNavigateUrl" Content="導航到指定的 url" Click="btnNavigateUrl_Click_1" />
<Button Name="btnShowHtml" Content="解析指定的 html 字符串" Click="btnShowHtml_Click_1" Margin="0 10 0 0" />
<Button Name="btnFullScreen" Content="演示當 WebView 全屏時如何操作當前頁(WebView 會遮擋所有元素)" Click="btnFullScreen_Click_1" Margin="0 10 0 0" />
<WebView Name="webView" Width="400" Height="300" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="0 10 0 0" />
</StackPanel>
</Grid>
</Page>
WebView/Demo.xaml.cs
/*
* WebView - 內嵌浏覽器
* Source - 導航到指定的 url
* Navigate() - 導航到指定的 url
* NavigateToString() - 解析指定的 html 字符串
* LoadCompleted - 在 DOM 加載完成後所觸發的事件
* NavigationFailed - 導航發生錯誤時觸發的事件(事件參數:WebViewNavigationFailedEventArgs)
*
* WebViewNavigationFailedEventArgs
* Uri - 嘗試導航到的 Uri
* WebErrorStatus - 錯誤狀態(Windows.Web.WebErrorStatus 枚舉)
*/
using System;
using Windows.UI.Popups;
using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
namespace XamlDemo.Controls.WebView
{
public sealed partial class Demo : Page
{
public Demo()
{
this.InitializeComponent();
}
private void btnNavigateUrl_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
// 導航到指定的 url
webView.Navigate(new Uri("http://webabcd.cnblogs.com/", UriKind.Absolute));
// webView.Source = new Uri("http://webabcd.cnblogs.com/", UriKind.Absolute);
// 導航失敗時
webView.NavigationFailed += webView_NavigationFailed;
}
async void webView_NavigationFailed(object sender, WebViewNavigationFailedEventArgs e)
{
await new MessageDialog(e.WebErrorStatus.ToString()).ShowAsync();
}
private void btnShowHtml_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
// 解析指定的 html 字符串
webView.NavigateToString("<html><body>I am webabcd</body></html>");
}
private void btnFullScreen_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
var root = Window.Current.Content as Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.Frame;
root.Navigate(typeof(XamlDemo.Controls.WebView.FullScreen));
}
}
}
2、WebView 如何與 JavaScript 交互
WebView/Interact.xaml
<Page
x:Class="XamlDemo.Controls.WebView.Interact"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:local="using:XamlDemo.Controls.WebView"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable="d">
<Grid Background="Transparent">
<StackPanel Margin="120 0 0 0">
<Button Name="btnInvokeJavaScript" Content="app 調用 WebView 加載內容中的 JavaScript 腳本" Click="btnInvokeJavaScript_Click_1" />
<Button Name="btnAccessDOM" Content="通過 eval 訪問 DOM" Click="btnAccessDOM_Click_1" Margin="0 10 0 0" />
<WebView Name="webView" Width="400" Height="300" Source="http://localhost:39629/WebViewInteract.html" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="0 10 0
0" />
</StackPanel>
</Grid>
</Page>
WebView/Interact.xaml.cs
/*
* 演示 app 如何與 WebView 中的 JavaScript 進行交互
*
* WebView - 內嵌浏覽器
* InvokeScript() - 調用 JavaScript 中的指定函數,並返回執行結果
* ScriptNotify - 當接收到從 JavaScript 發過來的數據時所觸發的事件(事件參數:
NotifyEventArgs)
* AllowedScriptNotifyUris - 允許觸發 ScriptNotify 事件的 uri 列表
*
* NotifyEventArgs
* Value - js 傳遞給 app 的數據
*
*
* 注:本例通過加載 WebServer 項目下的 WebViewInteract.html 來演示 app 與 js 的交互
*/
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Windows.UI.Popups;
using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation;
namespace XamlDemo.Controls.WebView
{
public sealed partial class Interact : Page
{
public Interact()
{
this.InitializeComponent();
// 指定允許觸發 ScriptNotify 事件的 uri 列表(如果 uri 是目錄而不是文件,則此目錄下所有文件都可以觸發 ScriptNotify 事件)
List<Uri> allowedUris = new List<Uri>();
allowedUris.Add(new Uri("http://localhost:39629/"));
webView.AllowedScriptNotifyUris = allowedUris;
webView.ScriptNotify += webView_ScriptNotify;
}
async void webView_ScriptNotify(object sender, NotifyEventArgs e)
{
// 獲取 js 傳遞過來的數據(js 端通向 app 傳遞數據的方法:window.external.notify('js to app');)
await new MessageDialog(e.Value).ShowAsync();
}
// app 調用 js
private async void btnInvokeJavaScript_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
string[] arguments = { "webabcd" };
// 調用 js 方法:sayHelloToJs('webabcd'); 並返回結果
string result = webView.InvokeScript("sayHelloToJs", arguments);
await new MessageDialog(result).ShowAsync();
}
// 通過 eval 方式訪問 DOM
private async void btnAccessDOM_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
// 獲取 document.title 的值
string[] arguments = { "document.title" };
string result = webView.InvokeScript("eval", arguments);
await new MessageDialog(result).ShowAsync();
}
}
}
3、通過 Share Contract 分享 WebView 中的內容
WebView/Share.xaml
<Page
x:Class="XamlDemo.Controls.WebView.Share"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:local="using:XamlDemo.Controls.WebView"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable="d">
<Grid Background="Transparent">
<StackPanel Margin="120 0 0 0">
<Button Name="btnShare" Content="通過 Share Contract 分享 WebView 中的被選中的文本內容" Click="btnShare_Click_1" />
<WebView Name="webView" Width="400" Height="300" Source="http://webabcd.cnblogs.com/" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="0 10 0 0" />
</StackPanel>
</Grid>
</Page>
WebView/Share.xaml.cs
/*
* 演示如何通過 Share Contract 分享 WebView 中的內容(復制到剪切板也是同理)
*
* WebView - 內嵌浏覽器
* DataTransferPackage - 返回 DataPackage 對象
*/
using Windows.ApplicationModel.DataTransfer;
using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
namespace XamlDemo.Controls.WebView
{
public sealed partial class Share : Page
{
private DataTransferManager _dataTransferManager;
public Share()
{
this.InitializeComponent();
}
private void btnShare_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
_dataTransferManager = DataTransferManager.GetForCurrentView();
_dataTransferManager.DataRequested += _dataTransferManager_DataRequested;
DataTransferManager.ShowShareUI();
}
// 分享 WebView 中的被選中的文本內容
void _dataTransferManager_DataRequested(DataTransferManager sender, DataRequestedEventArgs args)
{
DataRequest request = args.Request;
DataPackage dataPackage = webView.DataTransferPackage;
DataPackageView dataPackageView = dataPackage.GetView();
// 如果用戶選擇了一段內容,則通過 WebView.DataTransferPackage 獲取到的數據裡就會有StandardDataFormats.Text 格式的內容,此內容就是用戶所選中的內容
if (dataPackageView.Contains(StandardDataFormats.Text))
{
dataPackage.Properties.Title = "Title";
dataPackage.Properties.Description = "Description";
request.Data = dataPackage;
}
else
{
request.FailWithDisplayText("沒有選中任何內容");
}
_dataTransferManager.DataRequested -= _dataTransferManager_DataRequested;
}
}
}
4、全屏 WebView 時需要注意哪些
WebView/FullScreen.xaml
<Page
x:Class="XamlDemo.Controls.WebView.FullScreen"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:local="using:XamlDemo.Controls.WebView"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable="d">
<Page.Resources>
<Storyboard x:Name="sbOpenAppBar">
<DoubleAnimation x:Name="aniTranslateYOpen" Storyboard.TargetName="webView"
Storyboard.TargetProperty="(UIElement.RenderTransform).(CompositeTransform.TranslateY)"
Duration="00:00:00.367">
<DoubleAnimation.EasingFunction>
<ExponentialEase EasingMode="EaseOut"/>
</DoubleAnimation.EasingFunction>
</DoubleAnimation>
</Storyboard>
<Storyboard x:Name="sbCloseAppBar">
<DoubleAnimation x:Name="aniTranslateYClose" Storyboard.TargetName="webView" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(UIElement.RenderTransform).(CompositeTransform.TranslateY)"
Duration="00:00:00.367">
<DoubleAnimation.EasingFunction>
<ExponentialEase EasingMode="EaseOut"/>
</DoubleAnimation.EasingFunction>
</DoubleAnimation>
</Storyboard>
</Page.Resources>
<Page.BottomAppBar>
<AppBar x:Name="appBar">
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
<Button x:Name="btnHome" Style="{StaticResource HomeAppBarButtonStyle}" Click="btnHome_Click_1" />
</StackPanel>
</AppBar>
</Page.BottomAppBar>
<Grid Background="Transparent">
<WebView Name="webView" Source="http://webabcd.cnblogs.com/">
<WebView.RenderTransform>
<CompositeTransform/>
</WebView.RenderTransform>
</WebView>
</Grid>
</Page>
WebView/FullScreen.xaml.cs
/*
* 由於 WebView 控件上不允許顯示其他任何元素,那麼當 WebView 全屏時如何操作當前頁呢?
* 可以考慮通過 AppBar 操作當前頁面,但是 AppBar 也會被 WebView 擋住,所以我們要做的是當 AppBar
顯示後,減小 WebView 的高度
*
* 注:WebViewBrush 上是可以顯示其他元素的
*/
using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation;
namespace XamlDemo.Controls.WebView
{
public sealed partial class FullScreen : Page
{
public FullScreen()
{
this.InitializeComponent();
}
protected override void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e)
{
appBar.Opened += appBar_Opened;
appBar.Closed += appBar_Closed;
}
protected override void OnNavigatedFrom(NavigationEventArgs e)
{
appBar.Opened -= appBar_Opened;
appBar.Closed -= appBar_Closed;
}
// 顯示 BottomAppBar,減小 WebView 的高度,使其不會遮擋 BottomAppBar
void appBar_Opened(object sender, object e)
{
// 強制更新布局,這樣可以獲取到 WebView 和 BottomAppBar 的最新的真實高度
this.UpdateLayout();
double appBarHeight = appBar.ActualHeight;
webView.Height = webView.ActualHeight - appBarHeight;
// WebView 的高度減小後會居中顯示,此方法用於將 WebView 的頂端和屏幕的頂端對齊,同時來個動畫效果
aniTranslateYOpen.To = -appBarHeight / 2.0;
sbOpenAppBar.Begin();
}
// appBar_Opened 的逆運算,不解釋
void appBar_Closed(object sender, object e)
{
this.UpdateLayout();
double appBarHeight = appBar.ActualHeight;
webView.Height = webView.ActualHeight + appBarHeight;
aniTranslateYOpen.To = appBarHeight / 2.0;
sbCloseAppBar.Begin();
}
// 導航到首頁
private void btnHome_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
var root = Window.Current.Content as Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.Frame;
root.Navigate(typeof(XamlDemo.MainPage));
}
}
}
OK
[源碼下載]:http://files.cnblogs.com/webabcd/Windows8.rar